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Radical innovation breakthroughs of biodegradation of plastics by insects:history,present and future perspectives

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第6期18卷 127-165页

作者： Shan-Shan Yang Wei-Min Wu Federica Bertocchini Mark Eric Benbow Suja P.Devipriya Hyung Joon Cha Bo-Yu Peng Meng-Qi Ding Lei He Mei-Xi Li Chen-Hao Cui Shao-Nan Shi Han-Jun Sun Ji-Wei Pang Defu He Yalei Zhang Jun Yang deyi hou De-Feng Xing Nan-Qi Ren Jie Ding Craig S.Criddle State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150090China Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering William&Cloy Codiga Resource Recovery CenterStanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA Plasticentropy rue Thiers 28Reims 51100France Department of Entomology and Department of Osteopathic Medical Specialties Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA School of Environmental Studies Cochin University of Science and TechnologyKochi 682022India Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea School of Environmental Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group CECEP Talroad Technology Co.Ltd.Beijing 100096China School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China Research Institute for Frontier Science Beihang UniversityBeijing 100191China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Insects damaging and penetrating plastic packaged materials has been reported since the 1950s.Radical innovation breakthroughs of plastic biodegradation have been initiated since the discovery of biodegradation of plastics by Tenebrio molitor larvae in 2015 followed by Galleria mellonella in 2017.Here we review updated studies on the insect-mediated biodegradation of plastics.Plastic biodegradation by insect larvae,mainly by some species of darkling beetles(Tenebrionidae)and pyralid moths(Pyralidae)is currently a highly active and potentially transformative area of research.Over the past eight years,publications have increased explosively,including discoveries of the ability of different insect species to biodegrade plastics,biodegradation performance,and the contribution of host and microbiomes,impacts of polymer types and their physic-chemical properties,and responsible enzymes secreted by the host and gut microbes.To date,almost all major plastics including polyethylene(PE),polypropylene(PP),polyvinyl chloride(PVC),polyethylene terephthalate(PET),polyurethane(PUR),and polystyrene(PS)can be biodegraded by T.molitor and ten other insect species representing the Tenebrionidae and Pyralidae families.The biodegradation processes are symbiotic reactions or performed by synergistic efforts of both host and gut-microbes to rapidly depolymerize and biodegrade plastics with hourly half-lives.The digestive ezymens and bioreagents screted by the insects play an essential role in plasatic biodegradation in certain species of Tenebrionidae and Pyralidae families.New research on the insect itself,gut microbiomes,transcriptomes,proteomes and metabolomes has evaluated the mechanisms of plastic biodegradation in insects.We conclude this review by discussing future research perspectives on insect-mediated biodegradation of plastics.

关键词： Plastics Biodegradation Insects Gut microbiomes Enzymes

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An emerging market for groundwater remediation in China： Policies, statistics, and future outlook

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2018年第1期12卷 1-3页

作者： deyi hou Guanghe Li Paul Nathanai . School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China.. School of Geography University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK

There is a rapidly emerging and potentially huge market for the remediation of contaminated ground- water in China. The Chinese government published a Water Action Plan in April 2015, a Soil Action Plan in May 2016, and a draft Soil Pollution Prevention and Control Law in June 2017. All of these new policies and regulations put pressures on local governments and contaminated site owners, obliging them to conduct site investigation and to cleanup contaminated groundwater. The Chinese population in northern regions heavily depend on groundwater, with nearly 70% of water supply coming from aquifer sources in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region. However, poor groundwater quality due to natural geochemical background and anthropogeic pollution is a serious concern, with poor or very poor quality water observed in nearly 80% of groundwater monitoring wells in 17 northern provinces. Shallow groundwater in many areas has been contaminated by toxic pollutants such as heavy metals and chlorinated organic compounds. There is an urgent need to better understand the situation and to conduct groundwater remediation at contaminated sites. The Chinese government is investing heavily in the research and development for groundwater remediation, which is expected to greatly add to the quality and quantity of groundwater remediation projects in the near future.

关键词： Groundwater pollution Contaminated land,Groundwater remediation Emerging market

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汞污染地块分级风险管控技术体系研究

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地学前缘 2024年第2期31卷 1-12页

作者：赵彬杨洋张昊金远亮侯德义广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所广东广州510650 清华大学环境学院北京100084 生态环境部土壤与农业农村生态环境监管技术中心北京100012

有色金属冶炼、电石法聚氯乙烯、汞触媒等特定行业已经形成数量不等的汞污染地块。精准识别地块中汞污染分布及迁移归趋,构建基于环境风险的防控技术体系,是此类地块有效修复与风险管控的关键。本文通过分析汞污染地块的特点及成因,总... 详细信息

有色金属冶炼、电石法聚氯乙烯、汞触媒等特定行业已经形成数量不等的汞污染地块。精准识别地块中汞污染分布及迁移归趋,构建基于环境风险的防控技术体系,是此类地块有效修复与风险管控的关键。本文通过分析汞污染地块的特点及成因,总结了发达国家在政策法规、标准制定和制度建设等方面的历史实践经验,并结合我国在汞污染防控方面已有的相关法律、法规与管理政策,提出了基于环境风险量化表征与逐级分类管控的综合技术体系。首先,以健康与生态保护为核心要素,对环境风险精准量化表征,重点考虑地块中汞的赋存形态与生物有效性、特殊暴露途径与敏感受体、迁移与归趋等特征化因子;其次,基于污染调查与风评结果进行风险筛查,对地块风险等级进行科学划分;最后,从标准限值、修复技术和管理制度3个角度,选择与风险等级相匹配的差异化管控技术。该技术体系以风险管控为导向、以量化评估为基础、系统修复与全过程管理为途径,形成全方位、立体化、精准性的汞污染地块风险管理模式,符合《土壤污染防治行动计划》(“土十条”)的基本原则,为我国地块尺度汞污染控制提供体系保障,支撑我国《关于汞的水俣公约》履约活动。

关键词：汞污染地块风险管控制度控制技术体系

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Unraveling natural aging-induced properties change of sludge-derived hydrochar and enhanced cadmium sorption site heterogeneity

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 615-634页

作者： Bingyu Wang Cenyao Shang Huifang Xie Haijun Sun Qiang Zhang Lihong Xue Filip M.G.Tack deyi hou Yanfang Feng Jörg Rinklebe Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental and Biological EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in Downstream of Yangtze Plain National Agricultural Experiment Station for Agricultural EnvironmentMinistry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsInstitute of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentJiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesNanjing 210014China Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of ForestryNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China Department of Green Chemistry and Technology Ghent University9052 GhentBelgium School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China School of Architecture and Civil Engineering Institute of Foundation EngineeringWaterand Waste-ManagementLaboratory of Soiland Groundwater-ManagementUniversity of WuppertalPauluskirchstraße 742285 WuppertalGermany

Hydrochar has potential applications in soil improvement and heavy metal remediation.Hydrochar would undergo the process of aging when introduced into the soil,altering its properties.However,recent studies have focused mainly on the artificial aging of hydrochar,which could not reveal the cumulative effect of multiple environmental factors.Therefore,the periodical monitoring of the property and sorption behavior of hydrochar after amending soils is necessary to better understand the multifaceted mechanisms associated with the natural aging of hydrochar.This study selected the sludge-derived hydrochar(SLHC)as a typical hydrochar and applied a 16-month rice-wheat-rice rotation to mimic the natural aging of hydrochar,focusing on changing properties and cadmium(Cd)sorption and literature contrast between aging strategies and biochar types.The porosity,O abundance,and ash content of 16-month aged SLHC increased by 37%,47%,and 8.5%,respectively,facilitating Cd sorption due to surface complexation,pore sorption,and precipitation.The sorption percentage of Cd to SLHC was in the range of 11-14%for SLHC-A0 and increased to 17-31%for SLHC-A4 and 20-32%for SLHC-A16 after natural aging.The natural aging of SLHC induced by ash content played an essential role in Cd sorption site heterogeneity.Linear regression analysis showed that aging strategies on sorption behavior significantly differed between biochars.Thus,studies involving natural aging with multiple environmental factors are preferred over those involving chemical or biological aging.Future studies should continue to explore the mechanisms of natural aging-induced heavy metal sorption between hydrochar and pyrochar.These results improve insights to appraise the potential of SLHC as soil amendments to alleviate the adverse effects of heavy metal contamination and provide an essential basis for researchers and staff in soil management and environmental prevention.

关键词： Sludge-derived hydrochar Hydrothermal carbonization Natural aging Physicochemical properties Sorption behavior Cadmium

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Insights into simultaneous adsorption and oxidation of antimonite[Sb(III)]by crawfish shell-derived biochar:spectroscopic investigation and theoretical calculations

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Biochar 2022年第1期4卷 561-576页

作者： Hanbo Chen Yurong Gao Jianhong Li Chenghua Sun Binoy Sarkar Amit Bhatnagar Nanthi Bolan Xing Yang Jun Meng Zhongzhen Liu Hong hou Jonathan WCWong deyi hou Wenfu Chen Hailong Wang School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Foshan University528000 FoshanGuangdongChina Agronomy College Shenyang Agricultural University110866 ShenyangChina Key Laboratory of Biochar and Soil Improvement Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs110866 ShenyangChina Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology Center for Translational AtomaterialsSwinburne University of Technology3122 HawthornVICAustralia Future Industries Institute University of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA 5095Australia Department of Separation Science LUT School of Engineering ScienceLUT UniversitySammonkatu 12FI-50130 MikkeliFinland School of Agriculture and Environment The University of Western Australia6001 PerthWAAustralia The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia6001 PerthWAAustralia Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences510640 GuangzhouChina State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences100012 BeijingChina Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong SARChina School of Environment Tsinghua University100084 BeijingChina Guangdong Green Technologies Co. Ltd528100 FoshanChina

Removal of antimonite[Sb(Ⅲ)]from the aquatic environment and reducing its biotoxicity is urgently needed to safeguard environmental and human health.Herein,crawfish shell-derived biochars(CSB),pyrolyzed at 350,500,and 650℃,were used to remediate Sb(Ⅲ)in aqueous solutions.The adsorption data best fitted to the pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models.Biochar produced at 350℃(CSB350)showed the highest adsorption capacity(27.7 mg g^(−1)),and the maximum 78%oxidative conversion of Sb(Ⅲ)to Sb(V).The adsorption results complemented with infrared(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron(XPS),and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure(NEXAFS)spectroscopy analyses indicated that the adsorption of Sb(Ⅲ)on CSB involved electrostatic interaction,surface complexation with oxygen-containing functional groups(C=O,O=C-O),π-πcoordination with aromatic C=C and C-H groups,and H-bonding with-OH group.Density functional theory calculations verified that surface complexation was the most dominant adsorption mechanism,whilstπ-πcoordination and H-bonding played a secondary role.Furthermore,electron spin resonance(ESR)and mediated electrochemical reduction/oxidation(MER/MEO)analyses confirmed that Sb(Ⅲ)oxidation at the biochar surface was governed by persistent free radicals(PFRs)(•O_(2)^(−)and•OH)and the electron donating/accepting capacity(EDC/EAC)of biochar.The abundance of preferable surface functional groups,high concentration of PFRs,and high EDC conferred CSB350 the property of an optimal adsorbent/oxidant for Sb(Ⅲ)removal from water.The encouraging results of this study call for future trials to apply suitable biochar for removing Sb(Ⅲ)from wastewater at pilot scale and optimize the process.

关键词： Sorption Heavy metal Synchrotron Density functional theory Contaminated water

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Treatability of volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated soils of different textures along a vertical profile by mechanical soil aeration：A laboratory test

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第4期29卷 328-335页

作者： Yan Ma Yi Shi deyi hou Xi Zhang Jiaqi Chen Zhifen Wang Zhu Xu Fasheng Li Xiaoming Du School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining &Technology Beijing 100083 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China BGI Engineering Consultants Ltd. Beijing 100038 China School of Environment and Energy Peking University Shenzhen 518055 China

Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology that is suitable for sites contaminated with volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons（VCHs）. Conventionally, this technique is used to treat the mixed soil of a site without considering the diversity and treatability of different soils within the site. A laboratory test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mechanical soil aeration for remediating soils of different textures（silty,clayey, and sandy soils） along a vertical profile at an abandoned chloro-alkali chemical site in China. The collected soils were artificially contaminated with chloroform（TCM） and trichloroethylene（TCE）. Mechanical soil aeration was effective for remediating VCHs（removal efficiency 〉 98%）. The volatilization process was described by an exponential kinetic function.In the early stage of treatment（0–7 hr）, rapid contaminant volatilization followed a pseudofirst order kinetic model. VCH concentrations decreased to low levels and showed a tailing phenomenon with very slow contaminant release after 8 hr. Compared with silty and sandy soils, clayey soil has high organic-matter content, a large specific surface area, a high clay fraction, and a complex pore structure. These characteristics substantially influenced the removal process, making it less efficient, more time consuming, and consequently more expensive. Our findings provide a potential basis for optimizing soil remediation strategy in a cost-effective manner.

关键词： Contaminated site Texture of soil profile Particle-size fraction Volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons（VCHs） Mechanical soil aeration Treatability test

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Engineering practice of mechanical soil aeration for the remediation of volatile organic compound-contaminated sites in China： Advantages and challenges

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第6期10卷 17-27页

作者： Yan Ma Xiaoming Du Yi Shi deyi hou Binbin Dong Zhu Xu Huiying Li Yunfeng Xie Jidun Fang Zheng Li Yunzhe Cao Qingbao Gu Fasheng Li School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering China University of Mining & Technology Beijing 100083 China Department of Soil Pollution Control State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China School of Environment Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Beijing Key Laboratory for Risk Modeling and Remediation of Contaminated Sites Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Beijing 100037 China Shandong Key Laboratory of Eco-Environmental Science for Yellow River Delta Binzhou University Binzhou 256600 China

In recent years, many industrial enterprises located in the urban centers of China have been relocated owing to the rapid increase in urban development. At the sites abandoned by these enterprises, volatile organic compounds have frequently been detected, sometimes at high concentrations, particularly at sites abandoned by chemical manufacturing enterprises. With the redevelopment of sites and changes in land-use tvpe associated with these sites, substantial amounts of contaminated soils now require remediation. ＂Since China is a developing country, soil remediation warrants the usage of techniques that are suitable for addressing the unique challenges faced in this country. Land shortage is a common problem in China; the large numbers of contaminated sites, tight development schedules, and limited financial resources necessitate the development of .cost-effective methods for land reclamation.Mechanical soil aeration is a simple, effective, and low-cost soil remediation tectm^que mat is particularly suitable for the remediation of large volatile organic compound-contaminated sites. Its effectiveness has been confirmed by conducting laboratory studies, pilot tests, and full-scale projects.This study reviews current engineei-ing practice and developmental trends of mechanical soil aeration and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology for application in China as an emerging soil remediation market. The findings of this study might aid technology development in China, as well as assist other developing countries in the assessment and implementation of costeffective hazardous waste site soil remediation programs.

关键词： Soil contamination Volatile organic compound Mechanical soil aeration Engineering practice China

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我国工业场地地下水污染防治十大科技难题

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环境科学研究 2022年第9期35卷 2015-2025页

作者：侯德义清华大学环境学院北京100084

我国工业场地地下水污染严重,污染地块省级名录中含地下水信息的地块有31%存在地下水污染.近年来,地下水风险管控和修复工作日益得到政府和行业的高度关注,相关环境管理体系逐步完善.2021年国务院发布的《地下水管理条例》将会进一步推... 详细信息

我国工业场地地下水污染严重,污染地块省级名录中含地下水信息的地块有31%存在地下水污染.近年来,地下水风险管控和修复工作日益得到政府和行业的高度关注,相关环境管理体系逐步完善.2021年国务院发布的《地下水管理条例》将会进一步推动工业场地的污染地下水风险管控与修复治理工作.但是,我国当前地下水领域的相关研究仍然比较薄弱,不能完全满足国家的重大需求.本文根据地下水修复领域国际研究前沿和国内的发展与管理现状,提出未来污染场地地下水修复的十大科学与技术挑战:地下水修复与风险管控的绿色可持续性,污染物及水文地质条件的精准刻画与风险评估,水土协同治理,低渗透地层及透镜体的反向扩散,原位氧化和生物修复过程中的有毒副产物生成,物理分离技术的拖尾,地下水修复中的污染物反弹,大型复杂污染场地的治理与管控,岩溶裂隙水污染迁移与风险管控方法,以及地下水中新污染物.克服这些科技挑战的过程也必将给我国地下水污染防治事业的发展带来重大的机遇.

关键词：工业污染场地地下水污染风险管控修复挑战

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塑岩：成因、分布与微塑料释放特征

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环境科学研究 2023年第8期36卷 1457-1466页

作者：王刘炜侯德义清华大学环境学院

塑料污染是受到全球广泛关注的环境问题，对人体健康与生态系统造成潜在威胁.已有证据表明，塑料能够与自然界的岩石发生稳定结合，成为人类活动作为一种新的地质营力影响地球地质周期的直接证据.在这些发现的基础上，本文提出并定义了... 详细信息

塑料污染是受到全球广泛关注的环境问题，对人体健康与生态系统造成潜在威胁.已有证据表明，塑料能够与自然界的岩石发生稳定结合，成为人类活动作为一种新的地质营力影响地球地质周期的直接证据.在这些发现的基础上，本文提出并定义了一种新的沉积岩类型——塑岩.塑岩是塑料与碎屑物质胶结形成的沉积岩；在塑岩中，肉眼可见的塑料与沉积岩原始物质成分在地壳表层的条件下，经熔化-凝固、蒸发、吸附等物理、化学过程，发生了不可逆的结合.在前期发现的基础上，针对2022年7月在广西壮族自治区河池市采集得到的陆地生态系统塑岩样品，进一步研究其在干湿循环情形下微塑料的释放与粒径分布特征.研究表明，在干湿循环老化情形下，从塑岩中释放得到的微塑料的粒径分布可以被条件概率老化模型刻画.从塑岩中剥离的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)塑料的破碎维数总体在1.5～2.5之间浮动，呈现出二维破碎的特征；LDPE的破碎过程存在先加剧后减缓的过程，但PP的破碎维数恒定在2附近，预示塑岩结合的PP塑料具有长期释放微塑料的能力.除此之外，在塑岩释放的微塑料中，超过60%为具有较高迁移性的圆球状微塑料，其平均粒径显著低于其他形状，具有较高的迁移性，预示着潜在的生态风险.需要指出的是，目前针对塑岩的相关报道对其胶结成岩过程以及在自然界中的长期环境行为仍不甚明确，后续研究需要对其在自然环境中的成岩过程、赋存规律与长期归趋开展进一步研究与观测.

关键词：沉积岩塑岩地质粒径分布微塑料

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土壤健康评估指标、框架及程序研究进展

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土壤学报 2022年第3期59卷 617-624页

作者：李烜桢骆永明侯德义河南农业大学林学院郑州450002 中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室(南京土壤研究所) 南京210008 清华大学环境学院北京100084

土壤健康已经成为土壤学中的研究热点。对土壤健康进行科学的评估是进行土壤健康管理和实现可持续发展目标的基础。然而,由于土壤具有多种属性和生态服务功能,科学地进行土壤健康评估面临着巨大的挑战。本文回顾了土壤健康概念的发展历... 详细信息

土壤健康已经成为土壤学中的研究热点。对土壤健康进行科学的评估是进行土壤健康管理和实现可持续发展目标的基础。然而,由于土壤具有多种属性和生态服务功能,科学地进行土壤健康评估面临着巨大的挑战。本文回顾了土壤健康概念的发展历程,总结了进行土壤健康评估的物理、化学和生物学指标及其表征意义;介绍了目前常用的土壤健康评估框架及其适用性,梳理了土壤健康评估的一般程序,并指出我国未来的土壤健康评估应该关注碳汇指标、生物学指标和环境指标。本文旨在为建立符合我国国情的土壤健康评估方法提供借鉴。

关键词：土壤健康评估方法指标最小数据集土壤健康指数

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