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Design method and experimental study of a cathode tool with an extremely high leveling ratio for electrochemical machining of blisk

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第4期37卷 593-608页

作者： Moqi SHEN Jia LIU Jingtao WANG di zhu College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

To obtain final parts with the desired dimensional accuracy and repeatability via electrochemical machining(ECM), the machining process must enter an ECM balanced state. However,for the ECM processing of blisk, a key component of aerospace engines, the surface of the blade blank often has an uneven allowance distribution due to the narrow passage of the cascade. It is difficult to remedy this issue in subsequent processing steps, which is necessary to ensure the dimensional accuracy and repeatability of the final blade profile. To solve this problem, electrolytic machining must be preceded by electrolytic shaping, which requires cathode tools with large leveling ratios to quickly homogenize the blank surface of the blade. In this study, to obtain a cathode tool with an extremely high leveling ratio, a design method based on the variation in the electrode gap in the non-equilibrium electrolytic state is proposed, and a dissolution model based on the nonequilibrium state is established. In this design method, the allowance on the blank to be machined is first divided into many discrete allowances with the normal direction. The initial machining clearance, feed rate, and total machining time are then calculated using classical ECM equilibrium state theory based on the maximum allowance. Meanwhile, the point coordinates of the cathode tool at maximum allowance can be determined. The non-equilibrium model can then be used to calculate the relative coordinate positions corresponding to the remaining discrete allowances. Finally, the entire cathode tool profile is designed. Simulations, fundamental experiments, and blisk unit workpiece experiments were carried out to validate the design approach. In the simulated processing of the plane workpiece, the leveling ratio of the cathode tool designed by the proposed method(0.77)was 83% higher than that of the cathode tool designed using the traditional method. The simulation results were confirmed by processing experiments. In the machining of blisk unit workpieces with compl

关键词： Electrochemical machining(ECM) Non-equilibrium machining Large leveling ratios Cathode design Finite element simulation Blisk

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Silencing of Jumonji domain-containing 1C inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via nuclear factor-κB signaling

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第2期16卷 151-162页

作者： Jing-Yi Li Ting-Ting Wang Li Ma Yu Zhang di zhu Department of Medical Cosmetology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China Department of General Gerontology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450052Henan ProvinceChina Department of Plastic Surgery China-Japan Friendship HospitalBeijing 100029China Senior Department of Hematology The Fifth Medical CentreGeneral Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation ArmyBeijing 100071China Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China

BACKGROUND Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder induced by an imbalance between osteoclastic activity and osteogenic activity.During osteoporosis,bone mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)exhibit an increased ability to differentiate into adipocytes and a decreased ability to differentiate into osteoblasts,resulting in bone loss.Jumonji domain-containing 1C(JMJD1C)has been demonstrated to suppress osteoclastogenesis.AIM To examine the effect of JMJD1C on the osteogenesis of BMSCs and the potential underlying mechanism.METHODS BMSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow tissues.Oil Red O staining,Alizarin red staining,alkaline phosphatase staining and the expression of adipo-genic and osteogenic-associated genes were assessed to determine the differen-tiation of BMSCs.Bone marrow-derived macrophages(BMMs)were incubated with receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaΒligand to induce osteoclast differentiation,and osteoclast differen-tiation was confirmed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining.Other related genes were measured via reverse transcription coupled to the quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure the levels of inflammatory cytokines,including tumor necrosis factor alpha,interleukin-6 and interleukin-1 beta.RESULTS The osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation potential of BMSCs isolated from mouse bone marrow samples was evaluated.JMJD1C mRNA and protein expression was upregulated in BMSCs after osteoblast induction,while p-nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)and inflammatory cytokines were not significantly altered.Knockdown of JMJD1C repressed osteogenic differentiation and enhanced NF-κB activation and inflammatory cytokine release in BMSCs.Moreover,JMJD1C expression decreased during BMM osteoclast differentiation.CONCLUSION The JMJD1C/NF-κB signaling pathway is potentially involved in BMSC osteogenic differentiation and may play vital roles in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis.

关键词： Osteoporosis Mesenchymal stem cells Osteogenesis Jumonji domain-containing 1C Nuclear factor-κB

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Bioinspired Stretchable MXene Deformation-Insensitive Hydrogel Temperature Sensors for Plant and Skin Electronics

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Research 2024年第1期2023卷 389-401页

作者： Jun Wu Yinghui Li Shengshun Duan Zhehan Wang Xu Jing Yucheng Lin di zhu Wei Lei Qiongfeng Shi Li Tao Joint International Research Laboratory of Information display and Visualization School of Electronic Science and EngineeringSoutheast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China School of Materials Science and Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China Center of 2D Materials and Devices Southeast UniversityNanjingJiangsu 210096China

Temperature sensing is of high value in the wearable healthcare,robotics/prosthesis,and noncontact physiological monitoring.However,the common mechanic deformation,including pressing,bending,and stretching,usually causes undesirable feature size changes to the inner conductive network distribution of temperature sensors,which seriously influences the accuracy.Here,inspired by the transient receptor potential mechanism of biological thermoreceptors that could work precisely under various skin contortions,we propose an MXene/Clay/poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)(PNIPAM)(MCP)hydrogel with high stretchability,spike response,and deformation insensitivity.The dynamic spike response is triggered by the inner conductive network transformation from the 3-dimensional structure to the 2-dimensional surface after water being discharged at the threshold temperature.The water discharge is solely determined by the thermosensitivity of PNIPAM,which is free from mechanical deformation,so the MCP hydrogels can perform precise threshold temperature(32℃)sensing under various deformation conditions,i.e.,pressing and 15%stretching.As a proof of concept,we demonstrated the applications in plant electronics for the real-time surface temperature monitoring and skin electronics for communicating between human and machines.Our research opens venues for the accurate temperature-threshold sensation on the complicated surface and mechanical conditions.

关键词： stretching proof precise

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A pilot study of the differentiated landscape of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from children with incomplete versus complete Kawasaki disease

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 189-200页

作者： Shu-Na Sun Yan Zhou Xing Fu Yuan-Zheng Zheng Cao Xie Guo-You Qin Fang Liu Chen Chu Feng Wang Cheng-Long Liu Qing-Tong Zhou De-Hua Yang di zhu Ming-Wei Wang Yong-Hao Gui Children's Hospital of Fudan University National Children's Medical CenterShanghai 201102China The National Center for Drug Screening Shanghai Institute of Materia MedicaChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201203China Accuramed Technology(Shanghai)Ltd. Shanghai 200233China School of Pharmacy Fudan UniversityShanghai 201203China School of Public Health Fudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Research Center for Deepsea Bioresources Sanya 572025China Department of Chemistry School of ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyo 113-0033Japan School of Pharmacy Hainan Medical UniversityHaikou 570288China

Kawasaki disease(KD)is a disorder of immune responses.The prevalence of KD among 100,000 children aged 0-4 years was 71.9-110.0 in China,170.9-194.9 in Korea,and 18.1-21.3 in the USA[1].The most severe complication of KD is coronary artery lesions(CALs),including coronary dilatation and coronary aneurysms,which may even lead to myocardial ischemia,myocardial infarction,and sudden death.

关键词： coronary ischemia differentiated

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CMAES-WFD:Adversarial Website Fingerprinting Defense Based on Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第5期79卷 2253-2276页

作者： di Wang Yuefei zhu Jinlong Fei Maohua Guo School of Cyberspace Security Information Engineering UniversityZhengzhou450000China

Website fingerprinting,also known asWF,is a traffic analysis attack that enables local eavesdroppers to infer a user’s browsing destination,even when using the Tor anonymity network.While advanced attacks based on deep neural network(DNN)can performfeature engineering and attain accuracy rates of over 98%,research has demonstrated thatDNNis vulnerable to adversarial samples.As a result,many researchers have explored using adversarial samples as a defense mechanism against DNN-based WF attacks and have achieved considerable success.However,these methods suffer from high bandwidth overhead or require access to the target model,which is unrealistic.This paper proposes CMAES-WFD,a black-box WF defense based on adversarial samples.The process of generating adversarial examples is transformed into a constrained optimization problem solved by utilizing the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy(CMAES)optimization algorithm.Perturbations are injected into the local parts of the original traffic to control bandwidth overhead.According to the experiment results,CMAES-WFD was able to significantly decrease the accuracy of Deep Fingerprinting(DF)and VarCnn to below 8.3%and the bandwidth overhead to a maximum of only 14.6%and 20.5%,respectively.Specially,for Automated Website Fingerprinting(AWF)with simple structure,CMAES-WFD reduced the classification accuracy to only 6.7%and the bandwidth overhead to less than 7.4%.Moreover,it was demonstrated that CMAES-WFD was robust against adversarial training to a certain extent.

关键词： Traffic analysis deep neural network adversarial sample Tor website fingerprinting

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Flow field design and experimental investigation of electrochemical machining on blisk

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2022年第8期35卷 295-303页

作者： Jianwei GUO Dong zhu di zhu College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

Flow field is a crucial factor to influence the stability and surface quality in the electrochemical machining(ECM)of blisks.A four-way flow mode was proposed to eliminate mixing regions of electrolyte at the leading and tailing edges.Two flow field models were described separately in this report:a W-shaped flow mode and a four-way flow mode.The flow field was analyzed through a finite element method.The results showed that,in comparison with the W-shaped flow mode,the distribution of electrolyte flow was more uniformed and the mixed region in the flow channel was improved.The pressure of the leading and tailing edges inlets was optimized,and optimal pressure of 0.6 MPa was determined.In addition,verification experiments were performed,and the results showed that the stability,efficiency,and quality of the profiles of the blisk blade manufactured by ECM were enhanced in the new flow mode.

关键词： Blisk Electrochemical machining Electrolyte Flow field Surface quality

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Elemental Compositions of Clinopyroxenes from Southern Okinawa Trough Basalt:Implications for Magmatism and Structural Environment in an Initial Back-Arc Basin

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Journal of Ocean University of China 2024年第3期23卷 643-653页

作者： GUO Kun ZHAI Shikui FAN di ZHANG Xia ZHANG Yu zhu Zhimin Laoshan Laboratory Qingdao 266237China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques Ministry of EducationCollege of Marine GeosciencesOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Key Laboratory of Submarine Geosciences&Second Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesHangzhou 310012China

The major and trace elemental compositions of clinopyroxene from basalt were used to characterize the nature of the primitive magma and structural environment beneath the southern Okinawa Trough(SOT),which is an initial back-arc basin at a continental margin.The clinopyroxenes in the basalt were augite with variable Mg^(#)contents(73.37-78.22).The regular variations in major oxide contents(i.e.,CaO,FeO,TiO_(2),and Cr)with decreasing Mg#implied that the clinopyroxenes evolved from being enriched in Mg,Ca,and Cr to being enriched in Fe and Ti.The clinopyroxenes had relatively low rare earth element concentrations(7.51×10^(-6) to 12.68×10^(-6))and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.67-0.95).The Kd_(cpx) values of clinopyroxenes(0.2-0.26),which were used to examine whether the clinopyroxene was equilibrated with its host basalt,demonstrate that these clinopyroxene phenocrysts were not captured crystals but were instead produced by crystallization differentiation of the magma.The calculated clinopyroxene crystallization temperatures showed a narrow range of 990-1061℃,and their crystallization pressures ranged from 2.0 to 3.2 kbar.The geochemistry features of these clinopyroxenes indicated that the parent magma belonged to the subalkaline tholeiitic magma series and suggested that the magma experienced crystallization differentiation of olivine,plagioclase,and clinopyroxene,where the crystallization of plagioclase occurred earlier than that of clinopyroxene.Combined with geophysical data,this research on primitive magma and its crystallization differentiation from clinopyroxene indicates that the SOT is in the stage of‘seafloor spreading’and that basaltic rocks produced from tholeiitic magma represent the generation of oceanic crust.

关键词： trace elements clinopyroxenes southern Okinawa Trough seafloor spreading back-arc basin

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Unconventional Fluorescent and Multi-responsive Polysiloxane:Synthesis,Characterization and Biological Applications

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2024年第5期42卷 579-590,I0006页

作者： Xiao-di Li Shu-Sheng Li Xu-Bao Jiang Xiao-Li zhu Xiang Zheng Kong College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering University of JinanJinan250022China College of Chemical Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin300072China Foshan(Southern China)Institute for New Materials Foshan528200China

Owing to their high significance in fundamental study and diverse applications,stimuli-responsive and fluorescent polymers,particularly those with cluster-triggered emission(CTE)featured by non-conjugated chromophores,have drawn tremendous attention in recent years.In this work,fluorescent and multi-responsive polysiloxane(FRPS)was synthesized by hydrolytic condensation polymerization of 3-aminopropyl methyl diethoxysilane(APMS)with 3-(N-isopropyl propionamide)iminopropyl methyl diethoxysilane(APMS-NIP),which was formed in situ through aza-Michael addition between APMS and N-isopropyl acrylamide.FRPS was not only highly sensitive to temperature,pH and CO_(2) in water,but also showed an enhanced and stimuli-adjustable fluorescence emission.The effects of monomer feeding,pH and CO_(2) on its lower critical solution temperature and fluorescent property were investigated.FRPS fluorescence emission was ascribed to CTE mechanism.In addition,FRPS was shown to be highly potential as physiological indicator for cell imaging,and for controlled release and trace detection of doxorubicin.This study provides therefore a type of stimuli-responsive and fluorescent material for potential applications in biomedical fields,and it is also of great significance for understanding of the fluorescence mechanism of polysiloxane-based stimuli-responsive polymers.

关键词： Polysiloxane Multi-responsiveness Cluster-triggered emission Cell imaging Controlled drug release

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Improving profile accuracy and surface quality of blisk by electrochemical machining with a micro inter-electrode gap

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2023年第4期36卷 523-537页

作者： Jingtao WANG Zhengyang XU di zhu College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing 210016China

Electrochemical machining(ECM)has emerged as an important option for manufacturing the blisk.The inter-electrode gap(IEG)distribution is an essential parameter for the blisk precise shap-ing process in ECM,as it affects the process stability,profile accuracy and surface quality.Larger IEG leads to a poor localization effect and has an adverse influence on the machining accuracy and surface quality of blisk.To achieve micro-IEG(ding/trailing edges was limited to within 91 ***-pared with the currently-established process,the profile accuracy of the blade’s concave and convex profiles was improved by 50.5%and 53.3%,respectively.The surface quality was improved by 53.2%and 50.9%,respectively.Additionally,the machined surface was covered with small corrosion pits and weak attacks of the grain boundary due to selective dissolution.Some electrolytic products were dispersed on the machined surface,and their components were mainly composed of the carbide and oxide products of Ti and Nb elements.The results indicate that the variable-parameters strategy is effective for achieving a tiny IEG in blisk ECM,which can be used in engineering practice.

关键词： Electrochemical machining Blisk IEG Machining quality Surface quality

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AKT2^(S128)/CCTα^(S315/319/323)-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) mediate focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors resistance via secreting phosphatidylcholines (PCs)

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2024年第2期9卷 782-796页

作者： Jie Chen Lingyuan Zhang Yuheng zhu di Zhao Jing Zhang Yanmeng zhu Jingyuan Pang Yuanfan Xiao Qingnan Wu Yan Wang Qimin Zhan Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research(Ministry of Education/Beijing) Laboratory of Molecular OncologyPeking University Cancer Hospital&Institute100142 BeijingChina Peking University International Cancer Institute Peking University100191 BeijingChina Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina Soochow University Cancer Institute Suzhou 215000China Institute of Cancer Research Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen 518107China

Abnormal metabolism is regarded as an oncogenic hallmark related to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance.Present study employed multi-omics,including phosphoproteomics,untargeted metabolomics and lipidomics,to demonstrate that the pAKT2 Ser128 and pCCTαSer315/319/323-positive cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)substantially release phosphatidylcholines(PCs),contributing to the resistance of focal adhesion kinase(FAK)inhibitors in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC)treatment.Additionally,we observed extremely low levels of FAK Tyr397 expression in CAFs,potentially offering no available target for FAK inhibitors playing their anti-growth role in CAFs.Consequently,FAK inhibitor increased the intracellular concentration of Ca2+in CAFs,promoting the formation of AKT2/CCTαcomplex,leading to phosphorylation of CCTαSer315/319/323 sites and eventually enhancing stromal PC production.This activation could stimulate the intratumoral Janus kinase 2(JAK2)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)pathway,triggering resistance to FAK inhibition.Analysis of clinical samples demonstrated that stromal pAKT2 Ser128 and pCCTαSer315/319/323 are related to the tumor malignancy and reduced patient survival.Pseudo-targeted lipidomics and further validation cohort quantitatively showed that plasma PCs enable to distinguish the malignant extent of ESCC patients.In conclusion,inhibition of stroma-derived PCs and related pathway could be possible therapeutic strategies for tumor therapy.

关键词： CAFs metabolism resistance

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