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Reporting of dental status from full-arch radiographs: Descriptive analysis and methodological aspects

World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第10期2卷 552-564页

作者： Fabian Huettig detlef axmann Department of Prosthodontics with Section "Medical Materials and Technology" at the Centre of Dentistry Oral Medicine Maxillofacial Surgery of Eberhard-Karls-University Hospital

AIM: To identify standards, how entities of dental status are assessed and reported from full-arch radiographs of adults. METHODS: A Pub Med(Medline) search was performed in November 2011. Literature had to report at least one out of four defined entities using radiographs:number of teeth or implants; caries, fillings or restorations; root-canal fillings and apical health; alveolar bone level. Cohorts included to the study had to be of adult age. Methods of radiographic assessment were noted and checked for the later mode of report in text, tables or diagrams. For comparability, the encountered modeof report was operationalized to a logical ***: Thirty-seven out of 199 articles were evaluated via full-text review. Only one article reported all four entities. Eight articles reported at the maximum 3 comparable entities. However, comparability is impeded because of the usage of absolute or relative frequency, mean or median values as well as grouping. Furthermore the methods of assessment were different or not described sufficiently. Consequently, established sum scores turned out to be highly questionable, too. The amount of missing data within all studies remained unclear. It is even so remissed to mention supernumerary and aplased teeth as well as the count of third ***: Data about dental findings from radiographs is, if at all possible, only comparable with serious limitations. A standardization of both, assessing and reporting entities of dental status from radiographs is missing and has to be established within a report guideline.

关键词： Research design Guideline Dental radiography Epidemiology Public health EQUATOR

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Ethyl-iophenoxic acid as a quantitative bait marker for small mammals

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第6期17卷 981-990页

作者： Kyra JACOBLINNERT Christian IMHOLT detlef SCHENKE Jens JACOB Julius Kühn Institute(JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Plant Protection in Horticulture and ForestsVertebrate ResearchMünsterGermany Department of Behavioral Biology University of OsnabrückOsnabrückGermany Julius Kühn Institute(JKI) Federal Research Centre for Cultivated PlantsInstitute for Ecological ChemistryPlant Analysis and Stored Product ProtectionBerlinGermany

Bait markers are indispensable for ecological research but in small mammals,most markers are invasive,expensive and do not enable quantitative analyses of ***-iophenoxic acid(Et-IPA)is a non-toxic,quantitative bait marker,which has been used for studying bait uptake in several carnivores and *** developed a bait with Et-IPA,assessed its palatability to common voles(Microtus arvalis),and determined the dose-residue-relation for this important agricultural pest rodent ***-IPA concentrations of 40 to 1280μg Et-IPA per g bait were applied to wheat using sunﬂower oil or polyethylene glycol 300 as potential *** a laboratory study,common voles were offered the bait and blood samples were collected 1,7,and 14 days after *** samples were analyzed with LC-ESI-MS/MS for blood residues of ***ﬂower-oil was the most suitable bait ***-IPA seemed to be palatable to common voles at all test ***-dependent residues could be detected in blood samples in a dose-dependent manner and up to 14 days after uptake enabling generation of a calibration curve of the dose-residue ***-IPA was present in common vole blood for at least 14 days,but there was dissipation by 33–37%depending on ***-IPA meets many criteria for an“ideal”quantitative bait marker for use in futureﬁeld studies on common voles and possibly other small mammal species.

关键词： baiting biomarker Microtus arvalis quantitative bait marker small mammals

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THERMOCHROMIC EFFECTS OF LEUCO DYES STUDIED IN POLYPROPYLENE

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2006年第4期24卷 363-368页

作者： Arno Seeboth detlef L(o|¨)tzsch Elvira Potechius Renate Vetter Fraunhofer Institute for Applied Polymer Research

A series of thermochromic polypropylene foils were prepared by embedding various leuco dye-developer-solvent systems in the polymer matrix. Bisphenol A, laurylgallate, ethylgallate and p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl ester were used as developers, crystal violet lactone and 3,3-bis-（1-n-butyl-2-methyl-3-indolyl）-phthalide as dyes and l-octanoic acid methyl ester as solvent. The molar ratio between the three components of the investigated leuco dye-developer-solvent systems was kept constant. All obtained polypropylene foils exhibit an excellent thermochromic behavior. The foils, prepared by extrusion technology, switch from color to colorless with increasing temperature. The influence of molecular structure of the developer on the intensity of the colored state and the influence of a developer-surfactant complex on the resulting thermochromic properties were investigated. The results are presented and discussed in detail according to a molecular model suggesting that the ring-opening process of the leuco dye is triggered by the formation of dye-developer complexes via H-bondings.

关键词： Thermochromism Dyes Extrusion UV-Vis spectroscopy.

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Role of the receptor for advanced glycation end products in hepatic fibrosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第46期15卷 5789-5798页

作者： Christina Lohwasser Daniel Neureiter Yury Popov Michael Bauer detlef Schuppan Department of Medicine Ⅰ University of Erlangen-NurembergErlangen-Nürnberg Institute of Pathology Paracelsus Private Medicine UniversitySalzburg Division of Gastroenterology Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBoston

AIM： To study the role of advanced glycation end products （AGE） and their specific receptor （RAGE） in the pathogenesis of liver fibrogenesis. METHODS： In vitro RAGE expression and extracellular matrix-related gene expression in both rat and human hepatic stellate cells （HSC） were measured after stimulation with the two RAGE ligands, advanced glycation end product-bovine serum albumin （AGE- BSA） and N＇-（carboxymethyl） lysine （CML）-BSA, or with tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）. In vivo RAGE expression was examined in models of hepatic fibrosis induced by bile duct ligation or thioacetamide. The effects of AGE-BSA and CML-BSA on HSC proliferation, signal transduction and profibrogenic gene expression were studied in vitro. RESULTS： In hepatic fibrosis, RAGE expression was enhanced in activated HSC, and also in endothelial cells, inflammatory cells and activated bile duct epithelia. HSC expressed RAGE which was upregulated after stimulation with AGE-BSA, CML-BSA, and TNF-α.RAGE stimulation with AGE-BSA and CML-BSA did not alter HSC proliferation, apoptosis, fibrogenic signal transduction and fibrosis- or fibrolysis-related gene expression, except for marginal upregulation of procollagen α1（ I ） mRNA by AGE-BSA. CONCLUSION： Despite upregulation of RAGE in activated HSC, RAGE stimulation by AGE does not alter their fibrogenic activation. Therefore, RAGE does not contribute directly to hepatic fibrogenesis.

关键词： Advanced glycation end product Extracellularmatrix Hepatic stellate cell Matrix metalloproteinase Myofibroblast Receptor for advanced glycation endproducts Transforming growth factor β Tissue inhibitorof metalloproteinase Tumor necrosis factor α

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Treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors with inhibitors of growth factor receptors and their signaling pathways: Recent advances and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第16期14卷 2461-2473页

作者： Michael Hpfner detlef Schuppan Hans Scherübl Institute of Physiology Charité-Universitts-medizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Klinik für Innere Medizin Gastroenterologie und Gastrointestinale Onkologie Klinikum am Urban Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit

The limited efficacy of conventional cytotoxic treatment regimes for advanced gastrointestinal neuroendocrine cancers emphasizes the need for novel and more effective medical treatment options. Recent findings on the specific biological features of this family of neoplasms has led to the development of new targeted therapies, which take into account the high vascularization and abundant expression of specific growth factors and cognate tyrosine kinase receptors. This review will briefly summarize the status and future perspectives of antiangiogenic, mTOR- or growth factor receptor-based pharmacological approaches for the innovative treatment of gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. In view of the multitude of novel targeted approaches, the rationale for innovative combination therapies, i.e. combining growth factor (receptor)-targeting agents with chemo- or biotherapeutics or with other novel anticancer drugs such as HDAC or proteasome inhibitors will be taken into account.

关键词： Growth factor receptor Neuroendocrinegastrointestinal tumor Small molecule inhibitor lonoclonal antibody Multi kinase inhibition

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Growth factor receptors and related signalling pathways as targets for novel treatment strategies of hepatocellular cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： Michael Hpfner detlef Schuppan Hans Scherübl Institute of Physiology Charité-Universittsmedizin Berlin Campus Benjamin Franklin Berlin 12200 Germany Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02215 United States Klinik für Innere Medizin Gastroenterologie und Gastrointestinale Onkologie Klinikum am Urban Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit Berlin 10967 Germany

Growth factors and their corresponding receptors are commonly overexpressed and/or dysregulated in many cancers including hepatocellular cancer （HCC）. Clinical trials indicate that growth factor receptors and their related signalling pathways play important roles in HCC cancer etiology and progression, thus providing rational targets for innovative cancer therapies. A number of strategies including monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors （＂small molecule inhibitors＂） and antisense oligonucleotides have already been evaluated for their potency to inhibit the activity and downstream signalling cascades of these receptors in HCC. First clinical trials have also shown that multi-kinase inhibition is an effective novel treatment strategy in HCC. In this respect sorafenib, an inhibitor of Raf-, VEGF- and PDGF-signalling, is the first multi-kinase inhibitor that has been approved by the FDA for the treatment of advanced HCC. Moreover, the serine-threonine kinase of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） upon which the signalling of several growth factor receptors converge plays a central role in cancer cell proliferation, roTOR inhibition of HCC is currently also being studied in preclinical trials. As HCCs represent hypervascularized neoplasms, inhibition of tumour vessel formation via interfering with the VEGF/VEGFR system is another promising approach in HCC treatment. This review will summarize the current status of the various growth factor receptor-based treatment strategies and in view of the multitude of novel targeted approaches, the rationale for combination therapies for advanced HCC treatment will also be taken into account.

关键词： Growth factor receptor Hepatocellular cancer Small molecule inhibitor Monoclonal antibody Innovative cancer treatment Sorafenib Bevacizumab Erlotinib

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Targeted medical therapy of biliary tract cancer:Recent advances and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第46期14卷 7021-7032页

作者： Michael Hpfner detlef Schuppan Hans Scherübl Institute of Physiology Charité-Universittsmedizin BerlinCampus Benjamin Franklin Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School Klinik für Innere Medizin Gastroenterologieund Gastrointestinale OnkologieKlinikum am Urban Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit10967 BerlinGermany

The limited efficacy of cytotoxic therapy for advanced biliary tract and gallbladder cancers emphasizes the need for novel and more effective medical treatment options. A better understanding of the specific biological features of these neoplasms led to the development of new targeted therapies, which take the abundant expression of several growth factors and cognate tyrosine kinase receptors into account. This review will briefly summarize the status and future perspectives of antiangiogenic and growth factor receptor-based pharmacological approaches for the treatment of biliary tract and gallbladder cancers. In view of multiple novel targeted approaches, the rationale for innovative therapies, such as combinations of growth factor (receptor)-targeting agents with cytotoxic drugs or with other novel anticancer drugs will be highlighted.

关键词： Growth factor receptor Biliary tract cancer Small molecule inhibitor lonoclonal antibody Innovative cancer treatment Sorafenib Bevacizumab Erlotinib

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Organosolv Lignin for Non-Isocyanate Based Polyurethanes (NIPU) as Wood Adhesive

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2021年第5期9卷 881-907页

作者： Jaša Saražin Antonio Pizzi Siham Amirou detlef Schmiedl MilanŠernek Biotechnical Faculty University of LjubljanaLjubljana1000Slovenia LERMAB-ENSTIB Universitéde LorraineEpinal88000France Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology Pfinztal76327Germany

A non-isocyanate-based polyurethane(NIPU)wood adhesive was produced from organosolv lignin,which is a bio-sourced raw material,available in large quantities and produced as a by-product of the paper *** formulation of this new lignin-based NIPU adhesive,which is presented,was chemically characterised by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time of Flight(MALDI ToF)mass spectrometry and by Fourier Transform Infra-Red(FTIR)spectrometry *** oligomers formed were determined and showed that the three species involved in the NIPU adhesive preparation were formed by the co-reaction of the three reagents used:lignin,dimethyl carbonate,and hexamethylene *** and branched structures were both *** properties of the adhesive were determined using the Automated Bonding Evaluation System(ABES)and internal bond(IB)strength test of the laboratory particleboard bonded with *** adhesive has shown satisfactory mechanical properties after hot pressing at 230℃.Such a temperature is used industrially in the most modern particleboard factories,but since it is hardly feasible for more conventional wood bonding equipment,the reactivity of the NIPU adhesive was successfully increased with the addition of a small percentage of a silane coupling *** the addition of the silane,the proposed NIPU adhesive could also be used at a hot-pressing temperature lower than 200℃.

关键词： Organosolv lignin NIPU MALDI ToF FTIR ABES

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Romanian legal management rules limit wood production in Norway spruce and beech forests

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Forest Ecosystems 2017年第1期4卷 1-11页

作者： Olivier Bouriaud Gheorghe Marin Laura Bouriaud Dominik Hessenmoller Ernst-detlef Schulze National Forest Inventory National Research and Development Institute for Forestry INCDS Eroilor Bd. 128 Voluntari Romania University Stefan cel Mare Suceava RomaniaUniversitatii str.13Suceava 720229Romania. Department of Biogeochemical Processes Max Planck Institute for BiogeochemistryHans-Knoell-Str.10Jena 07745Germany

Background： The quantitative impact of forest management on forests＇ wood resource was evaluated for Picea and Fagus mixed forests. The effects on the productivity of tendering operations, thinnings and rotation length have seldom been directly quantified on landscape scale. Methods： Two sites of similar fertility but subject to contrasted forest management were studied with detailed inventories： one in Germany, the other in Romania, and compared with the respective national forest inventories. In Romania, regulations impose very long rotations, low thinnings and a period of no-cut before harvest. In contrast, tending and thinnings are frequent and intense in Germany. Harvests start much earlier and must avoid clear cutting but maintain a permanent forest cover with natural regeneration. While Germany has an average annual wood increment representative for Central Europe, Romania represents the average for Eastern Europe. Results： The lack of tending and thinning in the Romanian site resulted in twice as many trees per hectare as in the German site for the same age. The productivity in Romanian production forests was 20 % lower than in Germany despite a similar fertility. The results were supported by the data from the national forest inventory of each country, which confirmed that the same differential exists at country scale. Furthermore, provided the difference in rotation length, two crops are harvested in Germany when only one is harvested in Romania. The losses of production due to a lower level of management in Romania where estimated to reach 12.8 million m3.y-1 in regular mountain production forests, and to 15 million m3.y-1 if managed protection forest is included. Conclusions： The productivity of Picea and Fagus mountain forests in Romania is severely depressed by the lack of tending and thinning, by overly long rotations and the existence of a 25-years no-cut period prior to harvest. The average standing volume in Germany was 50 % lower than in Romania,

关键词： Forest management Forest productivity Legal rules Sylviculture Forest Operations Wood resource

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Plant diversity and community history shift colonization success from early- to mid-successional species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第3期8卷 231-241页

作者： Christiane Roscher Uta Gerighausen Bernhard Schmid Ernst-detlef Schulze UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental ResearchDepartment of Community EcologyTheodor-Lieser-Strasse 4D-06120 HalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry PO Box 100164D-07701 JenaGermany Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies and Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 1908057 ZurichSwitzerland

Aims Functional traits are supposed to play an important role in deter-mining the colonization success of new species into established ***-term experimental studies have documented higher resistance of more diverse grasslands against coloni-zation by new ***,little is known about which traits colonizers should have to successfully invade diverse plant communities in the longer term and how community his-tory may modify the resistance of diverse communities against *** In a grassland biodiversity experiment(Jena Experiment)established with different species richness(s;1,2,4,8 and 16)and functional group(Fg)number and composition(1 to 4;legumes,grasses,small herbs,tall herbs),we studied colonization of naturally dispersed species in split-plots(i)with different duration of weeding(never weeded,weeded for 3 or 6 years and then un-weeded for 1 year)and(ii)with different duration of colonization(7 years,4 years and 1 year after cessation of weeding).Important Findingsresistance against colonization by new species declined with increased duration of weeding(on average 13,17 and 22 col-onizer species in 1-,4-and 7-year-old communities,respec-tively).Communities established at low diversity accumulated more colonizer species with a longer duration of weeding than more diverse *** of colonization had only small effects on the number of colonizer *** with early successional traits,*** life cycle,reproduction by seeds,small seeds,long-lived seeds and an earlier start of a longer flowering period,were favoured in species-poor newly established experimental plant communities(short duration of weeding)and early after cessation of weeding(short duration of colonization).a change from early-to mid-successional traits,*** growth,perennial life cycle,vegetative reproduction,characterized colonization at increased plant diversity and in communities with legumes or without *** absence/gr

关键词： abundance-weighted community mean traits biodiversity colonization simple community mean traits species richness

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