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Characterization and Modeling of Urban Water Quality in the City of Calgary, Canada

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Natural Resources 2017年第8期8卷 513-530页

作者： dhiraj Shrestha Jianxun He Civil Engineering Schulich School of Engineering University of Calgary Calgary Canada

Non-point source pollution (NPS) besides point source pollution (PS) has contributed to pollutant loading into natural receiving water bodies. Due to the nature of NPS, the quantification of pollutant loading from NPS is very challenging but crucial to riverine water quality management, especially for the river reach flowing through urban areas. The water quality in the river reach of the Bow River flowing through the City of Calgary in Alberta, Canada, is affected by both PS and NPS. Thus, understanding and characterizing water quality of discharges (affected by NPS) into the river reach is necessary for better managing riverine water quality and preventing water quality degradation. In the paper, monitored event mean concentrations (EMCs) of stormwater runoff and mean concentrations of snowmelt and baseflow of seven common pollutants from sub-catchments, which are categorized into four land use types including commercial, industrial, residential and on-going development land uses, were used to investigate the linkage between land use and water quality. Statistical analysis techniques were adopted to identify differences or similarities in water quality among different flow types, different land use types, and among/between catchments of same land use. The results indicated that EMCs of many water quality parameters vary among different land use types and among/between catchments of same land use. The results also showed median EMCs of pollutants of snowmelt and baseflow are, in general, lower than those of stormwater runoff. In addition, Stormwater Management Model was employed to investigate the physical process that would affect water quality response to storm events for two typical land uses, industrial and residential land uses. The modeling results supported that wash-off of particulate matters might primarily affect water quality response of catchments between different land uses. All the results shed the light on the necessity of quantifying pollutant loadi

关键词： Stormwater Runoff Event Mean Concentration Land Use Statistical Analysis Stormwater Management Modeling

Portal hypertension in polycystic liver disease patients does not affect wait-list or immediate post-liver transplantation outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第45期22卷 9966-9973页

作者： Neil Rajoriya dhiraj Tripathi Joanna A Leithead Bridget K Gunson Sophie Lord James W Ferguson Gideon M Hirschfield Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital Centre for Liver Research NIHR Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit University of Birmingham

AIM To establish the impact of portal hypertension(PH) on wait-list/post-transplant outcomes in patients with polycystic liver disease(PCLD) listed for liver transplantation. METHODS A retrospective single-centre case controlled study of consecutive patients listed for liver transplantation over 12 years was performed from our centre. PH in the PCLD cohort was defined by the one or more of following parameters:(1) presence of radiological or endoscopic documented varices from our own centre or the referral centre;(2) splenomegaly(> 11 cm) on radiology inabsence of splenic cysts accounting for increased imaging size;(3) thrombocytopenia(platelets < 150 × 109/L); or(4) ascites without radiological evidence of hepatic venous outflow obstruction from a single cyst. RESULTS Forty-seven PCLD patients(F: M = 42: 5) were listed for liver transplantation(LT)(single organ, n = 35; combined liver-kidney transplantation, n = 12) with 19 patients(40.4%) having PH. When comparing the PH group with non-PH group, the mean listing age(PH group, 50.6(6.4); non-PH group, 47.1(7.4) years; P = 0.101), median listing MELD(PH group, 12; non-PH group, 11; P = 0.422) median listing UKELD score(PH group, 48; non-PH group, 46; P = 0.344) and need for renal replacement therapy(P = 0.317) were similar. In the patients who underwent LT alone, there was no difference in the duration of ICU stay(PH, 3 d; non-PH, 2 d; P = 0.188), hospital stay length(PH, 9 d; non-PH, 10 d; P = 0.973), or frequency of renal replacement therapy(PH, 2/8; non-PH, 1/14; P = 0.121) in the immediate post-transplantation period. CONCLUSION Clinically apparent portal hypertension in patients with PCLD listed for liver transplantation does not appear to have a major impact on wait-list or peri-transplant morbidity.

关键词： Polycystic liver disease Portal hypertension Liver transplantation

Magnetic and optical properties of NaGdF4：Nd^3＋, Yb^3＋, Tm^3＋ nanocrystals with upconversion/downconversion luminescence from visible to the near-infrared second window

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Nano Research 2015年第2期8卷 636-648页

作者： Xianwen Zhang Zhi Zhao Xin Zhang David B. Cordes Brandon Weeks Bensheng Qiu Kailasnath Madanan dhiraj Sardar Jharna Chaudhuri Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79409 USA Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale Hefei Anhui 230026 China Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79409 USA Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry Texas Tech University Lubbock Texas 79409 USA EaStCHEM School of Chemistry University of St. Andrews St. Andrews KY16 9ST UK School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui 230026 China Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio Texas 78249 USA International School of Photonics Cochin University of Science and Technology Kochi 682022 India

We have designed and synthesized NaGdF4：Nd^3＋, Yb^3＋, Tm^3＋. magnetic nano- phosphors with combined dual-mode downconversion （DC） and upconversion （UC） photoluminescence upon 800 run excitation. Hexagonal-phase NaGdF4：Nd^3＋, Yb^3＋, Tm^3＋ nanocrystals （NCs） with an average size of 21 nm were synthesized using a solvothermal approach. Nd^3＋, Yb^3＋, Tm^3＋ triple-doped NaGdF4 NCs exhibit a broad range of photoluminescence peaks covering a near infrared first/second window （860-900, 1,000, and 1,060 nm）, and visible emission including blue （475 nm）, green （520 and 542 nm） and yellow （587 nm） after excitation at 800 nm. A mechanism involving circulation of energy over Gd^3＋ sublattices as bridge ions and final trapping by the initial activator ions （Nd^3＋） has been proposed. Penetration depth studies indicate that NIR emission is easily detected even at a large tissue thickness of 10 mm. These paramagnetic nanophosphors demonstrate a large magnetization value of 1.88 emu/g at 20 kOe and longitudinal relaxivity value of 1.2537 mM-1.S-1 as a Tl-weighted magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent. These NaGdF4：Nd^3＋, Yb^3＋ Tm^3＋ NCs are promising for applications in biological and magnetic resonance imaging.

关键词： near-infrared second window photoluminescence energy transfer nanocrystals

Non-selective beta-blockers in cirrhosis:Current concepts and controversies

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World Journal of Pharmacology 2016年第1期5卷 15-31页

作者： Neil Rajoriya dhiraj Tripathi Department of Hepatology the New Queen Elizabeth Hospital

Non-selective beta-blockers(NSBBs) have been at the forefront in the management of portal hypertension in liver cirrhosis for the last three decades, a trusty component in the armamentarium of the Hepatologist. The role of beta-blockers has been cemented for years in cardiac disease including angina, hypertension and in heart failure, however NSBBs with their non-selective effects on β1 and β2 receptors have led to them fondly being termed "the hepatologist's aspirin". NSBBs' role in reduction of portal pressure in the setting of primary and secondary prophylaxis for variceal haemorrhage has been well established. NSBBs include propranolol, nadolol and carvedilol- with the latter having been shown to be effective in patients who often fail to demonstrate a haemodynamic response to propranolol. Recent observational studies however have served for the Hepatology community to question the beneficial role of NSBBs in portal hypertension, especially in advanced cases with refractory ascites. The deleterious effect in patients with refractory ascites in a few studies led to a U-turn in clinical practice, with some in the Hepatology community withdrawing their usage in patients with advanced cirrhosis. This also led to the "window hypothesis" suggesting there may be only be a finite time frame when NSBBs have a beneficial effect in portal hypertension. The window hypothesis proposed the window for the benefits of NSBBs is closed in early portal hypertension, opening as portal hypertension progresses with it closing in advanced liver disease. The window was proposed to close in conditions such as refractory ascites or spontaneous bacterial peritonitis when patients may not necessarily mount a compensatory haemodynamic response when on NSBBs. Some centres however have continued the practice of NSBBs in advanced cirrhosis with published data challenging the scepticisms of other groups who stop NSBBs. Thus the debate, like the window hypothesis has opened, with more questions

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Non-selective betablockers Portal hypertension Liver cirrhosis

Clinical outcomes of isolated renal failure compared to other forms of organ failure in patients with severe acute pancreatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第29期23卷 5431-5437页

作者： Amir Gougol Mohannad Dugum Anwar Dudekula Phil Greer Adam Slivka David C Whitcomb dhiraj Yadav Georgios I Papachristou Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh

To assess differences in clinical outcomes of isolated renal failure (RF) compared to other forms of organ failure (OF) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). METHODSUsing a prospectively maintained database of patients with acute pancreatitis admitted to a tertiary medical center between 2003 and 2016, those with evidence of persistent OF were classified to renal, respiratory, cardiovascular, or multi-organ (2 or more organs). Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, etiology of acute pancreatitis, and clinical outcomes were prospectively recorded. Differences in clinical outcomes after development of isolated RF in comparison to other forms of OF were determined using independent t and Mann-Whitney U tests for continues variables, and χ2 test for discrete variables. RESULTSAmong 500 patients with acute pancreatitis, 111 patients developed persistent OF: mean age was 54 years, and 75 (67.6%) were male. Forty-three patients had isolated OF: 17 (15.3%) renal, 25 (21.6%) respiratory, and 1 (0.9%) patient with cardiovascular failure. No differences in demographics, etiology of acute pancreatitis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome scores, or development of pancreatic necrosis were seen between patients with isolated RF vs isolated respiratory failure. Patients with isolated RF were less likely to require nutritional support (76.5% vs 96%, P = 0.001), ICU admission (58.8% vs 100%, P = 0.001), and had shorter mean ICU stay (2.4 d vs 15.7 d, P < 0.001), compared to isolated respiratory failure. None of the patients with isolated RF or isolated respiratory failure died. CONCLUSIONAmong patients with SAP per the Revised Atlanta Classification, approximately 15% develop isolated RF. This subgroup seems to have a less protracted clinical course compared to other forms of OF. Isolated RF might be weighed less than isolated respiratory failure in risk predictive modeling of acute pancreatitis.

关键词： Renal failure Respiratory failure Organ failure Acute pancreatitis Clinical outcomes

Coexistent alcohol-related cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis have a comparable phenotype to either disease alone:A comparative retrospective analysis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第3期15卷 431-440页

作者： Michael Lu Yujie Sun Robert Feldman Melissa Saul Andrew Althouse Gavin Arteel dhiraj Yadav Department of Medicine University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States Department of Medicine Center for Research on Health Care DataPittsburghPA 15213United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatologyand NutritionUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPA 15213United States

BACKGROUND Alcohol use disorder is a prevalent disease in the United *** is a well-demonstrated cause of recurrent and long-standing liver and pancreatic injury which can lead to alcohol-related liver cirrhosis(ALC)and chronic pancreatitis(ACP).ALC and ACP are associated with significant healthcare utilization,cost burden,and *** prevalence of coexistent disease(CD)ranges widely in the literature and the intersection between ALC and ACP is inconsistently *** such,the clinical profile of coexistent ALC and ACP remains poorly *** hypothesized that patients with CD have a worse phenotype when compared to single organ *** To compare the clinical profile and outcomes of patients with CD from those with ALC or ACP *** In this retrospective comparative analysis,we reviewed international classi-fication of disease 9/10 codes and electronic health records of adult patients with verified ALC Only(n=135),ACP Only(n=87),and CD(n=133)who received care at UPMC Presbyterian-Shadyside *** was defined by histology,imaging or clinical evidence of cirrhosis or hepatic *** was defined by imaging findings of pancreatic calcifications,moderate-severe pancreatic duct dilatation,irregularity or *** compared demographics,pertinent clinical variables,healthcare utilization,and mortality for patients with CD with those who had single organ *** Compared to CD or ACP Only,patients with ALC Only were more likely to be older,Caucasian,have higher body mass index,and Hepatitis B or C *** patients(vs ALC Only)were less likely to have imaging evidence of cirrhosis and portal hypertension despite possessing similar MELD-Na and Child C scores at the most recent *** patients(vs ACP Only)were less likely to have acute or recurrent acute pancreatitis,diabetes mellitus,insulin use,oral pancreatic enzyme therapy,and need for endoscopic therapy or pancreatic *** number of hospitalizati

关键词： Alcohol Cirrhosis Chronic pancreatitis Overlap Phenotype

Simultaneous analysis of allopurinol and oxypurinol using a validated liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method in human plasma

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2017年第1期7卷 56-62页

作者： dhiraj M. Rathod Keyur R. Patel Hiren N. Mistri Arvind G. Jangid Pranav S. Shrivastav Mallika Sanyal Department of Chemistry Kadi Sarva Vishwavidyalaya Gandhinagar Ahmedabad 382015 India Bioanalytical Research Department Accutest Research Lab Bodakdev Ahmedabad 380059 India Department of Chemistry School of Sciences Gujarat University Ahmedabad 380009 India Department of Chemistry St. Xavier's College Navrangpura Ahmedabad 380009 India

The present study describes a simple, reliable and reproducible liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method(LC–MS/MS) for the simultaneous determination of allopurinol and its active metabolite,oxypurinol in human plasma for a pharmacokinetic/bioequivalence study. After protein precipitation(PPT) of100 μL plasma sample with 1.0% formic acid in acetonitrile, the recovery of the analytes and allopurinol-d2 as an internal standard ranged from 85.36% to 91.20%. The analytes were separated on Hypersil Gold(150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) column using 0.1% formic acid-acetonitrile(98:2, v/v) as the mobile *** was done using electrospray ionization in the positive mode. The calibration concentration range was established from 60.0 to 6000 ng/m L for allopurinol and 80.0–8000 ng/m L for oxypurinol. Matrix effect in human plasma, expressed as IS-normalized matrix factors ranged from 1.003 to 1.030 for both the analytes. The developed method was found suitable for a clinical study with 300 mg allopurinol tablet formulation in healthy subjects.

关键词： Allopurinol Oxypurinol Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry Bioequivalence study

Treatment Options for Refractory Kawasaki Disease

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Yangtze Medicine 2020年第1期4卷 28-38页

作者： Anuja Oli Hongzhu Lu dhiraj Khati Department of Pediatrics First Clinical College Yangtze University Jingzhou China Department of Cardiology First Clinical College Yangtze University Jingzhou China

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is a self-limiting systemic vasculitis common among children under five years of age. Diagnosis of the disease is made primarily from the clinical features presented during the illness. Coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is the main complication of this disease which can be prevented largely by the early diagnosis and administration of IVIG (Intravenous Immunoglobulin). Even with first dose of IVIG up to 10% - 20% of patients develop refractory Kawasaki Disease, i.e., remain unresponsive to initial IVIG treatment. Second dose of IVIG is recommended treatment for refractory Kawasaki Disease but other alternative treatments are also being considered to lower the risk of complications. Different drugs are still in trial phase and some others have limited studies on larger population. Most of the study reports that involved newer drugs have limited patients or are from single centers which are very hard to apply to larger population. We will review general treatment approach in refractory Kawasaki disease.

关键词： Refractory Kawasaki Disease Intravenous Immunoglobulin Coronary Artery Aneurysm

Research on Mechanisms of Credential Disclosure in ATN

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Research on Mechanisms of Credential Disclosure in ATN

作者： dhiraj Shrestha 哈尔滨工程大学

学位级别：硕士

随着P2P（对等）网络的快速发展,为了在两个陌生用户之间建立信任,提出了信任协商的概念。在两个安全域之间建立信任需要交换大量的证书。两个陌生用户之间交换证书时,总是会担心滥用信息,因为他们或许会泄露与其要求无关的证书的所有属... 详细信息

随着P2P（对等）网络的快速发展,为了在两个陌生用户之间建立信任,提出了信任协商的概念。在两个安全域之间建立信任需要交换大量的证书。两个陌生用户之间交换证书时,总是会担心滥用信息,因为他们或许会泄露与其要求无关的证书的所有属性/值对.然而,使用现有的信任协商系统时,由于需要交换大量的证书,因此协商的时间较长;由于不能保留证书的隐私性,总是有信息泄露的机会。因此,减少协商时间和保持证书的隐私,是本研究的主要关注点。减少自动信任协商（ATN）期间的协商时间是本文的关注点,本文通过设计和实现来加以证明。如果在自动信任协商期间交换的证书数量受到限制,那么协商速率就会提高,并且还能最大程度地减少存储证书对空间的要求。集成证书把其他证书的内容组合到一个证书中。使用未经认证的证书来检查TrustBuilder2中集成证书的概念。本文的下一个关注点是保持隐私性。本文使用两种方法来保持隐私性。第一种方法是将方针与证书相关联。该方针仅与敏感证书相关联。如果方针与所有的证书相关联,那么必然会导致死锁。与证书相关联的方针定义访问证书所需要满足的要求。第二种方法是重定义TrustBuilder2框架的IOManipulationModuleModule模块。在ATN期间,当IOManipulationModuleModule模块被启用时,它会披露证书的所有属性/值对,而这可能导致信息滥用。为了消除这种影响,重新定义了TrustBuilder2框架的IOManipulationModuleModule模块。重新定义该模块后,仅披露满足该方针所需的那些属性/值对。其余的属性/值对被隐藏,以确保证书的隐私性。本文所提出的概念已在TrustBuilder2框架中得到验证,TrustBuilder2框架是一个用Java设计的可重构的开放式系统框架。客户端和服务器端的实验程序及所需要的特性使用Java编写,这些程序采用TrustBuilder2所提供的界面。所有的证书和方针均使用Java Expert System Shell（一种Java平台的规则引擎）来定义。实验结果表明,使用集成证书更有效率,保存证书的方法对于保持ATN期间的隐私性是足够的。

关键词：自动信任协商集成证书隐私性方针