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Role of Microstructural Constituents on Surface Crack Formation During Hot Rolling of Standard and Low Nickel Austenitic Stainless Steels

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2013年第2期26卷 206-216页

作者： Manidipto Mukherjee Tapan Kumar pal Welding Technology Centre Metallurgical and Material Engineering Department Jadavpur University

The effect of alloy segregation and delta （δ） ferrite contents on surface cracking of three standard （i.e. AISI 304L, AISI 310S and AISI 321） and two low nickel （i.e. LNi-1 and LNi-0.3） austenitic stainless steels （ASS） during hot roiling was investigated using optical microscopy （OM）, automatic image analyzer, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy （EDX） and electron probe micro analyzer （EPMA）. It was observed that the amount of 6-ferrite varied among different grades and also distributed heterogeneously across the width of the steel plates. In general, low nickel ASS showed higher amount of 6-ferrite compared to the standard ASS grades. The tendency to surface cracking during hot rolling gradually increased with increasing 6-ferrite content. Interestingly, carbon and nitrogen exerted maximum effect on 6-ferrite formation. The higher carbon and nitrogen content in the steel decreased 6-ferMte content. In addition, the segregation of Cu and Mn plays significant role in low nickel ASS and Ni-Cr in case of standard ASS has profound effect on surface cracking of the steel plates. A possible cause of surface crack formation/origination in steel plates during hot rolling was discussed.

关键词： Austenitic stainless steel Hot rolling Surface cracking Alloy segregation δ ferrite

Chaos control in a discrete-time predator-prey model with weak Allee effect

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2018年第7期11卷 123-148页

作者： Saheb pal Sourav Kumar Sasmal Nikhil pal Department of Mathematics Visva-Bharati Santiniketan 731235India Department of Physics and Mathematics Aoyama Gakuin University Kanagawa 252-5258Japan

The stability of the predator-prey model subject to the Allee effect is an interesting topic in recent *** this paper,we investigate the impact of weak Allee effect on the stability of a discrete-time predator-prey model with Holling type-IV functional *** mathematical features of the proposed model are analyzed with the help of equilibrium analysis,stability analysis,and bifurcation *** provide sufficient conditions for the flip bifurcation by considering Allee parameter as the bifurcation *** observe that the model becomes stable from chaotic dynamics as the Allee parameter ***,we observe bi-stability behavior of the model between only prey existence equilibrium and the coexistence *** analytical findings are illustrated through numerical simulations.

关键词： Chaos control Allee effect flip bifurcation bi-stability Lyapunov exponent

ON SOLUTION TO THE NAVIER-STOKES EQUATIONS WITH NAVIER SLIP BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR THREE DIMENSIONAL INCOMPRESSIBLE FLUID

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Acta Mathematica Scientia 2019年第6期39卷 1628-1638页

作者： Subha pal Rajib HALOI Department of Mathematical Sciences Tezpur University

In this article, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the NavierStokes equations with Navier slip boundary condition for incompressible fluid in a bounded domain of R^3. The results are established by... 详细信息

关键词： Navier-Stokes equations Galerkin method Navier slip boundary condition strain tensor

Excess Molar Volumes and Viscosities for Binary Mixtures of 1-Alkoxypropan-2-ols with 1-Butanol, and 2-Butanol at 298.15 K and Atmospheric Pressure

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2007年第12期25卷 1781-1789页

作者： pal, Amalendu GABA, Rekha Department of Chemistry Kurukshetra University Kurukshetra-136 119 India

Excess molar volumes Vm^E and kinematic viscosities v have been measured as a function of composition for binary mixtures of propylene glycol monomethyl ether （1-methoxy-2-propanol）, MeOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monoethyl ether （1-ethoxy-2-propanol）, EtOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monopropyl ether （1-propoxy-2-propanol）, PrOCH2CH（OH）Me, propylene glycol monobutyl ether （1-butoxy-2-propanol）, BuOCH2CH（OH）Me, and propylene glycol tert-butyl ether （1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol）, t-BuOCH2CH（OH）Me with 1-butanol, and 2-butanol, at 298.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The excess molar volumes are negative across the entire range of composition for all the systems with 1-butanol, and positive for the systems 2-butanol＋ 1-methoxy-2-propanol, and ＋1-propoxy-2-propanol, negative for the systems 2-butanol＋1-butoxy-2-propanol, and change sign for the systems 2-butanol＋ 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, and ＋ 1-tert-butoxy-2-propanol. From the experimental data, the deviation in dynamic viscosity η from ∑χiηi has been calculated. Both excess molar volumes and viscosity deviations have been correlated using a Redlich-Kister type polynomial equation by the method of least-squares for the estimation of the binary coefficients and the standard errors.

关键词： excess molar volumes binary mixtures alkoxypropanols

Soil Respiration, Microbial Biomass C and N Availability in a Sandy Soil Amended with Clay and Residue Mixtures

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Pedosphere 2016年第5期26卷 643-651页

作者： Sharmistha pal Petra MARSCHNER ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Research Centre School of Agriculture Food and Wine The University of Adelaide

Crop yields in sandy soils can be increased by addition of clay-rich soil, but little is known about the effect of clay addition on nutrient availability after addition of plant residues with different C/N ratios. A loamy sandy soil （7% clay） was amended with a clay-rich subsoil （73% clay） at low to high rates to achieve soil mixtures of 12%, 22%, and 30% clay, as compared to a control （sandy soil alone） with no clay addition. The sandy-clay soil mixtures were amended with finely ground plant residues at 10 g kg-l： mature wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） straw with a C/N ratio of 68, mature faba bean （Vicia faba L.） straw with a C/N ratio of 39, or their mixtures with different proportions （0% 100%, weight percentage） of each straw. Soil respiration was measured over days 0-45 and microbial biomass C （MBC）, available N, and pH on days 0, 15, 30, and 45. Cumulative respiration was not clearly related to the C/N ratio of the residues or their mixtures, but C use efficiency （cumulative respiration per unit of MBC on day 15） was greater with faba bean than with wheat and the differences among the residue mixtures were smaller at the highest clay addition rate. The MBC concentration was lowest in sole wheat and higher in residue mixtures with 50% of wheat and faba bean in the mixture or more faba bean. Soil N availability and soil pH were lower for the soil mixtures of 22% and 30% clay compared to the sandy soil alone. It could be concluded that soil cumulative respiration and MBC concentration were mainly influenced by residue addition, whereas available N and pH were influenced by clay addition to the sandy soil studied.

关键词： available N C use efficiency C/N ratio cumulative respiration nutrient availability pH plant residues

The International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery definition of delayed gastric emptying and the effects of various surgical modifications on the occurrence of delayed gastric emptying after pancreatoduodenectomy

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2017年第4期16卷 353-363页

作者： Rajesh Panwar Sujoy pal Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery & Liver Transplantation All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew DelhiIndia

BACKGROUND:A number of definitions have been used for delayed gastric emptying(DGE) after pancreatoduodenectomy and the reported rates varied *** International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery(ISGPS) definition is the current standard but it is not used *** this comprehensive review,we aimed to determine the acceptance rate of ISGPS definition of DGE,the incidence of DGE after pancreatoduodenectomy and the effect of various technical modifications on its *** SOURCE:We searched PubM ed for studies regarding DGE after pancreatoduodenectomy that were published from 1 January 1980 to 1 July 2015 and extracted data on DGE definition,DGE rates and comparison of DGE rates among different technical modifications from all of the relevant ***:Out of 435 search results,178 were selected for data *** ISGPS definition was used in 80% of the studies published since 2010 and the average rates of DGE and clinically relevant DGE were 27.7%(range:0-100%;median:18.7%) and 14.3%(range:1.8%-58.2%;median:13.6%),*** preservation or retrocolic reconstruction were not associated with increased DGE *** pyloric dilatation,Braun’s entero-enterostomy and Billroth Ⅱ reconstruction were associated with significantly lower DGE rates,pyloric ring resection appears to be most promising with favorable results in 7 out of 10 ***:ISGPS definition of DGE has been used in majority of studies published after *** relevant DGE rates remain high at 14.3% despite a number of proposed surgical *** ring resection seems to offer the most promising solution to reduce the occurrence of DGE.

关键词： pancreatoduodenectomy delayed gastric emptying ISGPS definition pyloric ring resection

Grain-size distribution in suspension over a sand-gravel bed in open channel flow

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第2期29卷 184-194页

作者： Koeli GHOSHAL Debasish pal Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur-721302India.Asst.Prof.Dr. Department of Mathematics Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurKharagpur-721302India.Ph.D.Student

Grain-size distributions of suspended load over a sand-gravel bed at two different flow velocities were studied in a laboratory *** experiments had been performed to study the influence of flow velocity and suspension height on grain-size distribution in suspension over a sand-gravel *** experimental findings show that with an increase of flow velocity,the grain-size distribution of suspended load changed from a skewed form to a bimodal one at higher suspension *** study focuses on the determination of the parameter β;which is the ratio of the sediment diffusion coefficient to the momentum diffusion coefficient of n th grain-size.A new relationship has been proposed involving β;,the normalizing settling velocity of sediment particles and suspension height,which is applicable for widest range of normalizing settling velocity available in literature so far.A similar parameter β for calculating total suspension concentration is also *** classical Rouse equation is modified with β;and β and used to compute grain-size distribution and total concentration in suspension,*** computed values have shown good agreement with the measured values of experimental data.

关键词： Diffusion coefficient Flow velocity Grain-size distribution Rouse equation Suspended load

Machine Learning-based Electric Load Forecasting for Peak Demand Control in Smart Grid

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第3期74卷 4785-4799页

作者： Manish Kumar Nitai pal Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(ISM)Dhanbad826004India Department of Nuclear Science&Technology Pandit Deendayal Energy UniversityGandhinagarIndia

Increasing energy demands due to factors such as population,globalization,and industrialization has led to increased challenges for existing energy *** ways of energy generation and energy consumption like smart grids and smart homes are implemented to face these challenges with reliable,cheap,and easily available sources of *** integration of renewable energy and other clean distributed generation is increasing continuously to reduce carbon and other air pollutants *** the integration of distributed energy sources and increase in electric demand enhance instability in the ***-term electrical load forecasting reduces the grid fluctuation and enhances the robustness and power quality of the *** load forecasting in advance on the basic historical data modelling plays a crucial role in peak electrical demand control,reinforcement of the grid demand,and generation balancing with cost *** accurate forecasting of electrical data is a very challenging task due to the nonstationary and nonlinearly nature of the *** learning and artificial intelligence have recognized more accurate and reliable load forecastingmethods based on historical load *** purpose of this study is to model the electrical load of Jajpur,Orissa Grid for forecasting of load using regression type machine learning algorithms Gaussian process regression(GPR).The historical electrical data and whether data of Jajpur is taken for modelling and simulation and the data is decided in such a way that the model will be considered to learn the connection among past,current,and future dependent variables,factors,and the relationship among *** on this modelling of data the network will be able to forecast the peak load of the electric grid one day *** study is very helpful in grid stability and peak load control management.

关键词： Artificial intelligence electric load forecasting machine learning peak-load control renewable energy smart grids

Development of carbon composite iron ore micropellets by using the microfines of iron ore and carbon-bearing materials in iron making

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International Journal of Minerals,Metallurgy and Materials 2015年第2期22卷 132-140页

作者： Jagannath pal Satadal Ghorai Avimanyu Das National Metallurgical Laboratory Council of Scientific and Industrial Research

Iron ore microfines and concentrate have very limited uses in sintering processes. They are used in pelletization; however, this process is cost intensive. Furthermore, the microfines of non-coking coal and other carbon-bearing materials, e.g., blast-furnace flue dust （BFD） and coke frees, are not used extensively in the metallurgical industry because of operational difficu]ties and handling problems. In the present work, to utilize these microfines, coal composite iron oxide micropellets （2-6 mm in size） were produced through an innovative technique in which lime and molasses were used as binding materials in the micropellets. The micropellets were subsequently treated with CO2 or the industrial waste gas to induce the chemical bond formation. The results show that, at a very high carbon level of 22wt% （38wt% coal）, the cold crushing strength and abrasion index of the micropellets are 2.5-3 kg/cm2 and 5wt%-9wt%, respectively; these values indicate that the pellets are suitable for cold handling. The developed micropellets have strong potential as a heat source in smelting reduction in iron making and sintering to reduce coke breeze. The micropellets produced with BFD and coke fines （8wt%-12wt%） were used in iron ore sin- tering and were observed to reduce the coke breeze consumption by 3%-4%. The quality of the produced sinter was at par with that of the conventional blast-furnace sinter.

关键词： ironmaking microfines non-coking coal iron ore concentrates micropellets pelletizing, waste utilization