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作者： Katharina SCHRAMM Michele SKOPEC denise DEARING Department of.Biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA Department of.Zoology Weber State UniversityOgdenUtahUSA

Herbivory is common in mammals,yet our understanding of.detoxif.cation processes used by mammals to biotrans-f.rm plant secondary compounds(PSCs)is *** herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxif.ca-tion mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransf.rmation reactions to process high levels of.PSCs in their *** explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of.two spe-cialist herbivores(genus Neotoma).Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper(Juniperus monosperma).Neotoma lepida is a generalist f.rager across its range,yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper(***).While both juniper species have high levels of.terpenes,the terpene prof.les and quantities dif.er between the *** f.om both woodrat species were f.d diets of.each juniper in a cross-over ***,collected over a 24-h period,was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/*** obligate specialist *** excreted a unique pattern of.Phase I metabolites when f.d its native juniper,while *** excreted a unique pattern of.Phase II metabolites when f.d its native *** woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of.glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse ***,and *** utilized less glucuronida-tion than *** when consuming *** results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and ef.icient biotransf.rmation mechanisms f.r dealing with PSCs in their diet.

关键词： dietary specialization herbivory juniper metabolomics Neotoma

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Six-Writings multimodal processing with pictophonetic coding to enhance Chinese language models

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f.ontiers of.Inf.rmation Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 84-105页

作者： Li WEIGANG Mayara Chew MARINHO denise Leyi LI Vitor Vasconcelos DE OLIVEIRA Department of.Computer Science University of BrasiliaBrasilia 70910-900Brazil f.culty of.Economics AdministrationAccounting and ActuariesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-010Brazil

While large language models(LLMs)have made signif.cant strides in natural language processing(NLP),they continue to f.ce challenges in adequately addressing the intricacies of.the Chinese language in certain *** propose a f.amework called Six-Writings multimodal processing(SWMP)to enable direct integration of.Chinese NLP(CNLP)with morphological and semantic *** f.rst part of.SWMP,known as Six-Writings pictophonetic coding(SWPC),is introduced with a suitable level of.granularity f.r radicals and components,enabling ef.ective representation of.Chinese characters and *** conduct several experimental scenarios,including the f.llowing:(1)We establish an experimental database consisting of.images and SWPC f.r Chinese characters,enabling dual-mode processing and matrix generation f.r CNLP.(2)We characterize various generative modes of.Chinese words,such as thousands of.Chinese idioms,used as question-and-answer(Q&A)prompt f.nctions,f.cilitating analogies by *** experiments achieve 100%accuracy in answering all questions in the Chinese morphological data set(CA8-Mor-10177).(3)A f.ne-tuning mechanism is proposed to ref.ne word embedding results using SWPC,resulting in an average relative error of.25%f.r 39.37%of.the questions in the Chinese wOrd Similarity data set(COS960).The results demonstrate that SWMP/SWPC methods ef.ectively capture the distinctive f.atures of.Chinese and of.er a promising mechanism to enhance CNLP with better ef.iciency.

关键词： Chinese language model Chinese natural language processing(CNLP) Generative language model Multimodal processing Six-Writings

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Technology-Assisted Reading Instruction f.r English Language Learners:A Methodological Review

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ECNU Review of.Education 2024年第2期7卷 258-282页

作者：左心阅 denise Ives Department of.Teacher Education and Curriculum Studies College of Education813 N Pleasant StAmherstMA01003USA

Purpose:By methodologically reviewing the literature on Technology-Assisted Reading Instruction(TARI)f.r English Language Learners(ELLs)in K-12 settings,this study aims to advance the knowledge of.TARI research and guide f.ture research ***/Approach/Methods:This study examines 32 peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2000 and *** article was analyzed f.r research objectives,reading skills,learner demographics and contexts,theoretical f.ameworks,research designs,and ***:A review of.the literature reveals a strong f.cus on evaluating the ef.icacy of.TARI through summative assessments,but limited attention to learners'literacy practices and interactive engagement in digital ***,there is a marked lack of.alternative approaches to assessing the ef.ectiveness of.technology in promoting ELLs'reading progression and a continued emphasis on developing traditional literacy over multimodal *** can enhance reading motivation,f.ster collaborative learning,provide scaf.olding,improve reading perf.rmance,andexpand semiotic ***/Value:As one of.the f.rst comprehensive methodological reviews of.TARl,this study elucidates ELL reading education in the era of.*** have implications f.r technology-mediated education,which expanded rapidly during the COVID-19 pandemic.

关键词： educational technology English language learners multiliteracy reading technology-assisted reading instruction

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Ef.ects of.positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure,cerebral perf.sion pressure,and brain oxygenation in acute brain injury:f.iend or f.e?A scoping review

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Journal of.Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 247-260页

作者： Greta Zunino denise Battaglini Daniel Agustin Godoy IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino GenovaItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Diagnostiche e Chirurgiche Integrate Universitàdegli Studi di GenovaGenovaItaly Neurointensive Care Unit Sanatorio PasteurCatamarcaArgentina

Background Patients with acute brain injury(ABI)are a peculiar population because ABI does not only af.ect the brain but also other organs such as the lungs,as theorized in brain–lung crosstalk *** patients of.en require mechanical ventilation(MV)to avoid the complications of.impaired respiratory f.nction that can f.llow ABI;MV should be settled with meticulousness owing to its ef.ects on the intracranial compartment,especially regarding positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP).This scoping review aimed to(1)describe the physiological basis and mechanisms related to the ef.ects of.PEEP in ABI;(2)examine how clinical research is conducted on this topic;(3)identif. methods f.r setting PEEP in ABI;and(4)investigate the impact of.the application of.PEEP in ABI on the *** The f.ve-stage paradigm devised by Peters et *** expanded by Arksey and O'Malley,Levac et al.,and the Joanna Briggs Institute was used f.r *** also adhered to the Pref.rred Reporting Items f.r Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)extension *** criteria:we compiled all scientif.c data f.om peer-reviewed journals and studies that discussed the application of.PEEP and its impact on intracranial pressure,cerebral perf.sion pressure,and brain oxygenation in adult patients with *** criteria:studies that only examined a pediatric patient group(those under the age of.18),experiments conducted solely on animals;studies without intracranial pressure and/or cerebral perf.sion pressure determinations,and studies with incomplete *** authors searched and screened f.r inclusion in papers published up to July 2023 using the PubMed-indexed online *** were presented in narrative and tubular *** The initial search yielded 330 ref.rences on the application of.PEEP in ABI,of.which 36 met our inclusion *** has recognized benef.cial ef.ects on gas exchange,but it produces hemodynamic changes that should be predicted to avoi

关键词： Acute brain injury Mechanical ventilation Positive end-expiratory pressure Intracranial pressure Brain-lung crosstalk Multimodal monitoring

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Resource manual f.r Nursing research

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2012年

作者： Polit denise f.

Accompanying CD-ROM is a Toolkit, consisting of.Word f.les f.r templates, f.rms, protocols, etc.

ISBN: (纸本)9781605477824

Accompanying CD-ROM is a Toolkit, consisting of.Word f.les f.r templates, f.rms, protocols, etc.

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Two-Stream Approximation to the Radiative Transf.r Equation:A New Improvement and Comparative Accuracy with Existing Methods

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 278-292页

作者： f.Momo TEMGOUA L.Akana NGUIMDO DNJOMO Environmental Energy Technologies Laboratory(EETL) Faculty of SciencesUniversity of YaoundéPO Box 812 YaoundéCameroon Department of.Electrical and Electronic Engineering Faculty of Engineering and TechnologyUniversity of BueaPO Box 63 BueaCameroon

Mathematical modeling of.the interaction between solar radiation and the Earth's atmosphere is f.rmalized by the radiative transf.r equation(RTE), whose resolution calls f.r two-stream approximations among other methods. This paper proposes a new two-stream approximation of.the RTE with the development of.the phase f.nction and the intensity into a third-order series of.Legendre polynomials. This new approach, which adds one more term in the expression of.the intensity and the phase f.nction, allows in the conditions of.a plane parallel atmosphere a new mathematical f.rmulation of.γparameters. It is then compared to the Eddington, Hemispheric Constant, Quadrature, Combined Delta f.nction and Modif.ed Eddington, and second-order approximation methods with ref.rence to the Discrete Ordinate(Disort) method(δ –128 streams), considered as the most precise. This work also determines the conversion f.nction of.the proposed New Method using the f.ndamental def.nition of.two-stream approximation(f.TSA) developed in a previous work. Notably,New Method has generally better precision compared to the second-order approximation and Hemispheric Constant methods. Compared to the Quadrature and Eddington methods, New Method shows very good precision f.r wide domains of.the zenith angle μ 0, but tends to deviate f.om the Disort method with the zenith angle, especially f.r high values of.optical thickness. In spite of.this divergence in ref.ectance f.r high values of.optical thickness, very strong correlation with the Disort method(R ≈ 1) was obtained f.r most cases of.optical thickness in this study. An analysis of.the Legendre polynomial series f.r simple f.nctions shows that the high precision is due to the f.ct that the approximated f.nctions ameliorate the accuracy when the order of.approximation increases, although it has been proven that there is a limit order depending on the f.nction f.om which the precision is lost. This observation indicates that increasing the order of.app

关键词： Radiative Transf.r Equation two-stream method Legendre polynomial optical thickness moments of.specif.c intensity conversion f.nction transmittance ref.ectance

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Clinical studies in COVID-related olf.ctory disorders:Review of.an institutional experience

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World Journal of.Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2024年第2期10卷 129-136页

作者： Theresa Tharakan Dorina Kallogjeri Jay f.Piccirillo Department of.Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Outcomes Research OfficeSchool of MedicineWashington University in St LouisSt LouisMissouriUSA

Objective:To share a single institutional experience with clinical research on COVID-related olf.ctory dysf.nction(OD).Data Source/Method:Narrative review of.published original data and ongoing clinical trials on COVID-related OD at Washington University f.om 2020 to ***:There were three new diagnostic-/patient-reported outcome measures developed and *** report f.ve clinical trials of.interventions f.r COVID-related olf.ctory disorders:combined Visual-Olf.ctory Training(VOLT)with patient-pref.rred scents versus standard olf.ctory training(VOLT trial),oral gabapentin versus placebo(Gabapentin f.r the Relief.of.Acquired Chemosensory Experience trial),nasal theophylline irrigations versus placebo(Smell Changes and Ef.icacy of.Nasal Theophylline trial),stellate ganglion block(single-arm),and mindf.lness-based stress reduction(MBSR)versus lif.style intervention(MBSR trial).Conclusions:Initial intervention trials f.r COVID-related OD have shown potential f.r improving subjective and objective olf.ctory ***,there remains no gold standard treatment that def.nitively outperf.rms placebo in controlled ***,continued investigation of.novel therapeutic strategies f.r COVID-related OD is necessary to maximize olf.ctory outcomes f.r af.ected patients.

关键词： chemosensory disorders COVID olf.ctory dysf.nction

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