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CD4 and CD8 T cells mediate distinct lethal meningoencephalitis in mice challenged with Tacaribe arenavirus

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2017年第1期14卷 90-106页

作者： derek DC Ireland Cecilia Tami Joao Pedras-Vasconcelos Daniela Verthelyi Division of Biologics Review and Research-III Office of Biotechnology Center for Drug Evaluation and Research Food and Drug Administration Silver Spring MD 20993 USA

Neonates are at increased risk of viral encephalopathies that can result in neurological dysfunction, seizures, permanent disability and even death. The neurological damage results from the combined effect of the virus and the immune response it elicits, thus finding tools to facilitate viral clearance from central nervous system （CNs） while minimizing neuron damage remains a critical challenge. Neonatal mice inoculated intraperitoneally with Tacaribe virus （TCRV） develop seizures, hindlimb paralysis and death within 15 days of inoculation. TCRV localizes to the CNs within days of challenge, primarily infecting astrocytes in the cerebellum and brain stem. We show that infection leads to inflammation, T cell and monocyte infiltration into the cerebellar parenchyma, apoptosis of astrocytes, neuronal degeneration and loss of Purkinje cells. Infiltrating antigen-specific T cells fail to clear the virus but drive the disease, as T-cell-deficient CD3ε KO mice survive TCRV infection with minimal inflammation or clinical manifestations despite no difference in CNs viral loads in comparison with T-cell sufficient mice. CD8＋ T cells drive the pathology, which even in the absence of CD4＋ T-cell help, infiltrate the parenchyma and mediate the apoptotic loss of cerebellar astrocytes, neurodegeneration and loss of Purkinje cells resulting in loss of balance, paralysis and death. CD4＋ T cells are also pathogenic inducing gliosis and inflammation in the cerebellum and cerebrum that are associated with wasting and death several weeks after CD4＋ T-cell transfer. These data demonstrate distinct pathogenic effects of CD4＋ and CD8＋ T cells and identify them as possible therapeutic targets.

关键词： Astrocytes CD4 T cells CD8 T cells encephalitis Purkinje cells virus

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High level HIV-1 DNA concentrations in brain tissues differentiate patients with post-HAART AIDs dementia complex or cardiovascular disease from those with AIDs

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science China(Life sciences) 2009年第7期52卷 651-656页

作者： GALLIGAN derek C. LAMERs susanna L. YU stephanie sHAGRUN Lamia sALEMI Marco MCGRATH Michael s. Department of Laboratory Medicine Positive Health Program University of CaliforniaSan Francisco California 94110 USA Gene Johnson Inc. St.Augustine Florida32080USA Pathologica Inc. Burlingame California 94010 USA Department of Pathology Immunology and Laboratory Medicine University of FloridaGainesville Florida 32610 USA

Highly active antiretroviral treatment(HAART) has had a significant impact on survival of individuals with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDs);however,with the longer life-span of patients with AIDs,there is increasing prevalence of AIDs dementia complex(ADC) and other non-AIDs-defining illness,and cardiovascular diseases(CVD) are also *** influence of these varied disease processes on HIV-1 DNA concentration in brain tissues has not been thoroughly assessed in the post-HAART *** purpose of the current study is to clarify the impacts of ADC and other complications of HIV disease on the viral load in the brains in AIDs patients with *** examined autopsy specimens from the brains of thirteen patients who died from complications of AIDs with quantitative polymerase chain reaction(QPCR).All but one patient had received HAART prior to death since *** patients died with severe CVD,multiple cerebrovascular atherosclerosis(CVA) throughout the brain and five patients died with *** patients had no ADC/CVA.A QPCR was used to measure the presence of HIV-1 DNA in six brain tissues(meninges,frontal grey matter,frontal white matter,temporal subcortex,cerebellum and basal ganglia).In the post-HARRT era,for non-ADC/CVA patients,HIV-1 DNA concentration in brain tissues was statistically higher than that in patients with *** a new finding,two patients who suffered from severe CVD,especially CVA,also had high concentrations of HIV-1 in brain compartments not showing ADC related *** our knowledge,this is the first report of a relationship between the CVA and HIV-1 viral burden in *** current observations suggest that HAART-resistant HIV reservoirs may survive within ADC lesions of the brain as well as the macrophage rich atherosclerosis,which needs to be confirmed by more AIDs cases with CVA.

关键词： HIV-1 AIDs dementia complex quantitative PCR DNA cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular atherosclerosis

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Bank erosion in an Andean páramo river system: Implications for hydro-development and carbon dynamics in the neotropical Andes

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Journal of Mountain science 2019年第2期16卷 243-255页

作者： derek J.MARTIN Christopher ELY Beverley C.WEMPLE Department of Geography and Planning Appalachian State University Department of Geography University of Vermont

The páramo of the Northern Andes provide critically important ecosystem services to the Northern Andean region in the form of water provisioning and carbon sequestration, both of which are a result of the páramo?s organic-rich soils. Little is known, however, about the hydro-geomorphic characteristics of the rivers that drain these ecosystems. With impending plans for widespread hydro-development and increasing implementation of carbon-sequestering compensation for ecosystem services programs in the region it is imperative that we develop a thorough understanding of the hydrogeomorphic role that rivers play in this unique ecosystem. The objective of this study was to quantify bank erosion along an Amazonian headwater stream draining a small, relatively undisturbed páramo catchment to gain a better understanding of the natural erosion regime and the resulting sediment contributions from this unique ecosystem. This study implemented a combination of field, laboratory, and Geographic Information systems techniques to quantify bank erosion rates and determine a bank erosion sediment yield from the Ningar River, a small páramo catchment(22.7 km^2) located in the eastern Andean cordillera of Ecuador. Results show that bank erosion rates range from 3.0 to ≥ 390.0 mm/yr, are highly episodic, and yield at least 487 tons of sediment annually to the Ningar River. These results imply that 1) páramo ecosystems substantially contribute to the sediment load of the Amazon River basin; 2) bank erosion is a potentially significant flux component of basin-scale carbon cycles in páramo ecosystems; and 3) hydrologic alteration campaigns(dam building) will likely critically alter these contributions and concomitantly disconnect a critical source of sediment and nutrients to downstream ecosystems.

关键词： Bank erosion Páramo Fluvial geomorphology Andes

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Once more unto the breach,dear friends,once more

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World Journal of Critical Care Medicine 2012年第1期1卷 1-3页

作者： derek s Wheeler Department of Pediatrics University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati OH 45267 United States Division of Critical Care Medicine Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH 45229 United States The James M. Anderson Center for Health systems Excellence Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Cincinnati OH 45229 United States

The first issue of the World Journal of Critical Care Medicine(WJCCM), whose preparatory work was initiated on December 16, 2010, will be published on February 4, 2012. The WJCCM Editorial Board has now been established and consists of 105 distinguished experts from 27 countries. Our purpose of launching the WJCCM is to publish peer-reviewed, high-quality articles via an open-access online publishing model, thereby acting as a platform for communication between peers and the wider public, and maximizing the benefits to editorial board members, authors and readers.

关键词： Critical care medicine Biomedical sciences Peer-reviewed Open-access Journal

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Maternal and fetal T cells in term pregnancy and preterm labor

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第7期17卷 693-704页

作者： derek Miller Meyer Gershater Rebecca slutsky Roberto Romero Nardhy Gomez-Lopez Perinatology Research Branch Division of Obstetrics and Maternal–Fetal MedicineDivision of Intramural ResearchEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNational Institutes of HealthU.S.Department of Health and Human ServicesDetroitMIUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Wayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMIUSA Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics Wayne State UniversityDetroitMIUSA Detroit Medical Center DetroitMIUSA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Florida International UniversityMiamiFLUSA Department of Biochemistry Microbiology and ImmunologyWayne State University School of MedicineDetroitMIUSA

Pregnancy is a state of immunological balance during which the mother and the developing fetus must tolerate each other while maintaining sufficient immunocompetence to ward off potential *** site of closest contact between the mother and fetus is the decidua,which represents the maternal–fetal *** of the immune cell subsets present at the maternal–fetal interface have been well described;however,the importance of the maternal T cells in this compartment during late gestation and its complications,such as preterm labor and birth,has only recently been ***,pioneer and recent studies have indicated that fetal T cells are activated in different subsets of preterm labor and may elicit distinct inflammatory responses in the amniotic cavity,leading to preterm *** this review,we describe the established and proposed roles for maternal T cells at the maternal–fetal interface in normal term parturition,as well as the demonstrated contributions of such cells to the pathological process of preterm labor and *** also summarize the current knowledge of and proposed roles for fetal T cells in the pathophysiology of the preterm labor *** is our hope that this review provides a solid conceptual framework highlighting the importance of maternal and fetal T cells in late gestation and catalyzes new research questions that can further scientific understanding of these cells and their role in preterm labor and birth,the leading cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide.

关键词： maternal-fetal interface decidua amniotic fluid adaptive immunity parturition

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Measuring powder flowability with a modified Warren spring cohesion tester

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Particuology 2011年第2期9卷 148-154页

作者： salam A.Mohammed Ezzat C.Abdullah derek Geldart Abdul Aziz A.Raman Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of Malaya Powder Research Ltd. Harrogate& University of Leeds

The measurement of powder flowability is a major concern for most industrial processes that deal with the handling of bulk solids as raw materials, intermediates, or products. The development of devices that measure the flowability of non-aerated powders has not progressed as rapidly as might have been hoped since most research activities have been based on various types of shear testers intended to aid the design of hoppers. A new flowability indicator named as weighted cohesion （Ws） is established using newly improved version of direct cohesion texture. A cornerstone of the proposed technique is that the procedure is automated, using a digital Warren spring tester called Warren spring-University of Malaya cohesion tester （WsUMCT）, thus making results operator-insensitive. Besides being a practical tool to diagnose the cohesion of experimental powders, the ratio between measured cohesion （using WsUMCT） and aerated density （using Hosokawa PT-s） provides us with a powerful technique to research fundamental particle internal cohesion forces directly and use these data to indicate the flowability. In this work, a series of fine （9.4μm） and coarse （60 μm） porous silica gel particle mixtures, and mixtures of fine （28μm） and coarse （72 μm） glass ballotini as well, were used as test powders. The results from these tests agree well with relative flowability determined on our newly driven indicator using WsUMCT. The validation of aerated weighted cohesion （WsA） as a flowability indicator was authenticated by comparing the conducted parameter with established measured Hausner ratio （HR） and angle of repose （AoR）.

关键词： Flowability Cohesion strength Hausner ratio Particle sizeAngle of reposeCohesive powder

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sensitivity analysis of a parallel-plate method for measuring the dielectric permittivity of high-voltage insulating materials

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High Voltage 2017年第3期2卷 200-204页

作者： Anton V.Vykhodtsev Behzad Kordi derek R.Oliver Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Manitoba75a Chancellor's CircleWinnipegManitobaCanada R3T 5V62 Manitoba Institute for Materials University of Manitoba25 Sifton RoadWinnipegManitobaCanada R3T 2N2

Ascertaining the dielectric character of polymeric insulation materials is of particular interest for comparative studies that use accelerated ageing and samples from decommissioned *** the case of polymeric samples,the possibility of physical deformation within the sample holder adds additional variability to comparative *** readily obtainable instrumentation,this study undertakes a systematic sensitivity analysis of a parallel-plate capacitance measurement approach for polymeric materials that only has one capacitance plate in contact with the sample,avoiding issues of sample *** analysis demonstrates that the biggest contributor of uncertainty in the measurement of the relative permittivity and loss tangent is the precision with which the plate–plate and plate–sample separation is *** measurements show that the determination of loss tangent can be susceptible to uncertainties arising from electrical noise,but that these can be controlled further by utilising more refined instrumentation.

关键词： deformation plate analysis

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Organic Geochemical and Petrographic Characteristics of the Coal Measure source Rocks of Pinghu Formation in the Xihu sag of the East China sea shelf Basin: Implications for Coal Measure Gas Potential

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Acta Geologica sinica(English Edition) 2020年第2期94卷 364-375页

作者： WANG Yang QIN Yong YANG Liu LIU shimin derek ELsWORTH ZHANG Rui Key Laboratory of Coalbed Methane Resources and Reservoir Formation Process Ministry of EducationChina University of Mining and TechnologyXuzhou.Jiangsu 221008China school of Resources and Earth science.China University of Mining and Technology XuzhouJiangsu 221116China Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering G^3 Center and Energy InstituteThe Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park.PA 16802.USA Jiangsu Design Institute of Geology for Mineral Resources XuzhouJiangsu 221006China Neutron scattering Division.Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak RidgeTN 37830USA

Coal measure source rocks, located in the Xihu sag of the East China sea shelf Basin, were analyzed to define the hydrocarbon generation potential, organic geochemistry/petrology characteristics, and coal preservation conditions. The Pinghu source rocks in the Xihu sag are mainly gas-prone accompany with condensate oil generation. The coals and shales of the Pinghu Formation are classified from "fair" to "excellent" source rocks with total organic carbon(TOC) contents ranging from 25.2% to 77.2% and 1.29% to 20.9%, respectively. The coals are richer in TOC and s1+s2 than the shales, indicating that the coals have more generation potential per unit mass. Moreover, the kerogen type of the organic matter consists of types Ⅱ-Ⅲ and Ⅲ, which the maturity Ro ranges from 0.59% to 0.83%. Petrographically, the coals and shales are dominated by vitrinite macerals(69.1%–96.8%) with minor proportions of liptinite(2.5%–17.55%) and inertinite(0.2%–6.2%). The correlation between maceral composition and s1+s2 indicates that the main contributor to the generation potential is vitrinite. Therefore, the coals and shales of the Pinghu Formation has good hydrocarbon generation potential, which provided a good foundation for coal measure gas accumulation. Furthermore, coal facies models indicates that the Pinghu coal was deposited in limno-telmatic environment under high water levels, with low tree density(mainly herbaceous) and with low-moderate nutrient supply. Fluctuating water levels and intermittent flooding during the deposition of peat resulted in the inter-layering of coal, shale and sandstone, which potentially providing favorable preservation conditions for coal measure gas.

关键词： hydrocarbon generation potential coal facies coal measure gas Pinghu Formation Xihu sag

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A sensorless state Estimation for A safety-Oriented Cyber-Physical system in Urban Driving:Deep Learning Approach

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica sinica 2021年第1期8卷 169-178页

作者： Mohammad Al-sharman David Murdoch Dongpu Cao Chen Lv Yahya Zweiri derek Rayside William Melek the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada the Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada the Cognitive Autonomous Driving Lab University of WaterlooWaterloo N2L 3G1Canada the school of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 999002Singapore the Faculty of science Engineering and ComputingKingston University LondonLondon SW153DWUK the Khalifa University Center for Autonomous Robotic systems Department of Aerospace EngineeringKhalifa UniversityAbu Dhabi 127788UAE

In today's modern electric vehicles,enhancing the safety-critical cyber-physical system(CPs)'s performance is necessary for the safe maneuverability of the *** a typical CPs,the braking system is crucial for the vehicle design and safe ***,precise state estimation of the brake pressure is desired to perform safe driving with a high degree of *** this paper,a sensorless state estimation technique of the vehicle's brake pressure is developed using a deep-learning approach.A deep neural network(DNN)is structured and trained using deep-learning training techniques,such as,dropout and rectified *** techniques are utilized to obtain more accurate model for brake pressure state estimation *** proposed model is trained using real experimental training data which were collected via conducting real vehicle *** vehicle was attached to a chassis dynamometer while the brake pressure data were collected under random driving *** on these experimental data,the DNN is trained and the performance of the proposed state estimation approach is validated *** results demonstrate high-accuracy brake pressure state estimation with RMsE of 0.048 MPa.

关键词： Brake pressure state estimation cyber-physical system(CPs) deep learning dropout regularization approach

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Translational Regulation of Metabolic Dynamics during Effector-Triggered Immunity

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Molecular Plant 2020年第1期13卷 88-98页

作者： Heejin Yoo George H.Greene Meng Yuan Guoyong Xu derek Burton Lijing Liu Jorge Marques Xinnian Dong Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of BiologyDuke UniversityBox 90338DurhamNC 27708USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement National Centre of Plant Gene Research(Wuhan)Huazhong Agricultural University430070 WuhanChina Present address:Department of Plant Biology Ecologyand EvolutionOklahoma State UniversityStillwaterOK 74078USA Present address:National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Institute for Advanced Studies(IAS)Wuhan UniversityWuhanHubei 430072China Present address:Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environment Adaptation Biology Ministry of EducationSchool of Life SciencesShandong UniversityQingdaoChina Present address:David H.Murdock Research Institute KannapolisNC 28081USA

Recent studies have shown that global translational reprogramming is an early activation event in pattern-triggered immunity,when plants recognize microbe-associated molecular ***,it is not fully known whether translational regulation also occurs in subsequent immune responses,such as effector-triggered immunity(ETI).In this study,we performed genome-wide ribosome profiling in Arabidopsis upon RPs2-mediated ETI activation and discovered that specific groups of genes were translationally regulated,mostly in coordination with *** genes encode enzymes involved in aromatic amino acid,phenylpropanoid,camalexin,and sphingolipid *** functional significance of these components in ETI was confirmed by genetic and biochemical *** findings provide new insights into diverse translational regulation of plant immune responses and demonstrate that translational coordination of metabolic gene expression is an important strategy for ETI.

关键词： translational regulation ribosome profiling effector-triggered immunity,ETI phenylalanine phenylpropanoids helper receptors

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