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中国花椒属(广义)叶表皮特征初步研究

植物分类学报 2008年第4期46卷 628-640页

作者：曹明张奠湘中国科学院华南植物园

利用光镜和扫描电镜对国产花椒属Zanthoxylum s.l.40种(变种)植物的叶表皮形态特征进行了观察。结果发现:无规则型气孔器普遍存在于所有研究种类叶下表皮及个别种类叶上表皮;叶表皮细胞有规则多边形、不规则多边形2种形态;垂周壁式样有... 详细信息

利用光镜和扫描电镜对国产花椒属Zanthoxylum s.l.40种(变种)植物的叶表皮形态特征进行了观察。结果发现:无规则型气孔器普遍存在于所有研究种类叶下表皮及个别种类叶上表皮;叶表皮细胞有规则多边形、不规则多边形2种形态;垂周壁式样有平直、浅波状和深波状3种类型。在扫描电镜下,叶表皮气孔器外拱盖内缘为平滑、浅波状或波状;气孔器附近的角质膜平坦或皱褶,表面光滑或具有各种纹饰。叶表皮形态特征研究结果表明崖椒亚属***与花椒亚属***之间存在有许多的共同点,它们共同组成广义花椒属。文中还对叶表皮特征在花椒属部分种类分类中的应用进行了讨论。

关键词：叶表皮系统学意义花椒属

Phylogenetic and climatic constraints drive flowering phenological patterns in a subtropical nature reserve

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第2期8卷 187-196页

作者： Nan-Cai Pei WJohn Kress Bu-Feng Chen David LErickson Khoon Meng Wong Jin-Long zhang Wan-Hui Ye Zhong-Liang Huang dian-xiang zhang Forest Ecosystem Station of the Pearl River Delta State Forestry AdministrationResearch Institute of Tropical ForestryChinese Academy of Forestry682 Guangshan Road 1Tianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510520China Department of Botany MRC-166National Museum of Natural HistorySmithsonian InstitutionP.O.Box 37012WashingtonDC 20013-7012USA Singapore Botanic Gardens 1 Cluny RoadSingapore 259569Singapore Flora Conservation Department Kadoorie Farm and Botanic GardenLam Kam RoadTai PoNTHongkongChina South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences723 Xingke RoadTianhe DistrictGuangzhou 510650China

Aims Exploring flowering patterns and detecting processes are essential when probing into the nature of reproductive traits during the life history and the interactions among different evolutionary *** patterns are believed to be influenced by many factors,but quantifying these impacts at the community-level remains poorly *** We investigated the flowering patterns based on long-term her-barium records in a given area from subtropical forest regions in southern *** obtained 5258 herbarium voucher specimens collected from the Dinghushan National Nature reserve(DNNr)belonging to 166 families,943 genera and 2059 species and exam-ined the month when each species was flowering during the period *** Findings The results showed that plants flowered sequentially almost through-out the whole year,showing the characteristics of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved *** spectrums of the entire flora and the four life forms exhibited a clear unimodality that is probably typical of subtropical forest *** pat-terns of the DNNr were positively correlated with mean rainfall,mean air temperature and mean sunshine *** flowering dates of the 38 large species-rich families ranged from early april to late august;25 families exhibited significant unimodal distribution patterns,whereas the remaining families were unclear or *** flowering dates of the 10 most species-rich genera ranged from middle may to later *** the results are consist-ent with climatic factors playing a general role in flowering patterns,median flowering dates varied significantly among species-rich families and genera,suggesting that phylogenies could provide spe-cific constraints in subtropical forests.

关键词： environmental driver flowering phenology phylogenetic effect reproductive trait subtropical forest

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濒危植物四药门花的自花授粉

植物分类学报 2008年第5期46卷 651-657页

作者：顾垒张奠湘中国科学院华南植物园广州510650 中国科学院研究生院北京100049

观测了四药门花Loropetalum subcordatum的开花物候、开花动态和访花者;对其花粉组织化学、花粉胚珠比和花粉活力进行了检测;通过人工控制授粉实验检测了其繁育系统;使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了自花花粉在柱头上的萌发情况并使用荧... 详细信息

观测了四药门花Loropetalum subcordatum的开花物候、开花动态和访花者;对其花粉组织化学、花粉胚珠比和花粉活力进行了检测;通过人工控制授粉实验检测了其繁育系统;使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了自花花粉在柱头上的萌发情况并使用荧光显微镜观察了花粉管在花柱中的生长情况。结果表明:四药门花花期为9月至次年2月,其中9–10月为开花高峰期;单花花期4–6d;雌蕊先熟,开花时柱头即有活性,并持续到花谢;花药于开花后12–24h内开裂,并能直接落置自花柱头;离体花粉寿命约26h,花粉为非淀粉型,花粉胚珠比为8420±720.86(n=10);无花蜜分泌。未观察到任何外来的访花者,仅见到生活在头状花序中的蓟马Thrips sp.,且未见到蓟马在花间积极迁飞,表明蓟马不是其有效的传粉者。无处理套网和辅助异株授粉的结实率(5.30%±1.83%/6.67%±1.91%)与自然对照(4.79%±1.45%)差异均不显著(P=0.847/0.616),扫描电镜观察证明自花花粉能在柱头上顺利萌发,荧光显微镜观察证明花粉管能在24h内生长到花柱基部,说明四药门花是自花传粉,不存在无融合生殖。四药门花存在雌蕊先熟现象并且仍有异交可能,说明其祖先类型曾经是异交植物。花谢后子房于次年夏天才开始膨大而果实于10月间开花高峰期后成熟,说明存在胚发育延迟的现象。本文还讨论了金缕梅科Hamamelidaceae中自花传粉由蝇类传粉演化而来的可能性。

关键词：自花传粉金缕梅科四药门花

Global Stability of a Viral Infection Model with Defectively Infected Cells and Latent Age

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B 2024年第4期45卷 555-572页

作者： Jianquan LI Yuming CHEN Peijun zhang dian zhang School of Computer Science Xijing University Department of Mathematics Wilfrid Laurier University Xi'an Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Integration and Control Technology for Intelligent Rehabilitation Xijing University Equal contributor.Department of Immunology Xi'an Medical University

The authors propose and analyze a viral infection model with defectively infected cells and age of the latently infected cells. The existence of steady states is determined by the basic reproduction number of virus. With the Lyapunov's direct method, they establish a threshold dynamics of the model with the basic reproduction number of virus as the threshold parameter. To achieve it, a novel procedure is proposed. Its novelties are two-folded. On one hand, the coefficients involved in the specific forms of the used Lyapunov functionals for the two feasible steady states are determined by the same set of inequalities. On the other hand, for the infection steady state, a new approach is proposed to check whether the derivative of the Lyapunov functional candidate along solutions is negative(semi-)definite or not. This procedure not only simplifies the analysis but also exhibits the relationship between the two Lyapunov functionals for the two feasible steady states. Moreover, the procedure is expected to be applicable for other similar models.

关键词： Age structure Basic reproduction number Equilibrium Global stability Lyapunov direct method Viral infection model

Mussaenda lancipetala ***&***,a new species of Rubiaceae from China

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植物分类学报 2008年第2期46卷 220-225页

作者：邓小芳张奠湘中国科学院华南植物园

报道了在云南发现的玉叶金花属Mussaenda一新种——狭瓣玉叶金花M. lancipetala X. F. Deng & D. X. zhang。狭瓣玉叶金花的性系统为柱头缩入式雌雄异位; 花冠裂片卵状披针形且具有细长的长尖头, 花冠管外被有粉末状的毛被, 可以很容易... 详细信息

报道了在云南发现的玉叶金花属Mussaenda一新种——狭瓣玉叶金花M. lancipetala X. F. Deng & D. X. zhang。狭瓣玉叶金花的性系统为柱头缩入式雌雄异位; 花冠裂片卵状披针形且具有细长的长尖头, 花冠管外被有粉末状的毛被, 可以很容易与玉叶金花属其他种类相区别。

关键词：玉叶金花属狭瓣玉叶金花新种花粉形态学性系统分类学

Dual-ion carrier storage through Mg^(2+) addition for high-energy and long-life zinc-ion hybrid capacitor

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2024年第1期31卷 179-185页

作者： Junjie zhang xiang Wu School of Materials Science and Engineering Shenyang University of TechnologyShenyang 110870China

Cation additives can efficiently enhance the total electrochemical capabilities of zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs).However their energy storage mechanisms in zinc-based systems are still under ***,we modulate the electrolyte and achieve dual-ion storage by adding magnesium *** we assemble several Zn//activated carbon devices with different electrolyte concentrations and investigate their electrochemical reaction dynamic *** zinc-ion capacitor with Mg^(2+)mixed solution delivers 82 mAh·g^(-1)capacity at 1 A·g^(-1) and maintains 91%of the original capacitance after 10000 *** is superior to the other assembled zinc-ion devices in single-component *** finding demonstrates that the double-ion storage mechanism enables the superior rate performance and long cycle lifetime of ZHCs.

关键词： zinc-ion hybrid capacitor MgSO_(4) electrolyte rate performance storage mechanism

Experimentally Ruling Out Joint Reality Based on Locality with Device-Independent Steering

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第1期41卷 1-5页

作者： Shuaining zhang xiang zhang Zhiyue Zheng Wei zhang Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing 100193China Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials and Micro-nano Devices Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation(Ministry of Education) Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

As an essential concept to understand the world,whether the real values(or physical realities)of observables are suitable to physical systems beyond the classic has been debated for many *** standard nogo results based on Bell inequalities have ruled out the joint reality of incompatible quantum observables,the possibility of giving simple yet strong arguments to rule out joint reality in any physical system(not necessarily quantum)with weaker assumptions and less observables has been explored and proposed ***,we perform a device-independent experiment on a two-qubit superconducting system to show that the joint reality of two observables is incompatible with locality under the weaker assumption of the reality of observables in a single space-time region(or single qubit).Our results clearly show the violation of certain inequalities derived from both linear and nonlinear *** addition,we study the robustness of the linear and nonlinear criterion against the effect of systematic *** demonstration opens up the possibility of delineating classical and non-classical boundaries with simpler nontrivial quantum system.

关键词： observable quantum system

Three-dimensional porous bimetallic metal–organic framework/gelatin aerogels: A readily recyclable peroxymonosulfate activator for efficient and continuous organic dye removal

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第7期71卷 193-202页

作者： Wenlong xiang Xian zhang Rou Xiao Yanhui zhang College of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and EnvironmentFujian Province Key Laboratory of Morden Analytical Science and Separation TechnologyMinnan Normal UniversityZhangzhou 363000China Fujian Provincial University Key Laboratory of Pollution Monitoring and Control Minnan Normal UniversityZhangzhou 363000China

As promising catalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants,metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)often face limitations due to the particle agglomeration and challenging recovery in liquid-catalysis application,stemming from their powdery *** macroscopic structures from pulverous MOF is thus of great importance for broadening their practical *** this study,three-dimensional porous MOF aerogel catalysts were successfully fabricated for degrading organic dyes by activating peroxymonosulfate(PMS).MOF/gelatin aerogel(MOF/GA)catalysts were prepared by directly integrating bimetallic FeCo-BDC with gelatin solutions,followed by freeze-drying and low-temperature *** FeCo-BDC-0.15/GA/PMS system exhibited remarkable performance in degrading various organic dyes,eliminating 99.2%of rhodamine B within a mere 5 *** to the GA/PMS system,there was over a 300-fold increase in the reaction rate ***,high removal efficiency was maintained across varying conditions,including different solution pH,co-existing inorganic anions,and natural water *** trapping experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis revealed that the degradation involved radical(SO_(4)^(-)·)and non-radical routes(^(1)O_(2)),of which ^(1)O_(2) was ***,even after a continuous 400-min reaction in a fixed-bed reactor at a liquid hourly space velocity of 27 h^(-1),the FeCo-BDC/GA composite sustained a degradation efficiency exceeding 98.7%.This work presents highly active MOF-gelatin aerogels for dye degradation and expands the potential for their large-scale,continuous treatment application in organic dye wastewater management.

关键词： Catalyst Environment Wastewater Metal–organic framework Gelatin aerogel Peroxymonosulfate

Pre-combustion mercury removal with co-production of hydrogen via coal electrolysis

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 382-389页

作者： xiang Lyu Runming Tao Tianyu zhang Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department Ohio University165 Stocker CenterAthensOH45701USA Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN37831USA Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution College of Environmental Science and EngineeringBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control&Eco-remediation College of Environmental Science and EngineeringBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China

Pre-combustion mercury removal via coal electrolysis was performed and investigated on a bench-scale coal electrolytic cell(CEC)systemically,and factorial design was used to determine the effect of different operating conditions(coal particle size,operating temperature,operating cell voltage,and flow rate of slurry)on the percentage of mercury removal,percentage of ash removal,and dry heating value *** results showed that the operating cell voltage,as well as the interaction between operating cell voltage and coal particle size,are significant factors in the percentage of mercury *** is no significant factor in the percentage of ash removal and the dry heating value change,but the coal could be purified while keeping the dry heating value almost constant after electrolysis.A co-product of hydrogen could be produced during coal electrolysis with 50%lower energy consumption compared with water ***,a mechanism for mercury removal in coal was *** facts indicate that coal electrolysis is a promising method for precombustion mercury removal.

关键词： Pre-combustion mercury removal Coal electrolysis Ash removal Dry heating value Hydrogen production