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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2016年第1期4卷 12-19页

作者： Maher Tama Paul Naylor Suhag Patel Johnny Altawil dhiraj gulati Fadi Antaki Milton G.Mutchnick Murray Ehrinpreis Wayne State University School of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Division of Gastroenterology Detroit MI USA

Background:Evaluation of advanced fibrosis in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is used to facilitate decisions on treatment strategy and to initiate additional screening ***,most studies have predominately Caucasian (Cau) patients and may not be as relevant for African Americans (AA).Aims:This study specifically addresses the issue of defining minimal *** fibrosis in African Americans (AA) with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) using noninvasive ***:All patients (n =319) seen between 1 January 2008 and 30 June 2013 for whom a FibroSpect II(R) (FSII) assay was performed and had data for calculation of aspartate aminotransferase (AST)platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) were identified using the medical ***:When liver biopsy score and FSII assay results for the AA patients with CHC were compared,31% of AA had advanced FSII fibrosis scores (F2-F4) despite a biopsy score of *** contrast,10% of Cau *** AA false positive rate was 14% for APRI and 34% for *** FSII with either APRI (7% false positive) or FIB-4 (10% false positive) improved the false positive rate in AA to 7% (FSII + APRI) and 10%(FSII + FIB-4) but reduced the sensitivity for significant ***:The FSII assay overestimates fibrosis in AA and should be used with caution since these patients may not have significant *** the APRI or FIB-4 assay is combined with the FSII assay,minimal fibrosis in AA can be defined without subjecting the patients to a subsequent biopsy.

关键词： Hepatitis c Fibrosis African Americans Fibrospect

Experimental Study of Parameters of a Plasma Antenna

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Plasma Science and Technology 2010年第5期12卷 592-600页

作者： Rajneesh KUMAR dhiraj BORA Institute for Plasma Research ITER Organisation

A plasma column excited by a surface wave can act as a plasma antenna. Experiments are carried out to study the current and conductivity distributions, field, power patterns, directivity and efficiency of such a plasma antenna. In addition, an equivalent metallic copper antenna is built up and its antenna parameters are compared with that of the plasma antenna. Our findings indicate that the power content in the harmonics of the plasma antenna is more prominent as compared to the copper antenna （which only generates a fundamental frequency）. However, the power patterns for both antennae are quite similar. To provide a more qualitative understanding regarding the generation of harmonics in the field of the plasma antenna, a bi-spectral analysis is performed to study the nonlinear interactions in the current fluctuations. Some specific features of the plasma antenna are investigated in our study, which may enhance the application prospect of the plasma antenna with respect to the conventional metallic antenna.

关键词： plasma column antenna parameters plasma antenna metallic copper antenna non-linear interactions

Insecticide resistance status and biochemical mechanisms involved in Aedes mosquitoes: A scoping review

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2021年第2期14卷 52-63页

作者： Minu Bharati dhiraj Saha Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory Department of ZoologyUniversity of North Bengal.P.O.North Bengal UniversityDistrict-DarjeelingWest Bengal734013 India

Mosquitoes belonging to the genus Aedes pose a significant threat to human health on a global scenario due to their role in transmission of dengue,chikungunya,zika,and yellow *** absence of specific medications and vaccines against these diseases,disease prevention relies on vector ***,in today’s world,vector control is facing major challenges due to the onset of insecticide resistance in *** are four main mechanisms of insecticide resistance,namely,behavioral resistance,reduced penetration/cuticular resistance,metabolic detoxification,and target site resistance;however,the latter two mechanisms have been studied widely in Aedes *** resistance in Aedes mosquitoes is widespread throughout the *** review compiles the degree of insecticide resistance/susceptibility prevailing among different field populations of Aedes mosquitoes *** addition,the review has detailed the mechanisms providing the resistance phenomenon observed in nature in Aedes mosquitoes.

关键词： Aedes aegypti Aedes albopictus Insecticide resistance Metabolic detoxification Knockdown resistance

Role of early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in acute variceal bleeding:An update of the evidence and future directions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第44期27卷 7612-7624页

作者： Faisal Khan dhiraj Tripathi Gastroenterology Unit University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Liver Unit University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals BirminghamNHS Foundation Trust and University of BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of BirminghamBirmingham B152THUnited Kingdom

Variceal bleeding is a serious complication of cirrhosis and portal *** the improvement in management of acute variceal bleed(AVB),it still carries significant *** pressure is the main driver of variceal bleeding and also a main predictor of *** in portal pressure has been the mainstay of management of variceal *** intrahepatic porto-systemic stent shunt(TIPSS)is a very effective modality in reducing the portal hypertension and thereby,controlling portal hypertensive ***,its use in refractory bleeding(rescue/salvage TIPSS)is still associated with high mortality.“Early”use of TIPSS as a“pre-emptive strategy”in patients with AVB at high risk of failure of treatment has shown to be superior to standard treatment in several *** patients with Child C cirrhosis(up to 13 points)clearly benefit from early-TIPSS strategy,it’s role in less severe liver disease(Child B)and more severe disease(Child C>13 points)remains less ***,standard of care has improved in the last decade leading to improved 1-year survival in high-risk patients with AVB as compared to earlier“early”TIPSS *** in the real world,only a minority of patients with AVB fulfil the stringent criteria for early ***,there is unmet need to explore role of early TIPSS in management of AVB in well-designed prospective studies. In this review, we have appraised the role of early TIPSS, patient selection anddiscussed future directions in the management of patients with AVB.

关键词： Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt Early transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt Salvage transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt Portal hypertension Acute variceal bleed Hepatic encephalopathy

Historical overview and review of current day treatment in the management of acute variceal haemorrhage

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第21期20卷 6481-6494页

作者： Neil Rajoriya dhiraj Tripathi Department of Hepatology The New Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirmingham B15 2THUnited Kingdom

Variceal haemorrhage is one of the most devastating consequences of portal hypertension, with a 1-year mortality of 40%. With the passage of time, acute management strategies have developed with improved survival. The major historical treatment landmarks in the management of variceal haemorrhage can be divided into surgical, medical, endoscopic and radiological breakthroughs. We sought to provide a historical overview of the management of variceal haemorrhage and how treatment modalities over time have impacted on clinical outcomes. A PubMed search of the following terms: portal hypertension, variceal haemorrhage, gastric varices, oesophageal varices, transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt was performed. To complement this, Google™ was searched with the aforementioned terms. Other relevant references were identified after review of the reference lists of articles. The review of therapeutic advances was conducted divided into pre-1970s, 1970/80s, 1990s, 2000-2010 and post-2010. Also, a summary and review on the pathophysiology of portal hypertension and clinical outcomes in variceal haemorrhage was performed. Aided by the development of endoscopic therapies, medication and improved radiological interventions; the management of variceal haemorrhage has changed over recent decades with improved survival from an often-terminating event in recent past.

关键词： Variceal haemorrhage Oesophageal varices Gastric varices Portal hypertension

Recent advances in the management of variceal bleeding

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Gastroenterology Report 2017年第2期5卷 113-126,I0001页

作者： Ihteshamul Haq dhiraj Tripathi Liver Unit Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamEdgbastonBirminghamUK

Acute haemorrhage from ruptured gastroesophageal varices is perhaps the most serious consequence of uncontrolled portal hypertension in cirrhotic *** represents a medical emergency and is associated with a high morbidity and *** those who survive the initial bleeding event,the risks of further bleeding and other decompensated events remain *** past 30 years have seen a slow evolution of management strategies that have greatly improved the chances of surviving a variceal *** cirrhosis is a multi-staged pathological process and we are moving away from a one-size-fits-all therapeutic *** there is an increasing recognition that a more nuanced approach will yield optimal survival for *** approach seeks to risk stratify patients according to their disease *** exact type and timing of treatment offered can then be varied to suit individual *** the same time,the toolbox of available therapy is expanding and there is a continual stream of emerging evidence to support the use of endoscopic and pharmacological *** this review,we present a summary of the treatment options for a variety of different clinical scenarios and for when there is failure to control *** have conducted a detailed literature review and presented up-to-date evidence from either primary randomized-controlled trials or meta-analyses that support current treatment algorithms.

关键词： varices acute varices haemorrhage cirrhosis prophylaxis non-selective beta-blockers variceal band ligation

Effect of contrasting climates on antioxidant and bioactive constituents in five medicinal herbs in Western Himalayas

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第3期13卷 484-492页

作者： Tarandeep KAUR Rohini BHAT dhiraj VYAS Biodiversity and Applied Botany Division Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine(CSIR) Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (CSIR)

To understand the effect of climate change on constitutive antioxidant and biochemical metabolites in Western Himalayas, five medicinal herbs were selected and grown at two altitudes in Jammu(305 m) and Srinagar(1730 m) with subtropical and temperate climates, *** variations were observed in phenols and flavonoids in Hypericum perforatum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Thymus vulgaris L., Cynara cardunculus L. and Echinacea purpurea L. growing at two locations. High altitude temperate site show variable(up to 13 fold) increase in their ***(1.3- 1.8 times), sugars(2.8- 4.1 times) and free amino acid(1.04- 1.22 times) were also higher at Srinagar(1730 m). Within these plants, *** and M. chamomilla have shown higher accumulation of phenols, xanthophylls and proline even at subtropical environment in Jammu(305 m)suggesting potential for increasing their geographical area. The results demonstrate that changing environmental conditions significantly affect the bioactive constituents, which accumulate as a defence strategy by these temperate plants. Their medicinal significance during climate change scenario has also been discussed.

关键词： Medicinal herbs Flavonoids Phenols Glutathione Western Himalayas Climate change

Effects of liquid feed rate and impeller rotation speed on heat transfer in a mechanically fluidized reactor

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Particuology 2018年第4期16卷 25-32页

作者： dhiraj Kankariya Cedric Briens Dominic Pjontek Stefano Tacchino Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering University of Western Ontario London Ontario N6A 5B9 Canada

A mechanically fluidized reactor （MFR） is a novel and compact reactor used for biomass pyrolysis. Endothermic biomass pyrolysis requires heat provided from the wall of the MFR. Meanwhile, mixing with a vertical stirrer helps achieve effective heat transfer from the wall to the bed. Here, the heat trans- fer characteristics between the wall of a 1.0-L MFR and its bed of mechanically fluidized sand particles were studied. An induction heating system was used to heat the wall, while a vertical blade stirrer was used for mixing. Heat transfer measurements were carried out using silica sand particles, having three average Sauter mean diameters： 190, 300, and 600 p.m. The overall wall-to-bed heat transfer coeffi- cients were estimated using temperature measurements taken during continuous injection of water onto the fluidized bed. The overall heat transfer coefficient for bed temperatures of 500-700℃ increased as particle size increased or superficial velocity of the vaporized liquid increased. Effect of impeller rotation speed also was investigated. Typically, the overall heat transfer coefficient increased as rotation speed increased. The wall-to-bed heat transfer coefficients obtained in this study are comparable to estimates from traditional bubbling fluidized beds, even at vapor velocities below the minimum fluidization veloccity.

关键词： Mechanical fluidization Induction heating Impeller rotation Heat transfer Particle size

Dynamics of bacterial communities during a seasonal hypoxia at the Bohai Sea:Coupling and response between abundant and rare populations

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第1期34卷 324-339页

作者： Chao Wu Jinjun Kan dhiraj Dhondiram Narale Kun Liu Jun Sun Tianjin Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Chemistry Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China Research Centre for Indian Ocean Ecosystem Tianjin University of Science and TechnologyTianjin 300457China Department of Microbiology Stroud Water Research CenterAvondalePA 19311USA Laboratory of Marine Biology and Ecology Third Institute of OceanographyMinistry of Natural ResourcesXiamen 361005China College of Marine Science and Technology China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)Wuhan 430074China

Marine bacterial community plays a vital role in the formation of the hypoxia zone in coastal ***,their dynamics in the seasonal hypoxia zone of the Bohai Sea(BHS)are barely ***,the 16S r RNA gene-based high-throughput sequencing was used to explore the dynamics of their diversity,structure,and function as well as driving factors during the gradual deoxygenation process in the *** results evinced that the bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria,followed by Bacteroidetes,Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,and Cyanobacteria,*** abundant subcommunity dominated in the number of sequences(49%)while the rare subcommunity dominated in the number of species(99.61%).Although abundant subcommunity accounted for most sequences,rare subcommunity possessed higher diversity,richness and their population dramatically changed(higher turnover)during the hypoxia ***,co-occurrence network analysis proved the vital role of rare subcommunity in the process of community ***,beta diversity partition revealed that both subcommunities possessed a higher turnover component than nestedness and/or richness component,implying species replacement could explain a considerable percentage of community *** variation might be governed by both environmental selection and stochastic processes,and further,it influenced the nitrogen cycle(PICRUSt-based prediction)of the hypoxia ***,this study provides insight into the spatial-temporal heterogeneity of bacterial and their vital role in biogeochemical cycles in the hypoxia zone of the *** findings will extend our horizons about the stabilization mechanism,feedback regulation,and interactive model inside the bacterial community under oxygen-depleted ecosystems.

关键词： Bacterial community Hypoxia Stratification The Bohai Sea Nitrogen cycles High-throughput sequencing

Covered transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt vs large volume paracentesis in patients with cirrhosis: A real-world propensity score-matched study

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第31期10卷 11313-11324页

作者： Amritpal Dhaliwal Homoyoon Merhzad Salil Karkhanis dhiraj Tripathi Department of Hepatology Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom National Institute of Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre BirminghamUniversity of BirminghamBirmingham B152WBUnited Department of Radiology Queen Elizabeth Hospital BirminghamBirmingham B152TTUnited Kingdom

BACKGROUND Refractory ascites has a 1-year survival rate of 50%.In selected patients,treatment options include liver transplantation(LT)or transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent shunt(TIPSS).AIM To assess the outcomes of patients who underwent a TIPSS compared to large volume paracentesis(LVP).METHODS Retrospective study of patients who underwent a covered TIPSS or LVP for refractory or recurrent ascites over 7 *** outcome was transplant-free survival(TFS).Further analysis was done with propensity score matching(PSM).RESULTS There were 150 patients[TIPSS group(n=75),LVP group(n=75)].Seven patients in the TIPSS group underwent LT vs 22 patients in the LVP *** median follow up,20(0.47-179.53)*** the whole cohort,there was no difference in TFS[hazard ratio(HR):0.80,95%confidence interval(CI):0.54-1.21];but lower de novo hepatic encephalopathy with LVP(HR:95%CI:0.20-0.96).These findings were confirmed following PSM *** multivariate analysis albumin and hepatocellular carcinoma at baseline were associated with *** Covered TIPSS results in similar TFS compared to LVP in cirrhotic patients with advanced liver *** transplant assessment should be considered in all potential candidates for *** controlled studies are recommended to select appropriate patients for TIPSS.

关键词： Portal hypertension Liver cirrhosis Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Ascites Large volume paracentesis