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Effects of derived meals from juncea(Brassica juncea),yellow and black seeded canola(Brassica napus)and multicarbohydrase enzymes supplementation on apparent metabolizable energy in broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2016年第3期2卷 154-159页

作者： Balachandar Jayaraman Janice MacIsaac derek anderson Department of Animal Science University of Manitoba Dalhousie University Faculty of Agriculture

two experiments were conducted to determine the nitrogen-corrected apparent metabolizable energy(AMEn) of differently processed meals from Juncea(Brassica juncea), yellow and black seeded canola(Brassica napus), with or without supplementation of multi-carbohydrase enzymes(Enz) in diets for broiler chickens. the first experiment was a 3×2×2 factorial arrangement with the main factors being seed type(yellow [Yellow] or black [B1] canola seeds and Juncea seeds), processed at two temperatures(high temperature desolventized-toasted [HtDt] at 95℃ or low temperature desolventized-toasted[LtDt] at 57℃), with or without Enz. In Exp. 1, a total of 384 one-day-old male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 64 battery cages, with 6 birds/cage. the second experiment was a 2×2×2 factorial arrangement with the main factors being seed type(Yellow or black [B2]), seed source(Scott,Saskatchewan or truro, Nova Scotia) and Enz(with or without) supplementation. A total of 264 one-dayold male broiler chicks were randomly assigned to 44 battery cages, with 6 birds per cage. In Exp, 1 and 2,all birds were fed a common starter diet from 1 to 14 days of age. From d 15 to 21, the birds were fed one of the test treatments, a basal grower diet or the basal grower diet replaced with 30% test ingredient with celite(0.8%) added as an inert marker. Excreta was collected on d 20 and 21. In Exp. 1, there were no interactions(P > 0.05) among seed type, processing temperature and Enz. Processing temperature and dietary Enz did not affect(P > 0.05) AMEn of different canola meals. the AMEn of prepress solvent extracted canola and juncea meals(PSEM) from Yellow(11.2 MJ/kg) was higher(P than B1(10.2 MJ/kg) and Juncea(10.2 MJ/kg). In Exp. 2, there were no interactions(P > 0.05) among seed color,location and Enz. Supplementation of dietary Enz did not affect(P > 0.05) AMEn of different cold press canola meals. the AMEn of cold press canola meals(CPM) from Yellow(14.7 MJ/kg) was higher(P < 0.05)co

关键词： Canola meal Prepress solvent extraction Cold press extraction AMEn Yellow seeded canola Black seeded canola

Do cratons preserve evidence of stagnant lid tectonics?

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Geoscience Frontiers 2018年第1期9卷 3-17页

作者： derek Wyman School of Geosciences The University of Sydney

Evidence for episodic crustal growth extending back to the Hadean has recently prompted a number of numerically based geodynamic models that incorporate cyclic changes from stagnant lid to mobile lid tectonics. A large part of the geologic record is missing for the times at which several of these cycles are inferred to have taken place. the cratons, however, are likely to retain important clues relating to similar cycles developed in the Mesoarchean and Neoarchean. Widespread acceptance of a form of plate tectonics by ～3.2 Ga is not at odds with the sporadic occurrence of stagnant lid tectonics after this time. the concept of scale as applied to cratons, mantle plumes and Neoarchean volcanic arcs are likely to provide important constraints on future models of Earth's geodynamic evolution. the Superior Province will provide some of the most concrete evidence in this regard given that its constituent blocks may have been locked into a stagnant lid relatively soon after their formation and then assembled in the next global plate tectonic interval. Perceived complexities associated with inferred mantle plume — volcanic arc associations in the Superior Province and other cratons may be related to an over estimation of plume size. A possible stagnant lid episode between ～2.9 Ga and ～2.8 Ga is identified by previously unexplained lapses in volcanism on cratons, including the Kaapvaal, Yilgarn and Superior Province cratons. If real, then mantle dynamics associated with this episode likely eliminated any contemporaneous mantle plume incubation sites, which has important implications for widespread plumes developed at ～2.7 Ga and favours a shallow mantle source in the transition zone. the Superior Province provides a uniquely preserved local proxy for this global event and could serve as the basis for detailed numerical models in the future.

关键词： Archean Mantle overturn Superior Province Mantle plumes Stagnant lid tectonics

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Digital Servo Control of a Robotic Excavator

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2009年第2期22卷 190-197页

作者： GU Jun SEWARD derek School of Mechanical ＆ Electronic Engineering Soochow University Suzhou 215021 China Engineering Department Lancaster University Lancaster LA1 4YR UK

An electro-hydraulic control system is designed and implemented for a robotic excavator known as the Lancaster University Computerised and Intelligent Excavator （LUCIE）. the excavator is being developed to autonomously dig trenches without human intervention. Since the behavior of the excavator arm is dominated by the nonlinear dynamics of the hydraulic actuators and by the large and unpredictable external disturbances when digging, it is difficult to provide adequate accurate, quick and smooth movement under traditional control methodology, e.g., PI/PID, which is comparable with that of an average human operator. the data-based dynamic models are developed utilizing the simplified refined instrumental variable （SRIV） identification algorithm to precisely describe the nonlinear dynamical behaviour of the electro-hydraulic actuation system. Based on data-based model and proportional-integral-plus （PIP） methodology, which is a non-minimal state space method of control system design based on the true digital control （tDC） system design philosophy, a novel control system is introduced to drive the excavator arm accurately, quickly and smoothly along the desired path. the performance of simulation and field tests which drive the bucket along straight lines both demonstrate the feasibility and validity of the proposed control scheme.

关键词： robotic excavator nonlinear dynamics data-based model true digital control (tDC) proportional-integral-plus (PIP)

A novel application of fluidization-Integrating three processes in reclaiming foundry sand

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Particuology 2010年第6期8卷 595-598页

作者： derek Geldart Jim Lewis Powder Research Ltd Leeds University UK Coastal River technologies PLLC USA

Immersion of automotive parts in a fluidized bed of foundry sand is used to both strip the castings free from moulding sand and to heat-treat the castings at 500℃. the fluid bed is heated by hot gases from a burner directed first into a serpentine heat exchanger located near one side-wall of the rectangular tank, and then into a distributor consisting of horizontal sparger pipes having maintenance standpipes fixed into their upper surfaces.

关键词： Removal of moulding sand Castings Fluidized beds Heat transfer Foundries

Dry powder platform for pulmonary drug delivery

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Particuology 2008年第4期6卷 225-238页

作者： derek Ivan Daniher Jesse Zhu Graduate Program in Biomedical Engineering Department of Chemical and Biochemical EngineeringThe University of Western OntarioLondonOntarioCanada

the phenomenon of particle interaction involved in pulmonary drug delivery belongs to a wide variety of disciplines of particle technology, in particular, fluidization. this paper reviews the basic concepts of pulmonary drug delivery with references to fluidization research, in particular, studies on Geldart group C powders. Dry powder inhaler device-formulation combination has been shown to be an effective method for delivering drugs to the lung for treatment of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cystic fibrosis. Even with advanced designs, however, delivery efficiency is still poor mainly due to powder dispersion problems which cause poor lung deposition and high dose variability. Drug particles used in current inhalers must be 1–5 μm in diameter for effective deposition in small-diameter airways and alveoli. these powders are very cohesive, have poor flowability, and are difficult to disperse into aerosol due to cohesion arising from van der Waals attraction. these problems are well known in fluidization research, much of which is highly relevant to pulmonary drug delivery.

关键词： Dry powder inhaler Interparticle forces Aerosol Pulmonary drug delivery Carrier particle Fluidization

Evolution of pore systems in low-maturity oil shales during thermal upgrading--Quantified by dynamic SEM and machine learning

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 1739-1750页

作者： Jun Liu Xue Bai derek Elsworth Key Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering(Ministry of Education) Institute of New Energy and Low-Carbon TechnologySichuan UniversityChengdu610065SichuanChina International Quantum Academy Shenzhen518048GuangdongChina Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Electronic Materials Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055GuangdongChina Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering Pennsylvania State University ParkPA 16802USA

In-situ upgrading by heating is feasible for low-maturity shale oil,where the pore space dynamically *** characterize this response for a heated substrate concurrently imaged by *** systematically follow the evolution of pore quantity,size(length,width and cross-sectional area),orientation,shape(aspect ratio,roundness and solidity)and their anisotropy—interpreted by machine *** indicate that heating generates new pores in both organic matter and inorganic ***,the newly formed pores are smaller than the original pores and thus reduce average lengths and widths of the bedding-parallel pore ***,the average pore lengths and widths are increased in the bedding-perpendicular ***,heating increases the cross-sectional area of pores in low-maturity oil shales,where this growth tendency fluctuates att becomes steady at>300℃.In addition,the orientation and shape of the newly-formed heating-induced pores follow the habit of the original pores and follow the initial probability distributions of pore orientation and ***,limited anisotropy is detected in pore direction and shape,indicating similar modes of evolution both bedding-parallel and *** propose a straightforward but robust model to describe evolution of pore system in low-maturity oil shales during heating.

关键词： Low-maturity oil shale Pore elongation Organic matter pyrolysis In-situthermal upgrading Scanning electron microscopy(SEM) Machine learning

the delivery of effective therapeutic cancer vaccination

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第2期13卷 183-184页

作者： derek Hart Dendritic Cell Biology and therapeutics ANZACResearch Institute Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

the recent New England Journal of Medicine article describing the Phase3 placebo controlled trial （Immunotherapy for Prostate Andenocarcinoma treatment） was much anticipated. Its publication and peer review brings down the curtain on the, at times controversial, application by Dendreon to the US Food and Drug Administration. the Immunotherapy for Prostate Andenocarcinoma treatment data lead to the US Food and Drug Administration＇s final approval in April of the product sipuleucel-t （Provenge） as the first therapeutic vaccine for use in individuals with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer.

关键词： Climate sciences Environmental sciences

Factors shaping community structure of endophytic fungi–evidence from the Pinus-Viscum-system

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Fungal Diversity 2013年第3期60卷 55-69页

作者： derek Peršoh Systematische Botanik und Mykologie Ludwigs-Maximilians Universität MünchenMenzinger Straße 6780638 MünchenGermany Abteilung Mykologie Universität BayreuthUniversitätsstraße 30–NW I95440 BayreuthGermany

Endophytic fungal communities have been shown to be highly diverse in almost every host plant species analyzed so ***,the factors shaping their compositions are largely *** elucidate the impact of various factors,10 independent replicates of DNA extracts from each of 17 surface-sterilized leaf and stem samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing of fungal ItS1 rRNA gene ***,154 fungal OtUs(operational taxonomic units),represented by 953,385 sequences,were found in at least 2 samples from Viscum album *** and/or its host Pinus *** from earlier,cultivation-based assessments,the communities were dominated by OtUs related to the genus Mortierella and OtUs not assignable to a certain fungal ***,Ascomycota were still the most diverse group in terms of OtU richness and already hypothesized organ and host preferences of certain endophytic Xylariaceae isolated from the Pinus-Viscum-system could be *** species and organ type were also the major factors shaping the detected fungal *** two plant species clearly differed according to the endophytic fungal communities,but only stems and needles of Pinus were inhabited by significantly different fungal ***,only the 1 and 3 year old stem sections differed according to the endophytic fungal community,while differently aged leaves of both plants were indistinguishable in this *** of the organs had no impact on fungal communities in Pinus,but shorter internodes and smaller leaves showed at least a tendency to differ from the corresponding larger organs in *** communities also differed slightly between the two sampling sites,lying 200 km apart,and between the three sampling *** the samples were drawn within 15 days,this finding indicates that seasonal shifts clearly outweigh aging effects in host plant with perennial *** results therefore provide strong evidence against a linear developm

关键词： Endophytic fungi Pyrosequencing Host preference Stems Leaves Organ age Pinus sylvestris Viscum album Genetic abundance Name assignment

Machine learning classification approach for formation delineation at the basin-scale

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Petroleum Research 2022年第2期7卷 165-176页

作者： derek Vikara Vikas Khanna Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261United States KeyLogic Systems LLCMorgantownWV26505United States Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering University of PittsburghPittsburghPA15261United States

Machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches have rapidly gained popularity for use in many subsurface energy *** are seen as novel methods that may enhance existing capabilities,providing for improved efficiency in exploration and production ***,their inte-gration into reservoir management workflows may shape the future landscape of the energy *** study implements a framework that generates predictive models using multiple machine learning classification-based algorithms which can identify specific stratigraphic units(i.e.,formations)as a function of total vertical depth and spatial *** framework is applied in a case study to 13 specific formations of interest(Upper Spraberry through Atoka/Morrow reservoirs)in the Midland Basin,West texas,United States;a prominent hydrocarbon producing sub-basin of the larger Permian *** study dataset consists of over 275,000 records and includes data fields like formation iden-tifier,true vertical depth(in feet)of formations observed,and latitude and longitude coordinates(in decimal degrees).A subset of 134,374 data records were relevant to the 13 distinct formations of interest and were extracted and used for machine learning model training,validation,and *** super-vised learning approaches including random forest(RF),gradient boosting(GB),support vector machine(SVM),and multilayer perceptron neural network(MLP)were evaluated and their prediction accuracy *** best performing model was ultimately built on the RF algorithm and is capable of an overall prediction accuracy of 93 percent on holdout *** RF-based model demonstrated high prediction accuracy for major oil and gas producing zones including the San Andres,Upper Spraberry,Lower Spraberry,Clearfork,and Wolfcamp at 98,94,89,94,and 94 percent ***,the resulting data-driven model provides a robust,cost-effective approach which can complement contemporary reservoir manag

关键词： Permian basin Midland basin K-means clustering Random forest Classification machine learning