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Application of hopcalite catalyst for controlling carbon monoxide emission at cold-start emission conditions

Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2019年第5期6卷 419-440页

作者： Subhashish Dey Ganesh Chandra Dhal devendra mohan Ram Prasad Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University) Varanasi 221005 India

Carbon monoxide(CO) is a poisonous gas particularly to all leaving being present in the *** estimate has shown that the vehicular exhaust contributes the largest source of CO pollution in developed *** to the exponentially increasing number of automobile vehicles on roads,CO concentrations have reached an alarming level in urban *** control this vehicular exhaust pollution,the end-of-pipe-technology using catalytic converters is *** catalysts operating efficiently in a catalytic converter are a challenging class of materials for applications in cold start of engines to maintain indoor air *** the cold start period,the catalytic converter was entirely inactive,because the catalytic converter had not been warmed *** cold start phase is also depending upon the characteristics of vehicles and property of *** increasing cost of noble metals with the increasing number of vehicles motivates the investigation of material concepts to reduce the precious metal content in automotive catalysts or to find a substitute for noble ***(CuMnOx) catalyst could work very well at the low temperature;thus,it can overcome the problem of cold-start emissions if used in a catalytic ***,low cost,easy availability and advanced synthesis methods with stabilizer,promoter,etc.,advocates for the use of hopcalite as an auto exhaust purification *** there are numerous research articles present on this topic until now,no review has been presented for demanding this *** there is a space in this area,and it has been made an attempt to seal this hole and progress the future scope for hopcalite catalyst for purification of exhaust gases by this review.

关键词： Automobile vehicle Hopcalite catalyst Catalytic converter applications Cold start emission Carbon monoxide

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Effect of Surface Roughness on Laser Induced Nonlinear Optical Properties of Annealed ZnO Thin Films

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2012年第6期28卷 506-511页

作者： Vinay Kumari Vinod Kumar devendra mohan Purnima B.P.Malik R.M.Mehra Department of Physics BMIETSonepat 131001India Department of Physics DCRUSTMurthal 131027India Materials Science Group Inter University Accelerator CentreAruna Asaf Ali MargNew Delhi 110067India Department of Applied Physics GJUS&THisar 125001India School of Engineering and Technology Sharda UniversityGreater Noida 201306India

Variation of nonlinear optical properties with surface roughness of ZnO thin films deposited on coming glass substrates at different annealing temperature （TA） was reported. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, UV-Vis-NIR transmission and single beam z-scan technique using second harmonics of Nd：YAG laser. Surface morphology of the samples was investigated by atomic force microscopy （AFM）. Surface roughness was found minimum （8.4 nm） for ZnO sample annealed at 450℃. The nonlinear optical properties （NLO） were found to be dependent on surface roughness and the highest value of third order nonlinear susceptibility （X（3）=4.3x 10-7 esu） was obtained for ZnO at TA 450℃.

关键词： ZnO films Sol-gel Annealing temperature Nonlinear optical properties Thirdorder nonlinear susceptibility z-scan

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VARIABLE MESH FINITE DIFFERENCE METHOD FOR SELF-ADJOINT SINGULARLY PERTURBED TWO-POINT BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2010年第5期28卷 711-724页

作者： mohan K.Kadalbajoo devendra Kumar Department of Mathematics & Statistics

A numerical method based on finite difference method with variable mesh is given for self-adjoint singularly perturbed two-point boundary value problems. To obtain parameter- uniform convergence, a variable mesh is constructed, which is dense in the boundary layer region and coarse in the outer region. The uniform convergence analysis of the method is discussed. The original problem is reduced to its normal form and the reduced problem is solved by finite difference method taking variable mesh. To support the efficiency of the method, several numerical examples have been considered.

关键词： Singularly perturbed boundary value problems Finite difference method,Boundary layer Parameter uniform-convergence Variable mesh.

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