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Forecasting the spatial and temporal charging demand of fully electrified urban private car transportation based on large-scale traffic simulation

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Green Energy and Intelligent Transportation 2023年第1期2卷 48-66页

作者： Florian straub Otto Maier Dietmar Göohlich a Yuan Zou Technische Universitäat Berlin Chair of Methods for Product Development and MechatronicsStraße des 17.Juni 13510623 BerlinGermany Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Electric Vehicle National Engineering Laboratory for Electric VehiclesSchool of Mechanical EngineeringBeijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China

To support power grid operators to detect and evaluate potential power grid congestions due to the electrification of urban private cars,accurate models are needed to determine the charging energy and power demand of battery electric vehicles(BEVs)with high spatial and temporal ***,e-mobility traffic simulations are used for this *** particular,activity-based mobility models are used because they individually model the activity and travel patterns of each person in the considered geographical *** addition to inaccuracies in determining the spatial distribution of BEV charging demand,one main limitation of the activity-based models proposed in the literature is that they rely on data describing traffic flow in the considered ***,these data are not available for most places in the ***,this paper proposes a novel approach to develop an activity-based model that overcomes the spatial limitations and does not require traffic flow data as an input ***,a route assignment procedure assigns a destination to each BEV trip based on the evaluation of all possible *** basis of this evaluation is the travel distance and speed between the origin of the trip and the destination,as well as the car-access attractiveness and the availability of parking spots at the *** applicability of this model is demonstrated for the urban area of Berlin,Germany,and its 448 *** each district in Berlin,both the required daily BEV charging energy demand and the power demand are *** addition,the load shifting potential is investigated for an exemplary *** results show that peak power demand can be reduced by up to 31.7%in comparison to uncontrolled charging.

关键词： Electric vehicle Activity-based simulation Transportation electrification Spatial temporal distribution of charging demand Open data

Comparing the Effect of Pruning on a Best Path and a Na?ve-approach Blackboard Solver

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International Journal of Automation and computing 2015年第5期12卷 503-510页

作者： Jeremy straub Department of Computer Science University of North DakotaGrand Forks North Dakota 58202 USA

A na?ve solver is one approach that can be used to identify prospective solutions based on data on(or projected to be on) a Blackboard Architecture’s blackboard. The na?ve solver approach doesn t implement heuristics or other techniques to determine what solution paths to attempt first. Instead, it runs the blackboard forward(simulating what would occur if data were gradually added to the blackboard at a faster-than-real time rate). The approach doesn t guarantee that an optimal solution will be found and will need to be run repetitively to create multiple solutions for comparison. This paper assesses the effect of pre-pruning the blackboard’s facts and rules to remove those that are not relevant(e.g., facts that cannot be asserted, rules that cannot be triggered) or which produce irrelevant facts and pruning actions that produce irrelevant facts(and/or trigger other similarly useless actions). It describes the Blackboard implementation and its utility, explains the pruning process used and presents quantitative and qualitative assessment of the utility of pruning to a na?ve solver’s operations. This value is extrapolated to facilitate consideration of a more robust pruning process which also removes low-value facts, actions and rules in addition to those being removed due to their uselessness.

关键词： Blackboard Architecture blackboard maintenance con

The private self and literacy, a synopsis Hans straub traces the development of silent reading and the ' inner voice'

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基础教育外语教学研究 2004年第9期 40-41页

作者： Hans straub

In the English language there are many expressions and words that indicate our high valuation of the individual. Any dictionary will give you several pages of words that have ‘self' as a component. Philosophically, self is synonymous with the ego,but encompasses one's nature, one's uniqueness, in short,one's individuality, which has come to be positively valued in Western culture. In fact, the idea of self and being has become interwoven in Western culture. What accounts for therelatively high valuation placed on the self in the West as compared, a lesser valuation of the same in other, more collectivistic cultures?

关键词：教学大纲读写能力默读法中小学英语阅读技巧

Modelling stratified forest attributes using optical/LiDAR features in a central European landscape

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2012年第2期5卷 106-132页

作者： Hooman Latifi Arne Nothdurft Christoph straub Barbara Koch Department of Remote Sensing and Landscape Information Systems University of FreiburgTennenbacherstraßeFreiburgGermany Department of Biometry and Informatics Forest Research Institute Baden WurttembergWonnhaldestraßeFreiburgGermany

Improvements in the acquisition of three-dimensional(3D)information from the Airborne Laser Scanner(ALS)increase its applications for studying Earth’s *** use of ALS data in natural resource inventories is still in an experimental stage in central ***,a survey was completed in Germany,where plot-level features from LANDSAT Thematic Mapper and ALS data were *** automated process was developed for forest stratification using orthoimages.A genetic algorithm was applied for variable *** subsets of different sizes were employed for simultaneous predictions of structural forest attributes using the‘Random Forest’(RF)*** was assessed by leave-one-out cross-validations on bootstrap resample *** indicate that the stratification of forest notably improved the results of *** improvements were more obvious for the strata-related *** was enhanced as the number of selected variables ***,parsimonious models are still essentially required for practical *** RF errors were slightly greater than those from least squares regression,as the non-parametric methods do not share the same mix of error components as *** the combination of remote sensing and modelling,we conclude that our results are helpful for bridging the gap between regional earth observation and on-the-ground forest structure.

关键词： spatial prediction natural resource inventory ALS Digital Earth data fusion remote sensing

Quantification of human telomerase RNA (hTR) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) mRNA in testicular tissue of infertile patients

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2001年第4期3卷 263-270页

作者： Mark Schrader Markus Müller Rüdiger Heicappell Bernd straub Kurt Miller Department of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin GermanyDepartment of Urology Universitatsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Freie Universitat Berlin Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin Germany

Aim: To evaluate the quantitative detection of human telomerase RNA (hTR) and human telomerase reverse tran-scriptase (hTERT) mRNA as diagnostic parameters in the workup of testicular tissue specimens from patients presentingwith non-obstructive azoospermia. Methods: hTR and hTERT mRNA expression were quantified in 38 cryopre-served testicular tissue specimens by fluorescence real-time reverse transcription - polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)in a LightCycler(r). This was paralleled by conventional histological workup in all tissue specimens and additionalsemithin sectioning preparation in cases with maturation arrest (n = 12) and Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (n = 12). Re-sults; The average normalized hTERT expression (N_(hTERT)) was 131.9±48.0 copies (mean ± SD) in tissue speci-mens with full spermatogenesis, N_(hTERT) = 51.2 ±17.2 copies in those with maturation arrest and N_(hTERT) = 2.7 ± 2.4copies in those with Sertoli-cell-only syndrome (SCOS). The discriminant analysis showed that detection of N_(hTERT)(N_(hTR)) had a predictive value of 86.8% (55.3%) for correct classification in one of the three histological ***; Our results demonstrate that quantitative detection of hTERT mRNA expression in testicular tissue en-ables a molecular-diagnostic classification of gametogenesis. Quantitative detection of hTERT in testicular biopsies isthus well suited for supplementing the histopathological evaluation. (Asian J Androl 2001 Dec; 3: 263 - 270)

关键词： spermatogenesis human telomerase reverse transcriptase human telomerase RNA fertility

An origin of the along-arc compositional variation in the Izu-Bonin arc system

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Geoscience Frontiers 2020年第5期11卷 1621-1634页

作者： Kathryn Durkin Paterno R.Castillo Susanne M.straub Natsue Abe Yoshihiko Tamura Quanshu Yan Scripps Institution of Oceanography UCSD9500 Gilman DriveLa JollaCA92093-0212USA Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia Univ.61 US-9WPalisadesNY10964USA Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology(JAMSTEC) 2-15 Natsushima-choJapan Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentary and Environmental Geology The First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

The Izu-Bonin arc system is sediment-poor(~400 m thick with no accretionary prism)and,therefore,the influence of the altered oceanic crust(AOC)is most likely the source of the documented along-arc lava compositional variations,especially in Pb ***-Bonin arc lava geochemistry suggests an influx of subduction component from an Indian-type ***,samples drilled from the western Pacific geochemical reference site at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Site 1149 implies subduction of a Pacific-type *** solve the apparent discrepancy of slab input versus arc output in this arc system,samples of the AOC were dredged from vertical fault scarps of the subducting Pacific Plate along a transect from 27.5°N to 34.50 *** range from tholeiitic to mildly alkalic mid-ocean ridge basalts as well as trachybasalts,basaltic trachyandesites,tephrites,and *** ratios also exhibit a range of values(87Sr/86Sr=0.70282-0.70673,143 Nd/144 Nd=0.512552-0.513174,206Pb/204 Pb=18.43-20.00,207 Pb/204 Pb=15.40-15.67,208Pb/204Pb=37.75-39.55).Our results suggest that there is a geochemical variation in the AOC that is neither completely due to seawater or hydrothermal alteration,nor to petrogenetic ***,this variation is the result of the Pacific-Izanagi Ridge system tapping into a heterogeneous,plume-polluted mantle source during the Mid-Cretaceous volcanic *** observed Pacific-type AOC is not responsible for the Indian-type Pb isotopic signature of Izu-Bonin arc *** leads us to propose an alternative scenario where the Izu-Bonin arc lava Indian-type Pb isotopic signature originates from slab-derived fluids interacting and adsorbing Pb from an Indian-type mantle wedge through zone-refining.

关键词： Izu-Bonin AOC Pb-isotopes Indian-type Zone-refining

Model Based Data Transmission: Analysis of Link Budget Requirement Reduction

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Communications and Network 2012年第4期4卷 278-287页

作者： Jeremy straub Department of Computer Science University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

Communications capability can be a significant constraint on the utility of a spacecraft. While conventionally enhanced through the use of a larger transmitting or receiving antenna or through augmenting transmission power, communications capability can also be enhanced via incorporating more data in every unit of transmission. Model Based Transmission Reduction (MBTR) increases the mission utility of spacecraft via sending higher-level messages which rely on preshared (or, in some cases, co-transmitted) data. Because of this a priori knowledge, the amount of information contained in a MBTR message significantly exceeds the amount the amount of information in a conventional message. MBTR has multiple levels of operation;the lowest, Model Based Data Transmission (MBDT), utilizes a pre-shared lower-resolution data frame, which is augmented in areas of significant discrepancy with data from the higher-resolution source. MBDT is examined, in detail, herein and several approaches to minimizing the required bandwidth for conveying data required to conform to a minimum level of accuracy are considered. Also considered are ways of minimizing transmission requirements when both a model and change data required to attain a desired minimum discrepancy threshold must be transmitted. These possible solutions are compared to alternate transmission techniques including several forms of image compression.

关键词： Spacecraft Communications Data Compression Satellite Communications Link Budget Reduction Image Format

Application of Model-Based Data Transmission Techniques to Gravitational Model Data

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Journal of Data Analysis and Information Processing 2013年第3期1卷 46-57页

作者： Jeremy straub Department of Computer Science University of North Dakota Grand Forks USA

The transmission of scientific data over long distances is required to enable interplanetary science expeditions. Current approaches include transmitting all collected data or transmitting low resolution data to enable ground controller review and selection of data for transmission. Model-based data transmission (MBDT) seeks to increase the amount of knowledge conveyed per unit of data transmitted by comparing high-resolution data collected in situ to a pre-existing (or potentially co-transmitted) model. This paper describes the application of MBDT to gravitational data and characterizes its utility and performance. This is performed by applying the MBDT technique to a selection of gravitational data previously collected for the Earth and comparing the transmission requirements to the level required for raw data transmis-sion and non-application-aware compression. Levels of transmission reduction up to 31.8% (without the use maximum-error-thresholding) and up to 97.17% (with the use of maximum-error-thresholding) resulted. These levels significantly exceed what is possible with non-application-aware compression.

关键词： Spacecraft Communications Link Budget Reduction Gravitational Model Data Gravitational Model Data Processing High-Value Transmission Deep Space Enabling Technologies

Role of HSP-90 for increased nNOS-mediated vasodilation in mesenteric arteries in portal hypertension

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第15期16卷 1837-1844页

作者： Lukas Moleda Lars Jurzik Matthias Froh Erwin Gbele Claus Hellerbrand Rainer H straub Jürgen Schlmerich Reiner Wiest Department of Internal Medicine I University Medical Center

AIM:To explore the role of heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90) for nitrergic vasorelaxation in the splanchnic circulation in rats with and without portal hypertension. METHODS: Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and HSP-90 were analyzed by immunofluorescence, western blotting and co-immunoprecipitation in the mesenteric vasculature and isolated nerves of portal-vein-ligated (PVL) rats and sham operated rats. In vitro perfused de-endothelialized mesenteric arterial vasculature was preconstricted with norepinephrine (EC80) and tested for nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation by periarterial nerve stimulation (PNS, 2-12 Hz, 45V) before and after incubation with geldanamycin (specific inhibitor of HSP-90 signalling, 3 μg/mL) or L-NAME (non-specific NOSblocker, 10-4 mol/L). RESULTS: nNOS and HSP-90 expression was significantly increased in mesenteric nerves from PVL as compared to sham rats. Moreover, nNOS and HSP-90 were visualized in mesenteric nerves by immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation of nNOS co-immunoprecitated HSP-90 in sham and PVL rats. PNS induced a frequencydependent vasorelaxation which was more pronounced in PVL as compared to sham rats. L-NAME and geldanamycin markedly reduced nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation abrogating differences between the study groups. The effect of L-NAME and geldanamycin on nNOS-mediated vasorelaxation was significantly greater in PVL than in sham animals. However, no difference in magnitude of effect between L-NAME and geldanamycin was noted. CONCLUSION: HSP-90 acts as a signalling mediator of nNOS-dependent nerve mediated vascular responses in mesenteric arteries, and the increased nitrergic vasorelaxation observed in portal hypertension is mediated largely by HSP-90.

关键词： Heat shock protein-90 Nitric oxide Vasodilation Portal hypertension Mesenteric circulation