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BLEND MEMBRANES FOR DIRECT METHANOL AND PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2012年第4期30卷 548-560页

作者： Perumal Bhavani dharmalingam Sangeetha Department of Chemistry Anna UniversityChennai 25India

Sulphonated polystyrene ethylene butylene polystyrene （SPSEBS） prepared with 35% sulphonation was found to be highly elastic and enlarged up to 300%-400% of its initial length. It absorbed over 110% of water by weight. A major drawback of this membrane is its poor mechanical properties which are not adequate for use as polymer electrolytes in fuel cells. To overcome this, SPSEBS was blended with poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF）, a hydrophobic polymer. The blend membranes showed better mechanical properties than the base polymer. The effect of PVDF content on water uptake, ion exchange capacity and proton conductivity of the blend membranes was investigated. This paper presents the results of recent studies applied to develop an optimized in-house membrane electrode assembly （MEA） preparation technique combining catalyst ink spraying and assembly hot pressing. Easy steps were chosen in this preparation technique in order to simplify the method, aiming at cost reduction. The open circuit voltage for the cell with SPSEBS is 0.980 V which is higher compared to that of the cell with Nation 117 （0.790 V）. From this study, it is concluded that a polymer electrolyte membrane suitable for proton exchange membrane fuel cell （PEMFC） and direct methanol fuel cell （DMFC） application can be obtained by blending SPSEBS and PVDF in appropriate proportions. The methanol permeability and selectivity showed a strong influence on DMFC performance.

关键词： Fuel cell Impedance Polymer blend Proton conductivity.

Impact of patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in a tropical montane evergreen forest patches of south India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1675-1687页

作者： dharmalingam Mohandass Mason J.Campbell Priya Davidar Root and Soil Biology Laboratory Department of BotanyBharathiar UniversityCoimbatoreTaminadu 641046India Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science(T.E.S.S.) College of Science and EngineeringJames Cook UniversityCairnsQLD 4870Australia Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences Pondicherry UniversityKalapetPondicherry 605014India

We examined the effects of forest patch size on woody tree species richness and abundance in tropical montane evergreen forest patches of the Nilgiri region,south India. We sampled woody trees(>1 cm dbh) from 21 forest patches in the upper Nilgiri hills(> 2000 m elevation) and recorded a total of 35,146 individuals of 61 species, 45 genera and 30 families. Species richness and abundance of sapling/shrubs(≥ 1 to < 10 cm dbh)increased significantly with increasing patch size, but the species richness and abundance of small, medium and larger trees(≥ 10 to < 30, ≥ 30 to < 60 and ≥ 60 cm dbh,respectively) did not. Overall, forest interior species richness and abundance increased significantly with increasing patch size but edge species richness did not. Species richness and abundance of shade-tolerant and shade-demanding tree species also increased with increasing patch size. The abundance of zoochory dispersed tree species was significantly related to increasing patch size, but those dispersed by autochory did not display any clear relationship between patch size and species richness or *** findings suggest that with increasing forest patch area,tree compositional patterns may be driven by species specific shade-tolerance adaptations and dispersal *** responses in these traits by the plant community within the individual habitat zones of forest edge and interiors likely plays a major role in determining the inherent plant community and thus the subsequent ecological processes of forest patches, including their responses to increasing patch area.

关键词： Dispersal mode Forest fragments Shade-tolerance Species–area relationships Western Ghats

Solvent effects on hydrogen bonding between primary alcohols and esters

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2006年第11期7卷 1928-1931页

作者： dharmalingam K. RAMACHANDRAN K. SIVAGURUNATHAN P. Department of Physics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar 608002 Tamilnadu India

The interaction by hydrogen bond formation of some primary alcohols （ l-heptanol, l-octanol and l-decanol） with esters （methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate） was investigated in non-polar solvents viz., n-heptane, CC14 and benzene by means of FTIR spectroscopy. Formation constants and free energy changes of complex formation were determined. The dependence of the equilibrium constants and free energy changes of complex formation on the alkyl chain length of both the alcohols and esters are discussed. The solvent interaction between the solute and solvent. effect on the hydrogen bond formation is discussed in terms of specific

关键词： FTIR spectroscopy Primary alcohols Esters Hydrogen bonding Solvent effect

Bitter melon： a panacea for inflammation and cancer

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2016年第2期14卷 81-100页

作者： Prasad R. Dandawate dharmalingam Subramaniam Subhash B. Padhye Shrikant Anant Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA Department of Surgery The University of Kansas Medical Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA The University of Kansas Cancer Center Kansas City KS 66160 USA Interdisciplinary Science & Technology Research Academy Abeda lnamdar Senior College Azam Campus Pune 411001 lndia

Nature is a rich source of medicinal plants and their products that are useful for treatment of various diseases and disorders. Momordica charantia, commonly known as bitter melon or bitter gourd, is one of such plants known for its biological activities used in traditional system of medicines. This plant is cultivated in all over the world, including tropical areas of Asia, Amazon, east Africa, and the Caribbean and used as a vegetable as well as folk medicine. All parts of the plant, including the fruit, are commonly consumed and cooked with different vegetables, stir-fried, stuffed or used in small quantities in soups or beans to give a slightly bitter flavor and taste. The plant is reported to possess anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-obesity, and immunomodulatory activities. The plant extract inhibits cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, autophagy and inhibiting cancer stem cells. The plant is rich in bioactive chemical constituents like cucurbitane type triterpenoids, triterpene glycosides, phenolic acids, flavonoids, essential oils, saponins, fatty acids, and proteins. Some of the isolated compounds （Kuguacin J, Karaviloside XI, Kuguaglycoside C, Momordicoside Q-U, Charantin, a-eleostearic acid） and proteins （a-Momorcharin, RNase MC2, MAP30） possess potent biological activity. In the present review, we are summarizing the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities of Momordica charantia along with a short account of important chemical constituents, providing a basis for establishing detail biological activities of the plant and developing novel drug molecules based on the active chemical constituents.

关键词： Momordica charantia Bitter melon Anti-oxidant activity Anti-inflammatory activity Anti-cancer activity Na^n'al products

FTIR Spectroscopic Studies on Molecular Interaction between Alcohols and N,N-dimethylacetamide

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物理化学学报 2007年第3期23卷 295-298页

作者： SIVAGURUNATHAN P RAMACHANDRAN K dharmalingam K Department of PhysicsAnnamalai University

The association between alcohols and N,N-dimethylacetamide in carbon tetrachloride was investigated using FTIR spectroscopy at 298 *** formation constants for 1∶1 and 1∶2 complexes were calculated using the method of Whetsel and *** observed 1∶1 complex values were also verified using the method of *** rate of change in C=O bond moment on complexing with alcohols increased with increasing acidity of *** formation constant and values of free energy change increased with the increase in carbon chain length of alcohols,which suggested that the degree of complex formation varied with the length of the carbon chain of alcohols.

关键词：光谱学混合物酒精化学反应

Hydrogen Bonding Interaction between N-methylformamide and Alcohols

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物理化学学报 2006年第12期22卷 1560-1562页

作者： RAMACHANDRAN Krishnamurthy dharmalingam Kurunthu SIVAGURUNATHAN Periyasamy Department ofPhysics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar608002Tamil NaduIndiaDepartment ofPhysicsAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608002Tamil NaduIndiaDepartment ofPhysicsAnnamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar608002Tamil NaduIndia

The hydrogen bonding interactions between N-methylformamide and primary,secondary,and tertiary alcohols have been studied using the FTIR spectroscopic *** most likely association complex between alcohol and N-methylformamide is the 1∶1 stoichiometric complex formed between the hydroxyl group of alcohol and the carbonyl group of *** formation constant of the 1∶1 complexes has been calculated using the Nash *** appears that the primary alcohols have larger formation constant compared with the secondary and tertiary *** results showed that the proton-donating ability of the alcohols decreased in the order:primary>secondary>tertiary,and that the association constant increased with the increase in carbon chain of the alkyl group of alcohols.

关键词：酒精氢结合物光谱学

Optimization of AWJM Process Parameters on 3D-Printed Onyx-Glass Fiber Hybrid Composite

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2023年第2期30卷 84-98页

作者： dharmalingam G Arun Prasad M Deepak Panghal Sachin Salunkhe Siva kumar M Rathinasuriyan C Department of Mechanical Engineering Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr.Sagunthala R&D Institute of Science and TechnologyAvadiChennai-600062Tamil NaduIndia Department of Fashion Technology National Institute of Fashion TechnologyNew Delhi-11016India

Compared with conventional manufacturing methods, the additive manufacturing technique enhances mechanical properties. The present investigation of additive manufacturing technique is focused on delamination studies of Onyx-Glass Fiber Hybrid Polymer Composite(OGFHPC) along with surface roughness properties during machining(drilling) of composites through abrasive water jet machining(AWJM). However, delamination is a major issue during machining of OGFHPC. In order to overcome these drawbacks, the fabrication of OGFHPC was carried out using fused deposition modeling(FDM) technology which is an additive manufacturing method with Mark forged Mark Two 3D-composite printer. The machinability studies were conducted for drilling operation through AWJM process with different abrasive mass flow rates, drilling diameters and traverse speeds. These drilling machinability process parameters were optimized through the design of experiments-Taguchi analysis followed by the analysis of variance(ANOVA) and validated through the Harmony Search Algorithm(HSA), Whale Optimization Algorithm(WOA) and Grey Wolf Optimization Algorithm(GWO). It was observed that minimum delamination and surface roughness of OGFHPC were optimized for AWJM at abrasive mass flow rates(450 g/min), drilling diameters(12 mm) and traverse speed rate(30 mm/min).

关键词： Onyx-Glass composite fused deposition modeling AWJM delamination surface roughness Taguchi analysis

时域反射光谱法研究酰胺-醇混合物的介电驰豫(英文)

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物理化学学报 2007年第10期23卷 1508-1514页

作者： RAMACHANDRAN K. SIVAGURUNATHAN P. dharmalingam K. MEHROTRA S. C. Department of Physics SRM UniversityKattankulathur-603 203TamilnaduIndia Department of Physics Annamalai UniversityAnnamalai Nagar-608 002TamilnaduIndia Department of Electronics and Computer Science Dr. B. A. M. UniversityAurangabad-431 004MaharashtraIndia

Using time domain reflectometry (TDR),dielectric relaxation studies were carried out on binary mixtures of amides (N-methylformamide (NMF) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)) with alcohols (1-butanol,1-pentanol,1-hexanol,1-heptanol,1-octanol,and 1-decanol) for various concentrations over the frequency range from 10 MHz to 10 GHz at 303 K. The Kirkwood correlation factor and excess dielectric constant properties were determined and discussed to yield information on the molecular interactions of the systems. The relaxation time varied with the chain length of alcohols and substituted amides were noticed. The Bruggeman plot shows a deviation from linearity. This deviation was attributed to some sort of molecular interaction which may take place between the alcohols and substituted amides. The excess static permittivity and excess inverse relaxation time values varied from negative to positive for all the systems indicating that the solute-solvent interaction existed between alcohols and substituted amides for all the dynamics of the mixture.

关键词：介电松弛时域反射计氨基化合物甲醇混合试剂

Dielectric Relaxation Properties of Alcohols and Acrylic Esters

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物理化学学报 2007年第1期23卷 50-54页

作者： dharmalingam K. RAMACHANDRAN K. SIVAGURUNATHAN P. KALAMSE G. M. Department of Physics Annamalai University Annamalai Nagar-608002 Tamilnadu India Postgraduate Department of Physics Science College Nanded-431605 Maharashtra India

Dielectric relaxation of alcohols (1-propanol, 1-butanol, sec-butanol, tert-butanol, 1-pentanol, 1-heptanol, 1-octanol, and 1-decanol) with acrylic esters (methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, and butyl methacrylate) at 9.84 GHz were studied in n-heptane at 298 K. The result showed that 1∶1 complex was predominant in these systems. The relaxation time showed a linear dependence with alkyl chain length of both alcohols and acrylic esters, but the dielectric constant showed a reverse trend. A comparative study of the free energy of activation for the dielectric relaxation and viscous flow suggested that a greater interference by neighboring atom was observed in the process of viscous flow than in dielectric relaxation, as the latter involved rotational form of motion, whereas the viscous flow involved both rotational and translational forms of motion.

关键词：绝缘的松驰白酒丙烯酸的酉旨氢结合溶剂效果