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On Cosmic Ray and Geomagnetic Response to Coronal Mass Ejections （CMEs）

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Journal of Physical Science and Application 2011年第3期1卷 170-174页

作者： Nagandra Kumar sharma Devendra Singh Faculty of Technology Chandra Shekher Azad University of Agriculture and Technology Campus-Etawah-206001 （U.P） India

A catalogue of type II bursts and the associated coronal mass ejections （CMEs） observed by the solar and heliospheric observatory （SOHO） mission is used to select the twenty three CMEs events with CME speed equal to and less than 450 km/sec （i.e., less than and equal to the average solar wind speed） during 1997-2008. Our observational results clearly indicate that even slow speed CMEs are capable to produce the cosmic ray and geomagnetic disturbances on day to day basis. The depression in cosmic ray intensity is larger three days after the arrival of the CMEs along with the maximum disturbance in geomagnetic activity on the same day （i.e., after three days from the arrival of CMEs）. Fluctuations in cosmic ray intensity and the geomagnetic activity are also observed before the arrival of the CMEs.

关键词： Corona coronal mass ejections (CMEs) galactic cosmic rays (GCR) magnetosphere

Air Pollution Monitoring System Using Micro Controller Atmega 32A and MQ135 Gas Sensor at chandragiri Municipality of Kathmandu City

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Semiconductor Science and Information Devices 2022年第2期4卷 35-44页

作者： Rajesh Shrestha Manik Maharjan Mahesh sharma Tri-chandra Multiple Campus KathmanduNepal

Air is one of the essential elements of human’s *** earth’s atmosphere is full of air which contains gases such as Nitrogen,Oxygen,Carbon Monoxide and traces of some rare *** quality of the air has been degrading for some decades due to various activities conducted by the human beings that directly or indirectly affect the atmosphere leading to the air *** are different techniques to measure air ***,with the evolution of time the expensive and less efficient analog devices have been replaced by more efficient and less expensive electronics *** this research,MQ135 sensor is used to measure air quality of a particular location.I2C display is used to monitor the ***,with the increasing in number of vehicles,unplanned urbanization and rapid population growth,air pollution has considerably increased in the last decades in various areas of ***,this project‘Air Pollution Monitoring System’was focused on collection of the data specific location of chandragiri municipality of Kathmandu *** conclusion,analysis of the data is done with the help of origin software which shows that the Arduino device in this device works perfectly for measuring the air *** quality of the selected area is found to be less than 500 PPM which concludes that the air quality of this area is normal.

关键词： Arduino Uno MQ135 sensor Air pollution I2C display Atmosphere

Designing of the Wireless Digital Portable Temperature and Humidity Monitoring Device and Analyzing Data at Different Part of Kathmandu Valley

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Semiconductor Science and Information Devices 2021年第1期3卷 41-48页

作者： Sabina Bogati Mahesh sharma Rajesh Shrestha Tri-chandra Multiple College TUGhantagharNepal

The atmosphere of planet plays a great role in numerous weather phenomena which affects our life *** understand these phenomena,it requires knowledge about the relation between temperature and *** effects of temperature on humidity influence the potential for precipi*** also directly influences the human health and *** humidity and dew point are the two parameters that are used by the meteorologists for understanding the interaction between temperature and humid*** there is a necessary of a smart monitoring system which is fully automated,accurate and capable enough to monitor all the parameters with ***,it should be portable and less *** this purpose,the digital portable wireless temperature and humidity monitoring device is *** project consists of HC-05 Bluetooth module,DHT-11,Arduino UNO,16 X 2 LCD,and *** data are recorded at different part of Kathmandu Valley with this device wirelessly by using smartphone and analyze it with the help of Origin software.

关键词： Arduino UNO HC-05 Bluetooth module 16 x 2 LCD DHT-11 sensor and wireless

Need for operational simplicity and timely disbursal of benefits—a qualitative exploration of the implementation of a direct benefit transfer scheme for persons with tuberculosis in India

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第3期13卷 58-72页

作者： Malu Mohan Jeromie W.V.Thangaraj Sumit Pandey G.Sri Lakshmi Priya Sivavallinathan Arunachalam Rahul sharma Hemant Deepak Shewade B.Aishwarya K.Afeeq Afsana Khatoon B.Gokulvijay Gude Sireesha Kavita chandra S.Nandhakumar Prince Samuel C.Nanditha Viswanathan Devika Shanmugasundaram Raghuram Rao Manoj V.Murhekar Kathiresan Jeyashree Indian Council of Medical Research-National Institute of Epidemiology R-127TNHBAyapakkamChennaiTamil Nadu 600077India TB Support Network WHO Country Office for IndiaNew DelhiIndia Central Tuberculosis Division Government of IndiaNew DelhiIndia

Background Ni-kshay Poshan Yojana(NPY)is a direct benefit transfer scheme of the Government of India introduced in 2018 to support the additional nutritional requirements of persons with TB(PwTB).Our recent nationwide evaluation of implementation and utilization of NPY using programmatic data of PwTB from nine randomly selected Indian states,reported a 70%coverage and high median delay in benefit *** undertook a qualitative study between January and July 2023,to understand the detailed implementation process of NPY and explore the enablers and barriers to effective implementation and utilization of the NPY *** We followed a grounded theory approach to inductively develop theoretical explanations for social phenomena through data generated from multiple *** conducted 36 in-depth interviews of national,district and field-level staff of the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme(NTEP)and NPY beneficiaries from 30 districts across nine states of India,selected using theoretical *** analytical framework developed through inductive coding of a set of six interviews,guided the coding of the subsequent *** and themes emerged through constant comparison and the data collection continued until theoretical *** Stakeholders perceived NPY as a beneficial *** political commitment from the state administration,mainstreaming of NTEP work with the district public healthcare delivery system,availability of good geographic and internet connectivity and state-specific grievance redressal mechanisms and innovations were identified as enablers of ***,the complex,multi-level benefit approval process,difficulties in accessing banking services,perceived inadequacy of benefits and overworked human resources in the NTEP were identified as barriers to implementation and *** The optimal utilization of NPY is enabled by strong political commitment and challenged by its length

关键词： National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme Nutritional status Direct benefit transfer Implementation Cash transfer scheme Grounded theory India

Design of Digital Solar Water Pump Using Microcontroller ATmega 32

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Electrical Science & Engineering 2022年第2期4卷 11-24页

作者： Rajesh Shrestha Arun Raj Dhakal Saroj Thakur Dipak Subedi Mahesh sharma Tri-chandra Multiple College GhantagharNepal Patan Multiple College PatanNepal

This paper focuses on the application of solar energy along with microcontrollers to design and run a motor to pump water from various *** solar water pump is one of the applications or appliance that perform task with the use of solar *** solar water pump consists of solar PV array,solar pump,inverter,AC water pumping device *** energy radiation is converted in electrical current or power source which is then used to run a pump and draw water directly from ground,wells,rivers,lakes *** this paper,the relationship between flow rate of the water and luminous intensity of the solar irradiance is studied and the data are linearly fitted to find out the correlation between these *** the study about efficiency of the solar powered water pump shows that the operation of this type of pumping system is quite efficient than other types of fossil fuel engines like diesel,petrol,kerosene *** long *** use of Arduino Uno,flow sensor,LDR sensors in the solar powered water pump helps to analyze the relation between these parameters and know the conditions favorable for excess supply of water in short time *** solar powered devices are the future of clean and green future of this *** it is not only necessary but also compulsory to enhance the usage of solar energy throughout the globe.

关键词： Solar PV array LDR sensor Water flow sensors Arduino Uno and Liquid Crystal display