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Nutritional Status and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia

Journal of Food Science and Engineering 2015年第2期5卷 85-94页

作者： desalegn kuche Pragya Singh Debebe Moges Tefera Belachew Food Science and Nutrition Research Directorate Ethiopian Public Health Institute P.O. Box 1242/5654 Gulelle ArbegnochStreet (Former Pasteur Institute) Gulele Sub City Addis Ababa Ethiopia School of Nutrition Food Science and Technology Department of Applied Human Nutrition Awassa College of AgricultureHawassa University P.O. Box 05 Hawassa Ethiopia Department of Population and Family Health College of Medicine and Health Science Jima University P.O. Box 378 JimaEthiopia

Inadequate quality and quantity diet is one of the major reasons for high levels of malnutrition in pregnant women. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Wondo Genet District, Southern Ethiopia. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select a representative sample of 153 pregnant women aged 19-49 years from three rural villages （＂Kebeles＂）. Energy and nutrient intakes from foods were calculated from one-day weighed food records on a sub-sample （n = 77）. The result of the study showed that the intakes of most nutrients were lower than the recommended intake. The energy intake of the study participants both in 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy were 2,308 kcal and 1,420.5 kcal compared to the recommended 2,340 kcal and 2,452 kcal, respectively. Except iron, almost all micronutrient intakes were lower than the recommended intake. Vitamin A intake was 3/ag compared with the recommended 800μg, while protein intake of the study respondents in 2nd and 3rd trimester of pregnancy was 45.9 g and 31.5 g, respectively, compared with the recommended 71 g. Risk factors for undernutrition were multiple pregnancy and no consumption of cereal-based foods. This study revealed that the energy and nutrient intake of the pregnant women in study area was below the recommended intakes. Furthermore, the situation might be aggravated by high phytate content food consumption reported. Nutritional status of pregnant women in study area was not adequate to support the increased energy and nutrient requirement of the participants.

关键词： Pregnant women nutritional status vitamins energy protein Southern Ethiopia.

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Growth and ecophysiology of seedlings of Podocarpus falcatus in plantations of exotic species and in a natural montane forest in Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 29-35页

作者： desalegn Tadele Masresha Fetene Bahir Dar University College of ScienceDepartment of BiologyP.O. Box 1817Bahir DarEthiopia. Addis Ababa University Faculty of ScienceDepartment of BiologyP.O. Box 1176Addis AbabaEthiopia.

The potential role of exotic tree plantations in facilitating successional processes on degraded areas was evaluated in southern Ethiopia by comparing seedling characteristics, transpiration and photosynthetic performance of Podocarpus falcatus seedlings in Eucalyptus plantation, Pinus plantation, adjacent natural forest and clear-felled plantation site. P. falcatus seedlings exhibited differences in architecture between Eucalyptus and Pinus plantations. They had higher leaf area, shorter internode length and greater number of lateral branches in Eucalyptus plantation. At similar vapor pressure deficit （VPD）, P. falcatus transpired much less than E. saligna, especially at higher VPDs. Analysis of fluorescence parameters in the leaves showed no significant differences in the level of dark-adapted and light-adapted fluorescence yield （Fv/Fm and ΔF/Fm′, respectively）, electron transport rate （ETR） and nonphotochemical quenching （NPQ） among seedlings grown inside plantations and adjacent natural forest, indicating similar photosynthetic performance. Nevertheless, there was evidence of photoinhibition in P. falcatus in the clear-felled site which had low fluorescence yield but high values of NPQ as protection from photoamage. The light response curves of ETR, NPQ and ΔF/Fm′ showed similar light saturation behavior among the seedlings grown inside plantations and natural forest and suggested a sequence of light-adapted to shade-adapted behavior in Natural forest 〉 Eucalyptus plantation 〉 Pinus plantation. The results show the structural flexibility, better water-use and adaptability of P. falcatus in its use of the understory environment of plantation species.

关键词： chlorophyll fluorescence height growth lateral growth light response curves transpiration

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Growth and yield of two grain crops on sites former covered with eucalypt plantations in Koga Watershed, northwestern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 935-940页

作者： desalegn Tadele Demel Teketay Bahir Dar University P. O. Box 1817 Bahir Dar Ethiopia Botswana College of Agriculture Department of Crop Sciences and Production Private Bag 0027 Gaborone Botswana

Farmers in the highlands of Ethiopia often plant Eucalyptus on their farmlands. However, growing Eucalyptus, especially on farm- lands suitable for crop production has become a great concern due to its alleged long-term site effects. Our study was conducted at Koga water- shed, Mecha District, northwestern Ethiopia to investigate whether crop- lands afforested with Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. can be restored for annual crop production after tree harvest. We compared growth and yield of two agricultural crops, barley （Hordeum vulgate L.） and finger millet （Eleusine coracana （L.） Gaertn.）, grown in clear-felled stands of E. camaldulensis and continuously cultivated croplands at twelve paired farmlands under a conventional farming system. Plant height and dry matter production were evaluated as indices of crop growth, while grain weight was evaluated as an index of crop yield. Crop growth and yield measurements averaged over all farmlands differed between land-use types. For both crops, plants grown on clear-felled stands were taller than on croplands. Dry matter production and yield were also significantly greater in crops cultivated on clear-felled stands. Cropland aboveground and belowground dry matter productions were lower by 31.8 and 25.4% for barley and 32.8% and 37% for finger millet, respectively. Clear-felled stands gave an average yield of 2.91 ***-1 for barley and 3.27 ***-1 for finger millet while cropland gave a yield of 1.97 and 2.31 ***-1 for barley and finger millet, respectively. Farmers also responded that farm plots on former eucalypt plantations showed greater crop growth and yield thandid continuously cultivated croplands. Farmers perceived that Eucalyptus plantations improved soil fertility and they preferred clear-felled stands for crop production and wished to plant Eucalyptus on their farmlands. Our results suggest that conversion of agricultural lands to Eucalyptus plantations can increase post-felling yields of cereal crops.

关键词： barley finger millet land-use change reclamation

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Floristic diversity and regeneration status of woody plants in Zengena Forest, a remnant montane forest patch in northwestern Ethiopia

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 329-336页

作者： desalegn Tadele Ermias Lulekal Destaw Damtie Adane Assefa Bahir Dar University College of ScienceDepartment of Biology Ghent University Department of Plant Production

The study was conducted at Zengena forest, a fragmented remnant montane forest in northwestern Ethiopia, which surrounds Lake Zengena. The purpose was to assess the species composition, diversity and the regeneration status of woody plants. A total of 27 plots of 20 m - 20 m were sampled along the line transects laid down the altitudinal gradient from the edge of the forest encompassing the lake to the edge of the lake in eight aspects. In each plot, woody species were counted and the diameter at breast height and the height of trees and shrubs were measured. A total of 50 woody species belonging to 31 families were found, of which 17 （34%） were trees, 7 （14%） trees or shrubs, 23 （46%） shrubs and 3 （6%） lianas. The overall Shannon-Wiener diversity and evenness indices of woody species were 2.74 and 0.7, respectively. Clausena anisata had the highest relative density （23.5%）, Rapanea rhododendroides the highest relative frequency （6.5%） and Prunus afri- cana the highest relative dominance （45%） and importance value index （IVI, 51.6）. The total basal area and density of woody plants were 22.3 ***-1 and 2,202 ***1, respectively. The population structure showed variations among woody plants and revealed varied regeneration patterns of different species. The importance value index and population structure revealed that some species are threatened and need prioritization for conservation measures. The results suggest that remnant forest patches in the highlands of northern Ethiopia host several woody plant species that are almost disappearing in other areas due to deforestation.

关键词： conservation density dominance frequency IVI LakeZengena population structure

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Soil organic carbon stock in Abune Yosef afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation,northern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2018年第1期7卷 56-64页

作者： Kflay Gebrehiwot Temesgen desalegn Zerihun Woldu Sebsebe Demissew Ermias Teferi Department of Plant Biology Addis Ababa UniversityP.O.Box 3434Addis AbabaEthiopia Department of Biology Samara UniversitySemeraAfarEthiopia Holetta Agricultural research Center HolettaEthiopia Center for Environmental and Developmental Studies Addis Ababa UniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

Introduction:Soil is the major reservoir of organic *** is a paucity of soil organic carbon(SOC)stock data of afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation in ***,this study was conducted to estimate the SOC stock and correlate it with soil physicochemical properties in Abune Yosef afroalpine and sub-afroalpine *** sampling was employed to collect soil samples from upper 30 *** bulk density soil pH(1:2.5 water);organic carbon(Walkley and Black),and total nitrogen(Kjeldahl)were the methods used for soil *** correlation and linear regression analysis were performed in SPSS 24 statistical ***:The SOC stock of the study area was found to be 79.57 t C ha−*** organic carbon stock showed statistically significant positive correlation with vegetation type(r=0.522,p<0.01),bulk density(r=0.62,p<0.01),total nitrogen(r=0.41,p<0.01),and altitude(r=0.468,p<0.01)and negative correlation with slope(r=−0.298,p<0.05).The present study revealed similar soil organic carbon stock(SOCS)with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)default estimate for similar *** correlation of SOCS and altitude could be resulted from the variations in anthropogenic disturbances,temperature,and precipitation vegetation *** negative correlation between SOCS and slope is the result from the predictably higher soil erosion at steeper *** livestock trampling increased the bulk density but never affected the SOCS to *** did not show any significant relationship with SOCS due to either the under surveying of all aspects or similar solar radiation found in the study ***,gazing,aspect,and soil pH did not show statistically significant impact on ***:The SOCS of Abune Yosef afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation is similar to the IPCC default estimate for similar *** is a great contribution both to the global and local terrestrial carbon sink.

关键词： Abune Yosef Afroalpine and sub-afroalpine vegetation Altitude gradient Correlation Organic carbon stock Vegetation type

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Synergies and trade-offs of climate-smart agriculture(CSA)practices selected by smallholder farmers in Geshy watershed,Southwest Ethiopia

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Regional Sustainability 2023年第2期4卷 129-138页

作者： Girma TILAHUN Amare BANTIDER desalegn YAYEH Bonga University Department of Natural Resources and ManagementBonga329Ethiopia Addis Ababa University Center for Food Security StudiesAddis Ababa1176Ethiopia

Studies on mainstreaming climate-smart agriculture(CSA)practices can increase smallholder farmers’capacity and awareness to improve food security and establish sustainable livelihoods through resilient agricultural systems,while achieving adaptation and mitigation ***,valuable insights can be obtained from smallholder farmers in responding to present and forthcoming challenges of climate change ***,there is little research work on trade-off and synergy *** Geshy watershed in Southwest Ethiopia as a case study area,both quantitative and qualitative data analysis were undertaken in this *** data were collected from 15 key informant interviews,6 focus group discussions,and 384 households to answer the following questions:(1)what are the top 5 preferred CSA practices for smallholder farmers in Geshy watershed when coping with the impacts of climate change?(2)What is the performance of the preferred CSA practices?And(3)which trade-offs and synergies are experienced upon the implementation of CSA practices?The study came up with the most preferred CSA practices such as the use of improved crop varieties,small-scale irrigation,improved animal husbandry,the use of efficient inorganic fertilizers,and crop rotation with *** selected CSA practices showed that the productivity goal exhibit the best synergy,while the mitigation goal has *** study also indicated that the use of improved crop varieties causes high synergies in all 3 goals of CSA practices;small-scale irrigation provides a medium synergy on productivity goal but high synergy for adaptation and mitigation goals;improved animal husbandry shows a high synergy with the adaptation goal,a relatively lower synergy with the productivity goal,and a trade-off with the mitigation goal;the use of efficient inorganic fertilizers shows maximum synergy for the productivity and adaptation goals;and crop rotation with legumes exhibits high synergy with the productivity

关键词： Climate-smart agriculture(CSA) Climate change Synergies Trade-offs Productivity Adaptation Mitigation Geshy watershed

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Elevational changes in vascular plants richness, diversity, and distribution pattern in Abune Yosef mountain range, Northern Ethiopia

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Plant Diversity 2019年第4期41卷 220-228页

作者： Kflay Gebrehiwot Sebsebe Demissew Zerihun Woldu Mekbib Fekadu Temesgen desalegn Ermias Teferi Department of Biology Samara UniversityAfarEthiopia Department of Biology Samara UniversityAfarEthiopia Holetta Agricultural Research Center HolettaEthiopia Department of Environmental and Developmental Stxidies Addis AbabaUniversityAddis AbabaEthiopia

The aim of this research is to investigate the patterns of vascular plant species richness,diversity,and distribution along an elevation gradient in the Abune Yosef mountain range,*** systematic sampling was employed to collect vegetation and environmental data along the elevation *** found that plant species richness declines monotonically from low to high ***,vascular plant species richness and diversity were lower in the Afroalpine grassland(high elevation)than in the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous forest(low elevations).In contrast,endemic vascular plant richness was significantly higher in the Afroalpine grassland than in the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous *** showed a significant impact on the richness,diversity,and endemism of vascular *** to Sorensen's coefficient,the similarity between Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Ericaceous forest vegetation types is higher(32%)than the similarity between Ericaceous forest and Afroalpine grassland(18%).Only 5%similarity was recorded between the Dry evergreen Afromontane forest and Afroalpine *** forms showed different elevationai richness *** and liana increased monotonically up to 3300 *** and herb richness patterns followed a hump-shaped and inverted hump-shaped pattern along the elevation *** elevation patterns of vascular plant species richness,diversity,and growth form in the present study may be attributed to differences in management intensity,spatial heterogeneity,microclimatic variations,and anthropogenic disturbances.

关键词： Afroalpine Church forest Diversity Elevation gradient Plant community Species richness

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The prevalence and associated factors for delayed presentation for HIV care among tuberculosis/HIV co-infected patients in Southwest Ethiopia: a retrospective observational cohort

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 879-888页

作者： Hailay Gesesew Birtukan Tsehaineh desalegn Massa Amanuel Tesfay Hafte Kahsay Lillian Mwanri Department of Epidemiology College of Health SciencesJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia Discipline of Public Health Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health SciencesFlinders UniversityAdelaideAustralia School of Statistics and Mathematics Faculty of ScienceAlberta UniversityEdmontonCanada Department of population and Family Health College of Health SciencesJimma UniversityJimmaEthiopia ART Clinic Filtu HospitalSomaliEthiopia

Background:A delay presentation for human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)patient’s care(that is late engagement to HIV care due to delayed HIV testing or delayed linkage for HIV care after the diagnosis of HIV positive)is a critical step in the series of HIV patient care *** Ethiopia,delayed presentation(DP)for HIV care among vulnerable groups such as tuberculosis(Tb)/HIV co-infected patients has not been *** aimed to assess the prevalence of and factors associated with DP(CD4<200 cells/μl at first visit)among Tb/HIV co-infected patients in southwest ***:A retrospective observational cohort study collated Tb/HIV data from Jimma University Teaching Hospital for the period of September 2010 and August *** data analysis used logistic regression model at P value of≤0.05 in the final ***:The prevalence of DP among Tb/HIV co-infected patients was 59.9%.Tb/HIV co-infected patients who had a house with at least two rooms were less likely(AOR,0.5;95%CI:0.3–1.0)to present late than those having only single *** non-users of Tb/HIV co-infected participants were also 50%less likely(AOR,0.5;95%CI:0.3–0.8)to present late for HIV care compared to tobacco *** relative odds of DP among Tb/HIV co-infected patients with ambulatory(AOR,1.8;95%CI,1.0–3.1)and bedridden(AOR,8.3;95%CI,2.8–25.1)functional status was higher than with working ***:Three out of five Tb/HIV co-infected patients presented late for HIV *** proportions of DP were observed in bedridden patients,tobacco smokers,and those who had a single room *** findings have intervention implications and call for effective management strategies for Tb/HIV co-infection including early HIV diagnosis and early linkage to HIV care services.

关键词： Tuberculosis HIV Co-infection Delayed presentation Late presentation Retrospective cohort Prevalence Ethiopia

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Effect of spatial scale on runoff coefficient: Evidence from the Ethiopian highlands

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 289-296页

作者： Tesfaye Mebrate Lemma Gizaw Desta Gessesse Asfaw Kebede Kassa desalegn Chemeda Edossa Debre Berhan University Debre BerhanEthiopia Water and Land Resources Center Addis AbabaEthiopia Haramaya Institute of Technology HaramayaEthiopia South-Man Engineering ManitobaWinnipegCanada

The runoff coefficient (RC) is the ratio between the runoff and rainfall amounts and is scale dependent, which is due in part to the heterogeneity of watershed characteristics. This study quantified the spatial scale effects on runoff using long-term rainfall-runoff data on runoff plots and small watersheds. Effect of spatial scale on RC was studied for 12 runoff plots (2m by 15m) and three small watersheds (113-477 ha) in the highlands of Ethiopia using a total of 4397 and 13,92515-day cumulative pairs of rainfall and runoff data at watershed and runoff plot scales, respectively. The observed average RC of runoff plots was extrapolated based on the extent of representation of a particular watershed in terms of slope, land use, cover and soil type. The weighted RC of plots was then compared with the observed RC of the watershed to determine a scale factor for extrapolation. A decrease in RC from plot to the watershed was observed in Anjeni and Andit Tid watersheds, while an increase in RC in Maybar watershed illustrates the role of specific watershed conditions in determining the scale effect. This, in turn, suggests that the variation in scale factor is not well explained by the difference in the area alone. The scale effect of runoff generation was better explained by extrapolating the RC based on the representation of different watershed characteristics. Thus, extrapolation exercises in runoff modeling and scaling efforts of soil and water conservation practices should consider the scale effect cautiously.

关键词： Runoff coefficient Spatial scale Rainfall-runoff relation Ethiopian highlands

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in Hepatitis B and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection in Africa:a focus on surveillance

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Hepatoma Research 2022年第1期8卷 445-457页

作者： Qian Wan Chimaobi Anugwom Hailemichael desalegn Jose D.Debes Department of Medicine Division of Infectious Disease and International Medicine&Division of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Health Partners Digestive Care Saint PaulMN 55130USA Millennium Hospital Addis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Arusha Lutheran Medical Centre ArushaTanzania

Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)and hepatitis-B virus(HBV)infections are weighty public health challenges,especially in the African *** direct carcinogenic effect of HBV means that it remains a potent cause of early-onset hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in Sub-Saharan Africa(SSA),where it causes significant morbidity and *** presence of HIV infection in HBV-infected patients poses a complicating factor,as coinfection has been shown to hasten the progression of liver disease to cirrhosis and HCC,and often resulting in early-age hepatocarcinogenesis with consequent late diagnosis and lower *** this review,we discuss this unique conundrum,the epidemiology of HIV-HBV coinfection in SSA,its effect on liver disease and development of HCC,as well as practices and barriers to HCC surveillance in this distinct *** propose a way forward to curb this considerable health burden focusing on reduction of disease stigma,the need for easy-to-measure biomarkers,and implementation of large prospective studies in this population.

关键词： HBV HIV coinfection hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance Sub-Saharan Africa

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