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Dietary enrichment of edible insects with omega 3 fatty acids

Insect Science 2020年第3期27卷 500-509页

作者： dennis g.a.b.oonincx Sophie Laurent Margot E.Veenenbos Joop J.A.van Loon Department of Animal Sciences Animal Nutrition GroupWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands Laboratory of Entomology Department of Plant SciencesWageningen UniversityWageningenthe Netherlands Sophie Laurent ON IRISFood Process EngineeringUMR CNRS 6144 GEPEANantes Cedex 3France

Edible insects are advocated as sustainable and healthy food and feed.However,commercially produced insects are often low in n‐3 fatty acids and have suboptimal n‐6/n‐3 ratios.A certain amount and proportion of these FAs is required to optimize human health.Flaxseed oil consists primarily(57%)out of alpha‐linolenic acid.An experiment was conducted to quantify the effect of flaxseed oil provision on fatty acid composition and to determine the quantity needed to attain a beneficial n‐6/n‐3 ratio.Three species were used in the experiment:house crickets(Acheta domesticus[L.]),lesser mealworms(Alphitobius diaperinus[Pfanzer])and black soldier flies(Hermetia illucens[L.]).These were provided with either a control diet or a diet enriched with 1%,2%,or 4%flaxseed oil during their larval/nymphal stage.Fatty acid profiles of diets and insects were determined via gC‐MS.The three species had distinct fatty acid profiles on all four diets,but responded similarly to flaxseed oil addition.For each percent added to the diet,the alpha‐linolenic acid content of the insects increased by 2.3%–2.7%.Four percent addition increased the n‐3 fatty acid content 10–20 fold in the three species and thereby strongly decreased n‐6/n‐3 ratios from 18–36 to 0.8–2.4.A ratio below 5 is considered optimal for human health and was achieved by 2%flaxseed oil inclusion for house crickets and lesser mealworms,and at 1%inclusion for black soldier flies.Adding a source of n‐3 fatty acids to insect diets can thus improve the nutritional quality of insects.

关键词： Acheta domesticus Alphitobius diaperinus diet fatty acids Hermetia illucens

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b-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2:infection,vaccination,and hybrid immunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2024年第2期21卷 144-158页

作者： dennis Lapuente Thomas H.Winkler Matthias Tenbusch Institut für klinische und molekulare Virologie Universitätsklinikum Erlangen und Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossgarten 491054 ErlangenGermany Department of biology Division of GeneticsNikolaus-Fiebiger-Center for Molecular MedicineFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg(FAU)ErlangenGermany Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen Friedrich-Alexander-Universität(FAU)Erlangen-NürnbergSchlossplatz 191054 ErlangenGermany

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)in 2019 prompted scientific,medical,and biotech communities to investigate infection-and vaccine-induced immune responses in the context of this pathogen.b-cell and antibody responses are at the center of these investigations,as neutralizing antibodies(nAbs)are an important correlate of protection(COP)from infection and the primary target of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine modalities.In addition to absolute levels,nAb longevity,neutralization breadth,immunoglobulin isotype and subtype composition,and presence at mucosal sites have become important topics for scientists and health policy makers.The recent pandemic was and still is a unique setting in which to study de novo and memory b-cell(MbC)and antibody responses in the dynamic interplay of infection-and vaccine-induced immunity.It also provided an opportunity to explore new vaccine platforms,such as mRNA or adenoviral vector vaccines,in unprecedented cohort sizes.Combined with the technological advances of recent years,this situation has provided detailed mechanistic insights into the development of b-cell and antibody responses but also revealed some unexpected findings.In this review,we summarize the key findings of the last 2.5 years regarding infection-and vaccine-induced b-cell immunity,which we believe are of significant value not only in the context of SARS-CoV-2 but also for future vaccination approaches in endemic and pandemic settings.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies memory responses vaccines Igg4

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Application of the Shrinking Particle Model for the Evaluation of Molecular Recyclability of PET versus Semi-Aromatic Polyesters

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 21-35页

作者： Jack van Schijndel Sanne de Krom dennis Molendijk Koen van beurden Amarante böttger Research group biopolymers/green Chemistry Centre of Expertise Safe & Resilient Society Avans University of Applied Science Breda Netherlands New Materials and Their Applications Centre of Expertise Safe & Resilient Society Avans University of Applied Science Breda Netherlands Department of Materials Science and Engineering Delft University of Technology Delft Netherlands

The molecular recyclability of poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and three semi-aromatic polyesters poly (phloretic acid) (poly-H), poly (dihydroferulic acid) (poly-g), and poly (dihydrosinapinic acid) (poly-S) is evaluated in this study. PET is an extensively used aromatic polyester, and poly-H, poly-g, and poly-S can be considered semi-aromatic poly (lactic acid) modifications. All these polyesters have been depolymerized at neutral pH and by acid- and base-catalyzed hydrolysis at two temperatures, i.e., 50˚C and 80˚C. base-catalyzed depolymerization of virgin PET leads to an isolated yield of 38% after 48 hours of reaction at 80˚C. Contrary to these results for PET, almost all the monomers of the semi-aromatic polyesters poly-H, poly-g, and poly-S are recovered with isolated yields larger than 90% at the same temperature after 15 minutes in a facile manner. A shrinking particle model used to determine the global kinetics of the base-catalyzed depolymerization showed that the rate rises with increasing temperature. Using the shrinking particle model, the intrinsic reaction rate constants were determined. It has been demonstrated that the rate coefficients of the depolymerization of the semi-aromatic polyesters poly-H, poly-g, and poly-S are between 2 and 3 orders of magnitude higher than those for PET.

关键词： Depolymerization Molecular Recycling Poly-H Poly-g Poly-S PET Circular Polymers

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A detailed comparison of the composition of(RE)-ba-Cu-O-Ag bulk superconductors

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Superconductivity 2024年第1期9卷 87-94页

作者： J.V.J.Congreve Y.Shi A.R.dennis H.Druiff N.C.Tutt D.A.Cardwell J.H.Durrell Department of Engineering University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

The homogeneity of the microstructure and composition are critical in determining the properties of rare earthbarium‐cuprate,single grain bulk superconductors[(RE)bCO].The magnitude of the trapped magnetic field achieveable in these technologically important materials,in particular,is influenced heavily by the size and distribution of(RE)_(2)baCuO_(x)(RE‐211)flux pinning inclusions in the bulk microstructure,whereas the size and distribution of silver agglomerates present within the bulk superconducting matrix correlate directly with improved mechanical properties.With careful engineering,these materials have significant potential for application in range of devices related to energy storage,medicine,electro‐magnetic machinery and microelectronic technology.Fabrication of(RE)bCO bulk superconductors typically involves heating a powder compact above its peritectic decomposition temperature followed by slow cooling to facilitate the growth of a single grain.Each(RE)bCO composition has a different peritectic temperature and growth rate,which,therefore,necessitates different requirements in the heating profile.The fabrication temperature and growth rate,for example,may have an effect on the RE‐211 and silver distribution,which may,in turn,affect the superconducting properties of the resulting single grain.In this work we compare the distributions of silver and RE‐211 in the single grain microstructures of YbCOAg,gdbCO‐Ag,EubCO‐Ag and SmbCO‐Ag bulk superconductors using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy.We observe that the distributions are very similar along both the a/b‐axis and c‐axis of these materials.This suggests that factors other than the maximum temperature used to achieve peritectic decomposition and the rate of single grain growth are particularly influential in determining the properties of the as‐processed samples in the top seeded melt growth process.This observation demonstrates there is freedom to use(RE)materials interchangeably between different

关键词： YbCO‐Ag gdbCO‐Ag SmbCO‐Ag EubCO‐Ag Composition bulk superconductor

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Evaluation of a Wireless Solar Powered Personal Weather Station

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第1期15卷 36-53页

作者： Robert J. Lascano Timothy S. goebel dennis C. gitz III John E. Stout Cropping Systems Research Laboratory Wind Erosion and Water Conservation Research Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX USA

We are evaluating dryland cotton production in Martin County, Texas, measuring cotton lint yield per unit of rainfall. Our goal is to collect rainfall data per 250 - 400 ha. Upon selection of a rainfall gauge, we realized that the cost of using, for example, a tipping bucket-type rain gauge would be too expensive and thus searched for an alternative method. We selected an all-in-one commercially available weather station;hereafter, referred to as a Personal Weather Station (PWS) that is both wireless and solar powered. Our objective was to evaluate average measurements of rainfall obtained with the PWS and to compare these to measurements obtained with an automatic weather station (AWS). For this purpose, we installed four PWS deployed within 20 m of the Plant Stress and Water Conservation Meteorological Tower that was used as our AWS, located at USDA-ARS Cropping Systems Research Laboratory, Lubbock, TX. In addition, we measured and compared hourly average values of short-wave irradiance (Rb>gb>), air temperature (Tb>airb>) and relative humidity (RH), and wind speed (WS), and calculated values of dewpoint temperature (Tb>dewb>). This comparison was done over a 242-day period (1 October 2022-31 May 2023) and results indicated that there was no statistical difference in measurements of rainfall between the PWS and AWS. Hourly average values of Rb>gb> measured with the PWS and AWS agreed on clear days, but PWS measurements were higher on cloudy days. There was no statistical difference between PWS and AWS hourly average measurements of Tb>airb>, RH, and calculated Tb>dewb>. Hourly average measurements of Rb>gb> and WS were more variable. We concluded that the PWS we selected will provide adequate values of rainfall and other weather variables to meet our goal of evaluating dryland cotton lint yield per unit rainfall.

关键词： Automation Sensors Citizen Weather Station Mesonet Rainfall Weather Variables

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Metabolic integration during the evolutionary origin of mitochondria

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Cell Research 2003年第4期13卷 229-238页

作者： dennis g SEARCY biology Department University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003-9297 USA

Although mitochondria provide eukaryotic cells with certain metabolic advantages, in other ways they may be disadvantageous. For example, mitochondria produce reactive oxygen species that damage both nucleocytoplasm and mitochondria, resulting in mutations, diseases, and aging. The relationship of mitochondria to the cytoplasm is best understood in the context of evolutionary history. Although it is clear that mitochondria evolved from symbiotic bacteria, the exact nature of the initial symbiosis is a matter of continuing debate. The exchange of nutrients between host and symbiont may have differed from that between the cytoplasm and mitochondria in modern cells. Speculations about the initial relationships include the following. (1) The pre-mitochondrion may have been an invasive, parasitic bacterium. The host did not benefit. (2) The relationship was a nutritional syntrophy based upon transfer of organic acids from host to symbiont. (3) The relationship was a syntrophy based upon H2 transfer from symb

关键词： mitochondria (origin) symbiosis sulfur rickettsia hydrogenosome.

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Principles to Support Modular Software Construction

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2017年第1期32卷 3-10页

作者： Jack b. dennis Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 U.S.A.

The construction of large software systems is always achieved through assembly of independently written components -- program modules. For these software components to work together, they must share a common set of data types and principles for representing structured data such as arrays of values and files. This common set of tools for creating and operating on data objects is provided by the infrastructure of the computer system： the hardware, operating system and runtime code. because the nature and properties of these tools are crucial for correct operation of software components and their inter-operation, it is essential to have a precise specification that may be used for verifying correctness of application software on one hand, and to verify correctness of system behavior on the other. We call such a specification a program execution model （PXM）. It is evident that the properties of the PXM implemented by a computer system can have serious impact on the ability of application programmers to practice modular software construction. This paper discusses the concept of program execution models and presents a set of principles that a PXM must satisfy to provide a sound basis for modular software construction. because parallel program execution on computer systems with many processing units is an essential part of contemporary computing environments, the expression of parallelism and modular software construction using components involving parallel operations is included in this treatment. The conclusion is that it is possible to build computer systems that implement a PXM within which any parallel program may be used, unmodified, as a component for building more substantial parallel programs.

关键词： program execution model data flow model codelet abstract architecture parallel computing

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Programmable endonuclease combined with isothermal polymerase amplification to selectively enrich for rare mutant allele fractions

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第8期33卷 4126-4132页

作者： Junman Chen Tian Qiu Michael g.Mauk Zheng Su Yaguang Fan dennis J.Yuan Qinghua Zhou Youlin Qiao Haim H.bau Jianming Ying Jinzhao Song Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics(Ministry of Education) College of Laboratory MedicineChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Zhejiang Cancer Hospital) Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer(IBMC)Chinese Academy of SciencesHangzhou 310022China Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States Department of Pathology National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100021China Center for global Health School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100730China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment Tianjin Lung Cancer InstituteTianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjin 300052China Sichuan Lung Cancer Institute Sichuan Lung Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Liquid biopsy is a highly promising method for non-invasive detection of tumor-associated nucleic acid fragments in body fluids but is challenged by the low abundance of nucleic acids of clinical interest and their sequence homology with the vast background of nucleic acids from healthy cells.Recently,programmable endonucleases such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)associated protein(Cas)and prokaryotic Argonautes have been successfully used to remove background nucleic acids and enrich mutant allele fractions,enabling their detection with deep next generation sequencing(NgS).However,the enrichment level achievable with these assays is limited by futile binding events and off-target cleavage.To overcome these shortcomings,we conceived a new assay(Programmable Enzyme-Assisted Selective Exponential Amplification,PASEA)that combines the cleavage of wild type alleles with concurrent polymerase amplification.While PASEA increases the numbers of both wild type and mutant alleles,the numbers of mutant alleles increase at much greater rates,allowing PASEA to achieve an unprecedented level of selective enrichment of targeted alleles.by combining CRISPR-Cas9 based cleavage with recombinase polymerase amplification,we converted samples with0.01%somatic mutant allele fractions(MAFs)to products with 70%MAFs in a single step within 20 min,enabling inexpensive,rapid genotyping with such as Sanger sequencers.Furthermore,PASEA's extraordinary efficiency facilitates sensitive real-time detection of somatic mutant alleles at the point of care with custom designed Exo-RPA probes.Real-time PASEA'performance was proved equivalent to clinical amplification refractory mutation system(ARMS)-PCR and NgS when testing over hundred cancer patients'samples.This strategy has the potential to reduce the cost and time of cancer screening and genotyping,and to enable targeted therapies in resource-limited settings.

关键词： Mutant allele enrichment Programmable endonuclease Liquid biopsy Mutation detection Point-of-care testing CRISPR-Cas9 Recombinase polymerase amplification Nucleic acid diagnostics

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Raman spectroscopy in crop quality assessment: focusing on sensing secondary metabolites: a review

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Horticulture Research 2023年第5期10卷 282-296页

作者： Miri Park Annette Somborn dennis Schlehuber Volkmar Keuter görge Deerberg Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental Safety and Energy Technologies UMSICHT46047OberhausenGermany

As a crop quality sensor,Raman spectroscopy has been consistently proposed as one of the most promising and non-destructive methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant substances,because it can measure molecular structures in a short time without requiring pretreatment along with simple usage.The sensitivity of the Raman spectrum to target chemicals depends largely on the wavelength,intensity of the laser power,and exposure time.Especially for plant samples,it is very likely that the peak of the target material is covered by strong fluorescence effects.Therefore,methods using lasers with low energy causing less fluorescence,such as 785 nm or near-infrared,are vigorously discussed.Furthermore,advanced techniques for obtaining more sensitive and clear spectra,like surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy,time-gated Raman spectroscopy or combination with thin-layer chromatography,are being investigated.Numerous interpretations of plant quality can be represented not only by the measurement conditions but also by the spectral analysis methods.Up to date,there have been attempted to optimize and generalize analysis methods.This review summarizes the state of the art of micro-Raman spectroscopy in crop quality assessment focusing on secondary metabolites,from in vitro to in vivo and even in situ,and suggests future research to achieve universal application.

关键词： spectroscopy qualitative likely

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Low-cost and efficient Mn/CeO_(2) catalyst for photocatalytic VOCs degradation via scalable colloidal solution combustion synthesis method

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2022年第21期116卷 169-179页

作者： Yingguang Zhang Muyan Wu Yifei Wang Xiaolong Zhao dennis Y.C.Leung Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen 518000China

Colloidal solution combustion synthesis(CSCS)is a simple and easy method for mass-production of crystalline nanomaterials with tunable pore structure.In this work,mesoporous Mn/CeO_(2) catalysts were fabricated via CSCS method coupled with a dip-coating process and used for photocatalytic oxidation(PCO)of toluene.Under vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)irradiation,a high toluene removal efficiency of about 92%was achieved with a toluene reaction rate of about 118μmol/g/h in a continuous flow reactor.A possible degradation pathway was proposed based on the analysis of intermediates by Fourier transform infrared photoluminescence spectra(FTIR)and gC-Mass.Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction(H_(2)-TPR),brunauer-Emmett-Teller(bET)surface areas,photoluminescence spectra(PL)spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)were carried out to analyze physical and chemical properties of the catalysts.Compared with Mn_(x)Ce_(1-x)O_(2) catalysts synthesized by one step CSCS method,Mn/CeO_(2) has a higher photocatalytic activity,which is attributed to the presence of higher contents of Ce^(3+),Mn^(2+)and Mn^(3+)species.The presence of higher contents of these species plays a key role in the activity enhancement of toluene oxidation and ozone decomposition.This method is facile,efficient and scalable,and it may become a promising industrial application technology for catalyst synthesis in the near future.

关键词： Mesoporous CeO_(2) Manganese modification Scalable synthesis Photocatalysis VOCs abatement

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