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Experimental study on the interaction between peat,lignite and germanium-bearing solution at low temperature

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1411-1417页

作者： QI Huawen1,2. HU Ruizhong1 & QI Liang1 1. Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, guiyang 550002. china 2. department of Earth Science, Nanjing {2., Nanjing 2.0093, china 1. Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 550002 Guiyang China 2. department of Earth Science Nanjing University 210093 Nanjing Chin

The interaction between peat, lignite and germanium(Ge)-bearing solution with an initial Ge concentration of 5 mg/L was studied at 2.―100℃ and at pH 2.96―12.08. The results show that the apparent transfer ratios of peat and lignite for Ge in the solution were positively correlated with temperature in acid environment (initial pH=2.96), and the ratios (up to 86.5%) of lignite were obviously higher than those (up to 58.5%) of peat, but the organic transfer ratios of lignite were lower than those of peat. The activation energy values for interaction between peat, lignite and Ge-bearing solution are 30.96 and 15.67 kJmol?1, respectively. The strong acid (initial pH=2.96) and the strong alkaline (initial pH=12.08) environment contribute to the transfer of Ge in the solution. At 4

关键词： low temperature, peat, lignite, Ge4+, complexation.

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第3期15卷 423-432页

作者： ZHANG Dai-jun 1,2.(1. department of Environmental Science, Chongqing university, Campus A, Chongqing 400044, {2. 2. Key Laboratory for the Southwest {2. resources Exploitation and Environmental Disaster Control Engineering, Ministry of Education, {2..) department of Environmental Science Chongqing University China

The integration of methanogenesis with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation(ANAMMOX) was studied in an expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor in this work. Experimental results from the continuous treatment of wastewater with nitrite and ammonium, which lasted for 107 days, demonstrated that wastewater with high nitrite and ammonium could be anaerobically treated in an expanded granular sludge bed reactor. More than 91% to 97% of COD were removed at up to about 3.9 g COD/(L·d) of COD volumetric loading rate. More than 97% to 100% of nitrite was denitrified at up to about 0.8 g NO -_2.N/(L·d), which is 16 times higher than that in a conventional activated sludge system with nitrification/denitrification(0.05 gN/(L·d)). No dissimilatory reduction of nitrite to ammonium occurred in the process. However, maximum of about 40% ammonium was found to be lost. Batch tests of 15 days with sludge from the reactor showed that 100% of nitrite was denitrified completely, and about 3% of ammonium was removed when only ammonium (34.3 mg/L) and nitrite(34.3 mg/L) were added into the sludge suspension medium. Furthermore, about 15% of ammonium amounts were lost with organic COD addition. It suggested that the methanogenesis in the system could enhance ANAMMOX because of intermediate hydrogen produced during methanogenesis.

关键词： methanogenesis denitrification ANAMMOX EGSB reactor

Dehydration melting of solid amphibolite at 2.0 GPa: Effects of time and temperature

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Science china Earth Sciences 2005年第8期48卷 1120-1133页

作者： ZHOU Wenge1, XIE Hongsen1, LIU Yonggang1, ZHENG Xiaogang1, ZHAO Zhidan2.& ZHOU Hui3 1. Laboratory of Material in the Earth’s Interior, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, guiyang 550002. china 2. department of Geology, {2. university of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, {2. 3. department of Geology, Peking university, Beijing 100871, {2. 1. Laboratory of Material in the Earth’s Interior Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 550002 Guiyang China 2. department of Geology China University of Geosciences 100083 Beijing China 3. department of Geology Peking University 100871 Beijing China

Two sets of dehydration-melting with a natural solid amphibolite, collected from North Himalayan structure zone, Tibet, have been carried out in multi-anvil apparatus at 2.0 GPa and 800―1000℃, for 12.2.0 h. One is keeping the pressure at 2.0 GPa and the annealing time of 12.h, changing the temperature (800―1000℃). The other is keeping the pressure at 2.0 GPa and temperature at 850℃, varying the annealing time (12.2.0 h). The products are inspected with microscope and electron probe. The results indicate that at 2.0 GPa, annealing time of 12.h, garnets, melts and clinopyroxenes occur in amphibolite gradually with increasing temperature and the chemical compositions of melt vary from tonalite to granodiorite, and then to tonalite. However, at 2.0 GPa and 850℃, with the annealing time increasing, the garnets, melts and cli-nopyroxenes also occur in amphibolite gradually and the chemical compositions of melt vary from tonalite to granodiorite. In both cases, melts interconnect with each other when the contents of melt are over the 5 vol.%. the viscosities of the melt produced in amphibolite at temperature higher than 850℃ are on a level with 104 Pa·s. The interconnected melt with such a viscosity may segregate from the source rock and form the magma over reasonable geological time. Therefore, it is believed that at the lower part of the overthickened crust, the tonlitic and grano-dioritic magma may be generated through the dehydration melting of amphibolite.

关键词： solid amphibolite, high pressure, high temperature, time, partial melting.

Effect of Pb, Hg and Cd in soil on scavenging system of activated oxygen in tobacco leaves

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 91-93页

作者： YAN Chongling~(1,2., HONG Yetang~1, WANG Shijie~1, LIN Peng~3, YANG Xianke~2. FU Shunzhen~2. ZHU Keyong~2.and WU Shanqi~2.1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, guiyang 550002. china 2. Guizhou Institute of Environmental Protection, guiyang 550002. china 3. {2. of Biology, Xiamen university, Xiamen 361005, china State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Guizhou Institute of Environmental Protection Guiyang 550002 China department of Biology Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China

Pb, Hg and Cd will affect human health by vegetative chain. In recent years, people more and more are concerned about heavy metal pollution of the soil-plant system. Many researchers studied the effect of single heavy metal on growth, photosynthesis, respiration and quality of plants, but few systematicstudies of the effect of heavy metals on the scavenging system of activated oxygen of plants. This note systematically studies the effect of Pb, Hg and Cd in soil on the scavenging system of activated oxygen in tobacco leaves. 1 Material and methods Material: Tobacco (Nicoticana tabacum L). Methods: Cultivating and measuring methods were according to reference. 2.Results Results of this study indicate that the common effect of Pb, Hg and Cd on activity of CAT is obvi-

关键词： Pb Hg and Cd scavenging system of activated oxygen tobacco.

Environmental records of lacustrine sediments in different time scales:Sediment grain size as an example

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Science china Earth Sciences 2004年第10期47卷 954-960页

作者： CHEN Jing’an1, WAN Guojiang1, David Dian Zhang2. ZHANG Feng1 & HUANG Ronggui1 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, guiyang 550002. china 2. department of Geography and Geology, {2. of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, china 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 550002 Guiyang China 2. department of Geography and Geology University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong China

Sediment grain size is a conventional proxy of climatic changes. Larger sediment grain size is often interpreted to indicate dry climate during lower lake level while smaller sedi- ment grain size implies wet climate during higher lake level. Through detailed study on sediment grain sizes in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai, this paper reveals the different indication signifi- cances of sediment grain sizes in different time scales, different resolution investigations. For long time-scale and low resolution (102. or 103a) studies, larger sediment grain size indicates lower lake level, smaller lake area and drier climate while smaller sediment grain size indicates higher lake level, larger lake area and wetter climate. For short time-scale and high resolution (a or 10a) studies, larger sediment grain size reflects more rainfall and wetter climate while smaller sediment grain size reflects less rainfall and drier climate. Environmental information revealed by lacustrine sediment records is often different in different time scales because of the variance of sedimentation resolution, sampling resolution and dating precision. Therefore, paleoclimate im- plications of environmental proxies in long time-scale and low resolution investigations could not be mechanically applied to short time-scale and high resolution studies. Only after synthetically analyzing the influence manner and extent of all factors on the sediment records in different time scales, can credible conclusions be obtained.

关键词： lacustrine sediment, environmental record, grain size, time scale.

Study on Method of Fault Vibration Diagnose for Roller Overrunning Clutch

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厦门大学学报（自然科学版） 2002年第S1期41卷 216-217页

作者： LUO Yi-xin 1, DOU Yi-bing 2.(1. department of resources Engineering, Xiangtan Polytechnic Univers ity, Xiangtan 4112.1,china 2. Guizhou {2., guiyang 55002., china)

Fault diagnose of the roller overrunning clutch is a headache problem in engineering at home and abroad. This paper introduces a new method to solve the problem by using the wavelet transform to separate fault si gnal and further analyzing the impact frequency. The signal local singularities under the wavelet transform are studied. According to the propagation features of modulus maximums of the fault signal and the noise under the wavelet transfor m different on the scales, and by use of the signal wavelet decomposition-recon struction algorithm, the clutch shell vibration acceleration signal is decompose d, denoised, and *** signal-to-noise of the monitored signal imp roved *** fault characteristic signal on time domain is *** f ault characteristic frequency is picked up. Experiment shows that it is quite effective.

关键词： clutch frequency fault diagnose

Recent advances in functional utilisation of environmentally friendly and recyclable high-performance green biocomposites: A review

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第4期35卷 73-85页

作者： guiyang Zheng Xuelian Kang Haoran Ye Wei Fan Christian Sonne Su Shiung Lam Rock Keey Liew Changlei Xia Yang Shi Shengbo Ge Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest resources College of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China School of Textile Science and Engineering&Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product of Ministry of Education Xi'an Polytechnic UniversityXi'an 710048China department of Bioscience Arctic Research Centre(ARC)Aarhus UniversityFrederiksborgvej 399PO Box 358DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark Sustainability Cluster School of EngineeringUniversity of Petroleum&Energy StudiesDehradunUttarakhand 248007India Higher Institution Centre of Excellence(HICoE) Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries(AKUATROP)Universiti Malaysia Terengganu21030 Kuala NerusTerengganuMalaysia Center for Transdisciplinary Research Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical SciencesSaveetha UniversityChennai 600072India NV Western PLT Georgetown 10400PenangMalaysia Aerospace Kaitian Environmental Technology Co. Ltd.Changsha 410000China Hunan Hongsen Novel Material Technology Co. Ltd.Yiyang 413407China

Humans have relied on biomass for survival and development since the Stone Age. All aspects of human needs for materials are covered by tools, fuel, and buildings. Nowadays, metals and petroleum-based materials are widely used in highly developed industries. Unfortunately, environmental contamination and the loss of natural resources have led to the reemergence of biomass resources as efficient and sustainable energy sources. Notably, simple and direct applications can no longer meet the demand for functionalization, high performance of materials and construction materials. Therefore, it is imperative to modify biomass and combine its utilisation to produce functionalization and high performance materials. For example, construction materials with superior mechanical properties and water resistance can be produced by reinforcing fibres to facilitate crosslinking. Water-oil separation or adsorption effects of hydrogels and aerogels are determined by the porosity and lightness of biomass, biocomposite conductor is prepared by chimaeric conductive material. Here, we review the approaches that have been taken to devise an environmentally friendly yet fully recyclable and sustainable functionalised biocomposites from biomass and its potential directions for future research.

关键词： Biocomposite Renewable Sustainability Advanced functional material Pollution mitigation

Magnetic mineralogy of the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit: Implications for ore genesis

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2007年第10期17卷 1192-1198页

作者： Xi Aihua1,2. Ge Yuhui1, Cai Yuanfeng2.and Zhang Xuefeng3(1. Faculty of resources & Environment, Southwest Petroleum university, Chengdu 610500, {2. 2. State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research, Nanjing university, Nanjing 2.0093, {2. 3. department of Natural resources & Technology Information, {2. university of Petroleum, Beijing 102.49, {2.) Faculty of resources & Environment Southwest Petroleum University Chengdu 610500 China State Key Laboratory for Endogenic Metal Deposit Research Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China department of Natural resources & Technology Information China University of Petroleum Beijing 102249 China

Pyrrhotite is one of the common ore minerals in Cu-Ni sulphide deposits, but only monoclinic pyrrhotite is ferromagnetic at room temperature. X-ray and EPA analyses reveal that most pyrrhotite forming sideronitic texture in the Hongqiling Cu-Ni sulphide deposit is monoclinic, but that in the massive ore is a mixture of monoclinic and hexagonal pyrrhotites. Differential thermal and magnetic- thermogravimetric analyses of massive ore indicate a magnetic transition and heat absorption at 32.℃, suggesting that this temperature is the thermomagnetic and phase transition point of pyrrhotite. For massive pyrrhotite ores heated at 400oC for 30 h and then quenched by cool water, the monoclinic pyrrhotite (mpo) transforms completely into the hexagonal pyrrhotite (hpo). However, all the pyrrhotites resulting from slow cooling of the sample in air are mpo. These results indicate that transformation between hpo and mpo depends upon the cooling rate. Therefore, massive ores in this deposit might have been formed via rapid cooling of ore melts. On the other hand, it is significant to study the effect of the ratio of the magnetite in total ores on the genesis of magmatic Cu-Ni suphide deposits.

关键词： pyrrhotite magnetite genesis of Cu-Ni sulphide deposit Hongqiling.

Nitrogen and oxygen isotope budget balance in tropospheric N_2.

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 99-100页

作者： XU Wenbin~(1,2. and HONG Yetang~1 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, guiyang 550002. china 2. Institute of Environment and resources Chemistry, Zhejiang {2., Hangzhou 31002., china State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China Institute of Environment and resources Chemistry Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

THK N2. is an important greenhouse gas. In the steady state the stable isotopic composition of nitrogenand oxygen in tropospheric N2. is balanced by isotopically light N2. emitted from soils and oceans andisotopically... 详细信息

THK N2./sub>O is an important greenhouse gas. In the steady state the stable isotopic composition of nitrogenand oxygen in tropospheric N2./sub>O is balanced by isotopically light N2./sub>O emitted from soils and oceans andisotopically heavy N2./sub>O as return flux from the stratosphere. However, no such balance was reached incalculations given by Kim and Craig. This serious discrepancy lied in the fact that only soil and oceanic sources were considered in Kim and Craig’s calculation and N2./sub>O emission from tropical forest soil wastaken as the global soil contribution. Progress since the 1990s in identifying additional sources of atmospheric N2./sub>O as well as in the estimation from various types of soil allows us to make more realistic assessment of nitrogen and oxygen isotope balance budgets in tropospheric N2./sub>O. In this note, modification willbe proposed of atmospheric N2./sub>O nitrogen and oxygen isotope budgets to Kim and Craig’s calculation. The static balance of nitrogen and oxygen isotopes in tropospheric N2./sub>O is expressed

关键词： N2. nitrogen stable isotope oxygen stable isotope budget balance troposphere.