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Hurricane Camille 1969 and Storm-Triggered Landslides in the Appalachians and a Perspective in a Warmer Climate

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International Journal of Geosciences 2016年第1期7卷 53-77页

作者： diandong ren Department of Imaging and Applied Physics Curtin University of Technology Perth Australia

This study analyzes storm-triggered landslides in the US Appalachians, in the current geological setting. Concave valleys that favor the convergence of surface runoff are the primary locales for landslides. If the slopes are weathered to the same degree and have the same vegetation coverage, slope orientation (azimuthal) is not critical for slope stability. However, it is found that for the region south of the Black Mountains (North Carolina), north-facing slopes are more prone to slide, because, for the regions not limited by water availability (annual precipitation), the northern slopes usually are grass slopes. For the slopes of the Blue Ridge Mountains, south facing slopes are more prone to slide. Gravity measurements over the past decade reveal that geological conditions, the chute system and underground cracks over the region are stable. Future changes in storm-triggered landslide frequency are primarily controlled by changes in extreme precipitation. Thus, a series of ensemble climate model experiments is carried out to investigate possible changes in future extreme precipitation events, using a weather model forced by atmospheric perturbations from ensemble climate models. Over 50 locations are identified as prone to future landslides. Many of these locales are natural habitats to the Appalachian salamanders. In a future warmer climate, more severe extreme precipitation events are projected because of increased atmospheric water vapor and more frequent passages of tropical cyclone remnants. There is also a likely shift of tropical cyclone tracks and associated extreme precipitations, and the cluster center of Appalachians’s scarps is expected to move westward, with ecological consequences for the endemic salamanders.

关键词： Extreme Precipitation Climate Change Landslides Flash Floods Endemic Salamanders to Appalachians Ecosystem in Mountains Tropical Cyclone Remnants and Extra-Tropical Transition SEGMENT-Landslide Blue Mountain Ecosystem

An Earthquake Model Based on Fatigue Mechanism—A Tale of Earthquake Triad

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2019年第8期7卷 290-326页

作者： diandong ren School of Electrical Engineering Computing and Mathematical Sciences Curtin University Perth Australia Australian Sustainable Development Institute Curtin University Perth Australia

Earthquakes are the result of strain build-up from without and erosion from within faults. A generic co-seismic condition includes merely three angles representing respectively fault geometry, fault strength and the ratio of fault coupling to lithostatic load. Correspondingly, gravity fluctuation, bridging effect, and granular material production/distribution form the earthquake triad. As a dynamic component of the gravity field, groundwater fluctuation is the nexus among the three intervened components and plays a pivotal role in regulating major earthquake irregularity: reducing natural (dry) inter-seismic periods and lowering magnitudes. It may act mechanical-directly (MD) through super-imposing a seismogenic lateral stress field thus aiding plate-coupling from without;or mechanical-indirectly (MI) by enhancing fault fatigue, hence weakening the fault from within. A minimum requirement for a working earthquake prediction system is stipulated and implemented into a well-vetted numerical model. This fatigue mechanism based modeling system is an important supplement to the canonical frictional theory of tectonic earthquakes. For collisional systems (e.g., peri-Tibetan Plateau regions), MD mechanism dominates, because the orographically-induced spatially highly biased precipitation is effectively channeled into deeper depth by the prevalence of through-cut faults. Droughts elsewhere also are seismogenic but likely through MI effects. For example, ENSO, as the dominant player for regional precipitation, has strong influence on the gravity field over Andes. Major earthquakes, although bearing the same 4 - 7 years occurrence frequency as ENSO, have a significant hiatus, tracing gravity fluctuations. That granular channels left behind by seamounts foster major earthquakes further aver the relevance of MI over Andes. Similarly, the stability of the Cascadia fault is found remotely affected by Californian droughts (2011-15), which created a 0.15 kPa/km stress gradient alon

关键词： Earthquakes Erosion Co-Seismic

An Overlooked Term in Assessment of the Potential Sea-Level Rise from a Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet

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International Journal of Geosciences 2013年第6期4卷 978-984页

作者： diandong ren Mervyn Lynch Lance M. Leslie 1Australian Sustainable Development Institute Curtin University Perth Australia 2Department of Imaging and Applied Physics Curtin University Perth Australia Australian Sustainable Development Institute Curtin University Perth Australia School of Meteorology The University of Oklahoma Norman USA

As to sea level rise (SLR) contribution, melting and setting afloat make no difference for land based ice. Melting of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) into water is impossible in the upcoming several centuries, whereas breaking and partially afloat is likely as long as sea waters find a pathway to the bottom of those ice sectors with basal elevation below sea level. In this sense WAIS may be disintegrated in a future warming climate. We reassess the potential contribution to eustatic sea level from a collapse of WAIS and find that previous assessments have overlooked a contributor: slope instability after the cementing ice is removed. Over loading ice has a buttressing effect on slope movements the same way ice shelves hinder the flow of non-floating coastal ice. A sophisticated landslide model estimates a 9-mm eustatic SLR contribution from subsequent landslides.

关键词： Antarctic Ice Sheet Landslides Sea Level Rise

The Gravity Environment of Zhouqu Debris Flow of August 2010 and Its Implication for Future Recurrence

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International Journal of Geosciences 2015年第4期6卷 317-325页

作者： diandong ren Lance M. Leslie Xinyi Shen Yang Hong Qingyun Duan Rezaul Mahmood Yun Li Gang Huang Weidong Guo Mervyn J. Lynch Department of Imaging and Applied Physics Curtin University of Technology Perth Australia School of Meteorology University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA College of Global Change and Earth System Science Beijing Normal University Beijing China Department of Geography and Geology Western Kentucky University Bowling Green Kentucky USA CSIRO Leeuwin Centre Floreat Australia IAP Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nanjing China Australian Sustainable Development Institute Perth Australia

This study investigates the geological background of the August 7-8, 2010 Zhouqu debris flows in the northwestern Chinese province of Gansu, and possible future occurrence of such hazards in the peri-Tibetan Plateau (TP) regions. Debris flows are a more predictable type of landslide because of its strong correlation with extreme precipitation. However, two factors affecting the frequency and magnitude of debris flows: very fine scale precipitation and degree of fracture of bedrock, both defy direct observations. Annual mean Net Primary production (NPP) is used as a surrogate for regional precipitation with patchiness filtered out, and gravity satellite measured regional mass changes as an indication of bedrock cracking, through the groundwater as the nexus.?The GRACE measurements indicate a region (to the north east of TP) of persistent mass gain (started well before the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake), likely due to increased groundwater percolation. While in the neighboring agricultural region further to the north east, there are signal of decreased fossil water reservoir. The imposed stress fields by large scale increase/decrease groundwater may contribute to future geological instability of this region. Zhouqu locates right on the saddle of the gravity field anomaly. The region surrounding the Bay of Bangle (to the southeast of TP) has a similar situation. To investigate future changes in extreme precipitation, the other key player for debris flows, the “pseudo-climate change” experiments of a weather model forced by climate model provided perturbations on the thermal fields are performed and endangered locations are identified. In the future warmer climate, extreme precipitation will be more severe and debris will be more frequent and severe.

关键词： Groundwater Fluctuation Gravity Satellite Measurements Storm Triggered Landslides and Flash Floods Climate Change

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浙江台州西兰花小菜蛾种群数量运动规律研究

中国植保导刊 2013年第4期33卷 35-37页

作者：任典东汪恩国王永才余山红浙江省三门县农技总站浙江三门317100 浙江省临海市植保站浙江临海317000 浙江省临海市农科所浙江临海317000 浙江省台州市农科院浙江临海317000

于2001～2011年应用性诱剂监测方法对小菜蛾种群数量运动规律及季节性消长规律进行了长期定点系统监测研究。结果表明,西兰花小菜蛾种群运动态势在监测的11年中呈螺旋式下降,年度大发生频率约30%;生长季节其发生消长随西兰花生育期推进... 详细信息

于2001～2011年应用性诱剂监测方法对小菜蛾种群数量运动规律及季节性消长规律进行了长期定点系统监测研究。结果表明,西兰花小菜蛾种群运动态势在监测的11年中呈螺旋式下降,年度大发生频率约30%;生长季节其发生消长随西兰花生育期推进而逐渐加重,全季主要有两个发生盛期,第1个盛期在西兰花的莲座生长期和花蕾生长期,发生频率47%,第2个盛期在结球采收期,发生频率40%;气温(T)对小菜蛾种群数量(M)发生存在极显著相关关系,其关系模型为:M=0.221T+0.0457或M=-0.034T2+1.4912T-9.4889。

关键词：西兰花小菜蛾种群数量运动规律影响因子

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江南南部—华南北部前汛期严重旱涝诊断分析

应用气象学报 1999年第2期10卷 219-226页

作者：高波陈乾金任殿东国家气候中心中国科学院大气物理研究所

利用江南南部—华南北部区域１８个站４５年（１９５１～１９９５年）４～６月降水资料计算了Ｚ指数，确定出该区域严重涝年（１９５４、１９６２、１９６８、１９７３、１９７５年）和严重旱年（１９５８、１９６３、１９６７、１９８... 详细信息

利用江南南部—华南北部区域１８个站４５年（１９５１～１９９５年）４～６月降水资料计算了Ｚ指数，确定出该区域严重涝年（１９５４、１９６２、１９６８、１９７３、１９７５年）和严重旱年（１９５８、１９６３、１９６７、１９８５、１９９１年）．分析了严重旱涝的频数分布和空间分布的特征，以及印度洋和太平洋整个赤道地区的ＳＳＴＡ、ＯＬＲ距平场的分布．结果表明旱涝年ＳＳＴＡ、ＯＬＲ距平场均有明显的差异．

关键词： Z指数旱涝前汛期诊断分析

298.2 K四元体系MgCl_(2)+CaCl_(2)+AlCl_(3)+H_(2)O相平衡研究

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矿产保护与利用 2022年第6期42卷 153-158页

作者：何志意方滇东郑秋风任思颖罗军于旭东四川省冶勘设计集团有限公司四川成都610051 成都理工大学材料与化学化工学院四川成都610059

为获取粉煤灰含铝溶浸液中铝与共存钙、镁之间的作用规律,采用等温溶解平衡法开展了298.2 K时四元体系MgCl_(2)+CaCl_(2)+AlCl_(3)+H_(2)O相平衡研究,测定了平衡液相组成及平衡液相密度,同时,绘制了该四元体系的干基相图、水图、密度-... 详细信息

为获取粉煤灰含铝溶浸液中铝与共存钙、镁之间的作用规律,采用等温溶解平衡法开展了298.2 K时四元体系MgCl_(2)+CaCl_(2)+AlCl_(3)+H_(2)O相平衡研究,测定了平衡液相组成及平衡液相密度,同时,绘制了该四元体系的干基相图、水图、密度-组成图。研究发现:298.2 K四元体系MgCl_(2)+CaCl_(2)+AlCl_(3)+H_(2)O稳定相图由2个共饱点、4个结晶区以及5条单变量曲线组成,有复盐溢晶石(2MgCl_(2)·CaCl_(2)·12H_(2)O)生成,为复杂四元体系。4个结晶区分别对应3个单盐结晶区MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O、CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O、AlCl_(3)·6H_(2)O和1个复盐结晶区2MgCl_(2)·CaCl_(2)·12H_(2)O,结晶区按照AlCl_(3)·6H_(2)O、MgCl_(2)·6H_(2)O、CaCl_(2)·6H_(2)O、2MgCl_(2)·CaCl_(2)·12H_(2)O顺序依次减小,对应AlCl_(3)·6H_(2)O溶解度最小,2MgCl_(2)·CaCl_(2)·12H_(2)O溶解度最大。

关键词：相平衡四元体系MgCl_(2)+CaCl_(2)+AlCl_(3)+H_(2)O 溶解度溢晶石

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可控冲击波煤层增透技术在穿层钻孔中的应用

煤炭工程 2023年第6期55卷 73-78页

作者：张迪张永民李建栋任婧赵有志汪峰李克相国能神东煤炭集团有限责任公司陕西榆林719315 西安交通大学电气工程学院陕西西安710049 西安闪光能源科技有限公司陕西西安710000 华能云南滇东能源有限责任公司矿业分公司云南曲靖655500

云贵地区煤炭资源通常为多煤层叠置构造,煤层薄、煤层数量多、层间距近且构造复杂,不具备保护层泄压开采条件,穿层钻孔抽采效率差,迫切需求煤层增透措施。可控冲击波是一种新型煤层增透技术,已在国内北方地区取得了较好的应用效果。针... 详细信息

云贵地区煤炭资源通常为多煤层叠置构造,煤层薄、煤层数量多、层间距近且构造复杂,不具备保护层泄压开采条件,穿层钻孔抽采效率差,迫切需求煤层增透措施。可控冲击波是一种新型煤层增透技术,已在国内北方地区取得了较好的应用效果。针对云贵地区煤层问题,以云南白龙山煤矿C7+8大块煤样为例使用冲击波进行能量优化实验;采用可控冲击波煤层增透技术结合钻孔及煤层条件设计了“煤层增透”和“岩层预裂”的交叉重叠作业模式和作业参数,并开展先导性试验。结果表明:煤层增透采用30 kJ含能棒,岩层预裂采用80 kJ含能棒。煤岩结合部增透的5号钻孔较煤层增透的4号钻孔的抽采浓度提高16.2倍,抽采纯量提高15.8倍,较常规穿层钻孔抽采纯量可提高2.8倍。观测后期5号钻孔整体浓度和流量有增加趋势,说明在煤层中部和煤岩结合处交叉冲击作业起到均衡预裂的作用。

关键词：可控冲击波瓦斯煤层穿层钻孔瓦斯抽采