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Future climate change decreases multi-pathway but increases respiratory human health risks of PAHs across China

National Science Open 2024年第2期3卷 128-147页

作者： Jiaao Bao Xinghui Xia Ying Zhu Bingxiang Zhao Erxue Gu Yanan Liu Xiao Yun Zhenrui Zhang Nannan Xi Yong Geng Ying Xu Zhifeng Yang derek C.G.Muir Key Laboratory of Water and Sediment Sciences of Ministry of Education State Key Laboratory of Water Environment SimulationSchool of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Health Impact Assessment of Emerging Contaminants School of Environmental Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China College of Urban and Environmental Sciences Laboratory for Earth Surface ProcessesSino-French Institute for Earth System SciencePeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Climate Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education Institute of Environmental and Ecological EngineeringGuangdong University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510006China Aquatic Contaminants Research Division Environment and Climate Change CanadaBurlington L7S 1A1Canada

Future climate change will affect the environmental fate of hydrophobic organic contaminants(HOCs)and associated human health risks,yet the extent of these effects remains ***,we couple a high-resolution environmental multimedia model with a bioaccumulation model to study the multimedia distribution of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),a group of HOCs,and assess future PAH-related human health risks under varying climate change scenarios over China at a continental *** removing the effects of PAH emission changes,we find that the total PAH concentrations would decrease in the air,freshwater,sediment,soil,and organisms,while the high-molecular-weight PAH would increase in the air with climate warming from 1.5°C to 4°***,the multi-pathway exposure human health risks predominately influenced by dietary ingestion are expected to decrease by 1.7%–20.5%,while the respiratory risks are projected to rise by 0.2%–5.8%in the ***,the persistently high multi-pathway human health risks underscore the need for reducing future PAH emissions by 69%compared with 2009 levels in *** study demonstrates the urgency of limiting PAH emissions under future climate change for public health and highlights the importance of including the contribution of dietary ingestion in human health risk assessment.

关键词： polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons future climate change human health risks emission reduction

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Digital Servo Control of a Robotic Excavator

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2009年第2期22卷 190-197页

作者： GU Jun SEWARD derek School of Mechanical ＆ Electronic Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215021 China Engineering Department Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YR UK

An electro-hydraulic control system is designed and implemented for a robotic excavator known as the Lancaster University Computerised and Intelligent Excavator （LUCIE）. The excavator is being developed to autonomously dig trenches without human intervention. Since the behavior of the excavator arm is dominated by the nonlinear dynamics of the hydraulic actuators and by the large and unpredictable external disturbances when digging, it is difficult to provide adequate accurate, quick and smooth movement under traditional control methodology, e.g., PI/PID, which is comparable with that of an average human operator. The data-based dynamic models are developed utilizing the simplified refined instrumental variable （SRIV） identification algorithm to precisely describe the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of the electro-hydraulic actuation system. Based on data-based model and proportional-integral-plus （PIP） methodology, which is a non-minimal state space method of control system design based on the true digital control （TDC） system design philosophy, a novel control system is introduced to drive the excavator arm accurately, quickly and smoothly along the desired path. The performance of simulation and field tests which drive the bucket along straight lines both demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed control scheme.

关键词： robotic excavator nonlinear dynamics data-based model true digital control (TDC) proportional-integral-plus (PIP)

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Do cratons preserve evidence of stagnant lid tectonics?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 3-17页

作者： derek Wyman School of Geosciences The University of Sydney

Evidence for episodic crustal growth extending back to the Hadean has recently prompted a number of numerically based geodynamic models that incorporate cyclic changes from stagnant lid to mobile lid tectonics. A large part of the geologic record is missing for the times at which several of these cycles are inferred to have taken place. The cratons, however, are likely to retain important clues relating to similar cycles developed in the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean. Widespread acceptance of a form of plate tectonics by ～3.2 Ga is not at odds with the sporadic occurrence of stagnant lid tectonics after this time. The concept of scale as applied to cratons, mantle plumes and Neoarchean volcanic arcs are likely to provide important constraints on future models of Earth's geodynamic evolution. The Superior Province will provide some of the most concrete evidence in this regard given that its constituent blocks may have been locked into a stagnant lid relatively soon after their formation and then assembled in the next global plate tectonic interval. Perceived complexities associated with inferred mantle plume — volcanic arc associations in the Superior Province and other cratons may be related to an over estimation of plume size. A possible stagnant lid episode between ～2.9 Ga and ～2.8 Ga is identified by previously unexplained lapses in volcanism on cratons, including the Kaapvaal, Yilgarn and Superior Province cratons. If real, then mantle dynamics associated with this episode likely eliminated any contemporaneous mantle plume incubation sites, which has important implications for widespread plumes developed at ～2.7 Ga and favours a shallow mantle source in the transition zone. The Superior Province provides a uniquely preserved local proxy for this global event and could serve as the basis for detailed numerical models in the future.

关键词： Archean Mantle overturn Superior Province Mantle plumes Stagnant lid tectonics

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A novel application of fluidization-Integrating three processes in reclaiming foundry sand

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 595-598页

作者： derek Geldart Jim Lewis Powder Research Ltd Leeds University UK Coastal River Technologies PLLC USA

Immersion of automotive parts in a fluidized bed of foundry sand is used to both strip the castings free from moulding sand and to heat-treat the castings at 500℃. The fluid bed is heated by hot gases from a burner directed first into a serpentine heat exchanger located near one side-wall of the rectangular tank, and then into a distributor consisting of horizontal sparger pipes having maintenance standpipes fixed into their upper surfaces.

关键词： Removal of moulding sand Castings Fluidized beds Heat transfer Foundries

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Dry powder platform for pulmonary drug delivery

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Particuology 2008年第4期6卷 225-238页

作者： derek Ivan Daniher Jesse Zhu Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

The phenomenon of particle interaction involved in pulmonary drug delivery belongs to a wide variety of disciplines of particle technology, in particular, fluidization. This paper reviews the basic concepts of pulmonary drug delivery with references to fluidization research, in particular, studies on Geldart group C powders. Dry powder inhaler device-formulation combination has been shown to be an effective method for delivering drugs to the lung for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Even with advanced designs, however, delivery efficiency is still poor mainly due to powder dispersion problems which cause poor lung deposition and high dose variability. Drug particles used in current inhalers must be 1–5 μm in diameter for effective deposition in small-diameter airways and alveoli. These powders are very cohesive, have poor flowability, and are difficult to disperse into aerosol due to cohesion arising from van der Waals attraction. These problems are well known in fluidization research, much of which is highly relevant to pulmonary drug delivery.

关键词： Dry powder inhaler Interparticle forces Aerosol Pulmonary drug delivery Carrier particle Fluidization

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Indirect contact matters:Mid-flight external trunk perturbation increased unilateral anterior cruciate ligament loading variables during jump-landings

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第4期12卷 534-543,F0003页

作者： Yu Song Ling Li Jacob Layer Raychl Fairbanks Maddy Jenkins Gerwyn Hughes derek smith Margaret Wilson Qin Zhu Boyi Dai Division of Kinesiology and Health University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA Department of Kinesiology University of San FranciscoSan FranciscoCA 94117USA Department of Theatre and Dance University of WyomingLaramieWY 82071USA

Purpose:To determine the effect of unanticipated mid-flight medial-lateral external perturbation of the upper or lower trunk on anterior cruciate ligament(ACL)loading variable s during ***:Thirty-two participants performed double-leg vertical jump-landings while bilateral kinematics and kinetics were collected under 6conditions(upper or lower trunk perturbation locations;no,left,or right perturbation directions).Two customized catapult apparatuses were created to apply pushing perturbation to participants near the maximal jump ***:The ball contacted participants near the center of mass for the lower-trunk conditions and approximately 23 cm above the center of mass for the upper-trunk *** upper-trunk perturbation,the contralateral leg demonstrated significantly smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact and greater peak knee abduction angles,peak vertical ground reaction forces,peak knee extension moments,and peak knee adduction moments compared to other legs among all *** lower-trunk perturbation,the contralateral leg showed significantly smaller knee flexion angles at initial contact and increased peak vertical ground reaction forces and peak knee extension moments compared to legs in the no-perturbation ***:Mid-flight external trunk pushing perturbation increased ACL loading variables for the leg contralateral to the *** uppertrunk perturbation resulted in greater changes in ACL loading variables compared to the lower-trunk perturbation,likely due to trunk and ipsilateral leg rotation and more laterally located center of mass relative to the contralateral *** findings may help us understand the mechanisms of indirect-contact ACL injuries and develop jump-landing training strategies under mid-flight trunk perturbation to better prevent ACL injury.

关键词： ACL injuries Biomechanics Kinematics Kinetics Landing

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Bioelectronic protein nanowire sensors for ammonia detection

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Nano Research 2020年第5期13卷 1479-1484页

作者： Alexander F.smith Xiaomeng Liu Trevor L.Woodard Tianda Fu Todd Emrick Juan M.Jiménez derek R.Lovley Jun Yao Department of Biomedical Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Microbiology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Polymer Science and Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Institute for Applied Life Sciences(IALS) University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA

Electronic sensors based on biomaterials can lead to novel green technologies that are low cost,renewable,and *** we demonstrate bioelectronic ammonia sensors made from protein nanowires harvested from the microorganism Geobacter *** nanowire sensor responds to a broad range of ammonia concentrations(10 to 10^6 ppb),which covers the range relevant for industrial,environmental,and biomedical *** sensor also demonstrates high selectivity to ammonia compared to moisture and other common gases found in human *** results provide a proof-of-concept demonstration for developing protein nanowire based gas sensors for applications in industry,agriculture,environmental monitoring,and healthcare.

关键词： nanowire protein nanowire biomaterial bioelectronics biosensor ammonia sensor

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The delivery of effective therapeutic cancer vaccination

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 183-184页

作者： derek Hart Dendritic Cell Biology and Therapeutics ANZACResearch Institute Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

The recent New England Journal of Medicine article describing the Phase3 placebo controlled trial （Immunotherapy for Prostate Andenocarcinoma Treatment） was much anticipated. Its publication and peer review brings down the curtain on the, at times controversial, application by Dendreon to the US Food and Drug Administration. The Immunotherapy for Prostate Andenocarcinoma Treatment data lead to the US Food and Drug Administration＇s final approval in April of the product sipuleucel-T （Provenge） as the first therapeutic vaccine for use in individuals with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer.

关键词： Climate sciences Environmental sciences

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Factors shaping community structure of endophytic fungi–evidence from the Pinus-Viscum-system

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 55-69页

作者： derek Peršoh Systematische Botanik und Mykologie Ludwigs-Maximilians Universität MünchenMenzinger Straße 6780638 MünchenGermany Abteilung Mykologie Universität BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 30–NW I95440 BayreuthGermany

Endophytic fungal communities have been shown to be highly diverse in almost every host plant species analyzed so ***,the factors shaping their compositions are largely *** elucidate the impact of various factors,10 independent replicates of DNA extracts from each of 17 surface-sterilized leaf and stem samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing of fungal ITS1 rRNA gene ***,154 fungal OTUs(operational taxonomic units),represented by 953,385 sequences,were found in at least 2 samples from Viscum album *** and/or its host Pinus *** from earlier,cultivation-based assessments,the communities were dominated by OTUs related to the genus Mortierella and OTUs not assignable to a certain fungal ***,Ascomycota were still the most diverse group in terms of OTU richness and already hypothesized organ and host preferences of certain endophytic Xylariaceae isolated from the Pinus-Viscum-system could be *** species and organ type were also the major factors shaping the detected fungal *** two plant species clearly differed according to the endophytic fungal communities,but only stems and needles of Pinus were inhabited by significantly different fungal ***,only the 1 and 3 year old stem sections differed according to the endophytic fungal community,while differently aged leaves of both plants were indistinguishable in this *** of the organs had no impact on fungal communities in Pinus,but shorter internodes and smaller leaves showed at least a tendency to differ from the corresponding larger organs in *** communities also differed slightly between the two sampling sites,lying 200 km apart,and between the three sampling *** the samples were drawn within 15 days,this finding indicates that seasonal shifts clearly outweigh aging effects in host plant with perennial *** results therefore provide strong evidence against a linear developm

关键词： Endophytic fungi Pyrosequencing Host preference Stems Leaves Organ age Pinus sylvestris Viscum album Genetic abundance Name assignment

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Plant-associated fungal communities in the light of meta’omics

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Fungal Diversity 2015年第6期75卷 1-25页

作者： derek Peršoh Ruhr-Universität Bochum AG GeobotanikGebäude ND 03/170Universitätsstraße 15044780 BochumGermany

Approaches for the cultivation-independent analysis of microbial communities are summarized as meta’omics,which predominantly includes metagenomic,-transcriptomic,-proteomic and-metabolomic *** have shown that endophytic,root-associated and soil fungal communities are strongly shaped by associated plant *** impact of plant identity on the composition of its litterssociated fungal community remains to be disentangled from the impact of litter *** composition of the plant community also shapes the fungal *** strikingly,adjacent plant species may share mycorrhizal symbionts even if the plants usually have different types of mycorrhizal fungi associated with them(ectomycorrhizal,ericoid and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi).Environmental parameters weakly explain fungal community composition globally,and their effect is inconsistent at local and regional *** in similarity among communities with increasing distance(*** decay)has been reported from local to global *** pattern is only exceptionally caused by spatial dispersal limitation of fungal propagules,but mostly due to the inability of the fungi to establish at the particular locality(*** filtering or competitive exclusion).Fungal communities usually undergo pronounced seasonal changes and also differ between consecutive *** indicates that development of the communities is usually not solely ***’omic studies challenge the classical view of plant litter *** show that mycorrhizal and(previously)endophytic fungi may be involved in plant litter decomposition and only partly support the idea of a succession from an Ascomycota to a Basidiomycota-dominated ***,vertical separation of saprotrophic and mycorrhizal species in soil and sequential degradation from easily accessible to‘recalcitrant’plant compounds,such as lignin,can probably not be *** current models of litter decomposition may

关键词： Meta’omics Metaomics Fungal community Metagenomics Metaproteomics Metatranscriptomics Metametabolomics Phyllosphere fungi Endophytic fungi Litter decomposition Decomposer fungi Root-associated fungi Arbuscular mycorrhiza Ectomycorrhiza Ericoid mycorrhiza Soil fungi Functional diversity Environmental processes Distance decay Environmental filtering Saisonality Temporal shift Fungal traits

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