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Metabolomic evidence of independent biotransformation pathways for terpenes in two specialist mammalian herbivores (genus Neotoma)

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 143-155页

作者： Katharina SCHRAMM Michele SKOPEC denise dearing Department of Biology University of UtahSalt Lake CityUtahUSA Department of Zoology Weber State UniversityOgdenUtahUSA

Herbivory is common in mammals,yet our understanding of detoxification processes used by mammals to biotrans-form plant secondary compounds(PSCs)is limited.Specialist herbivores are thought to have evolved detoxifica-tion mechanisms that rely more heavily on energetically cheap Phase I biotransformation reactions to process high levels of PSCs in their diets.We explored this hypothesis by comparing the urinary metabolite patterns of two spe-cialist herbivores(genus Neotoma).Neotoma stephensi is an obligate specialist on one-seeded juniper(Juniperus monosperma).Neotoma lepida is a generalist forager across its range,yet populations in the Great Basin specialize on Utah juniper(J.osteosperma).While both juniper species have high levels of terpenes,the terpene profiles and quantities differ between the two.Individuals from both woodrat species were fed diets of each juniper in a cross-over design.Urine,collected over a 24-h period,was extracted and analyzed in an untargeted metabolomics approach using both GC-MS and HPLC-MS/MS.The obligate specialist N.stephensi excreted a unique pattern of Phase I metabolites when fed its native juniper,while N.lepida excreted a unique pattern of Phase II metabolites when fed its native juniper.Both woodrat species utilized the Phase II metabolic pathway of glucuronidation more heavily when consuming the more chemically diverse J.osteosperma,and N.stephensi utilized less glucuronida-tion than N.lepida when consuming J.monosperma.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that obligate specialists may have evolved unique and efficient biotransformation mechanisms for dealing with PSCs in their diet.

关键词： dietary specialization herbivory juniper metabolomics Neotoma

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Effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on intracranial pressure,cerebral perfusion pressure,and brain oxygenation in acute brain injury:Friend or foe?A scoping review

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Journal of Intensive Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 247-260页

作者： Greta Zunino denise Battaglini Daniel Agustin Godoy IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino GenovaItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Diagnostiche e Chirurgiche Integrate Universitàdegli Studi di GenovaGenovaItaly Neurointensive Care Unit Sanatorio PasteurCatamarcaArgentina

Background Patients with acute brain injury(ABI)are a peculiar population because ABI does not only affect the brain but also other organs such as the lungs,as theorized in brain–lung crosstalk models.ABI patients often require mechanical ventilation(MV)to avoid the complications of impaired respiratory function that can follow ABI;MV should be settled with meticulousness owing to its effects on the intracranial compartment,especially regarding positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP).This scoping review aimed to(1)describe the physiological basis and mechanisms related to the effects of PEEP in ABI;(2)examine how clinical research is conducted on this topic;(3)identify methods for setting PEEP in ABI;and(4)investigate the impact of the application of PEEP in ABI on the outcome.Methods The five-stage paradigm devised by Peters et al.and expanded by Arksey and O'Malley,Levac et al.,and the Joanna Briggs Institute was used for methodology.We also adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA)extension criteria.Inclusion criteria:we compiled all scientific data from peer-reviewed journals and studies that discussed the application of PEEP and its impact on intracranial pressure,cerebral perfusion pressure,and brain oxygenation in adult patients with ABI.Exclusion criteria:studies that only examined a pediatric patient group(those under the age of 18),experiments conducted solely on animals;studies without intracranial pressure and/or cerebral perfusion pressure determinations,and studies with incomplete information.Two authors searched and screened for inclusion in papers published up to July 2023 using the PubMed-indexed online database.Data were presented in narrative and tubular form.Results The initial search yielded 330 references on the application of PEEP in ABI,of which 36 met our inclusion criteria.PEEP has recognized beneficial effects on gas exchange,but it produces hemodynamic changes that should be predicted to avoid undesired consequences on cerebral blood flow

关键词： Acute brain injury Mechanical ventilation Positive end-expiratory pressure Intracranial pressure Brain-lung crosstalk Multimodal monitoring

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Six-Writings multimodal processing with pictophonetic coding to enhance Chinese language models

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第1期25卷 84-105页

作者： Li WEIGANG Mayara Chew MARINHO denise Leyi LI Vitor Vasconcelos DE OLIVEIRA Department of Computer Science University of BrasiliaBrasilia 70910-900Brazil Faculty of Economics AdministrationAccounting and ActuariesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-010Brazil

While large language models(LLMs)have made significant strides in natural language processing(NLP),they continue to face challenges in adequately addressing the intricacies of the Chinese language in certain scenarios.We propose a framework called Six-Writings multimodal processing(SWMP)to enable direct integration of Chinese NLP(CNLP)with morphological and semantic elements.The first part of SWMP,known as Six-Writings pictophonetic coding(SWPC),is introduced with a suitable level of granularity for radicals and components,enabling effective representation of Chinese characters and words.We conduct several experimental scenarios,including the following:(1)We establish an experimental database consisting of images and SWPC for Chinese characters,enabling dual-mode processing and matrix generation for CNLP.(2)We characterize various generative modes of Chinese words,such as thousands of Chinese idioms,used as question-and-answer(Q&A)prompt functions,facilitating analogies by SWPC.The experiments achieve 100%accuracy in answering all questions in the Chinese morphological data set(CA8-Mor-10177).(3)A fine-tuning mechanism is proposed to refine word embedding results using SWPC,resulting in an average relative error of≤25%for 39.37%of the questions in the Chinese wOrd Similarity data set(COS960).The results demonstrate that SWMP/SWPC methods effectively capture the distinctive features of Chinese and offer a promising mechanism to enhance CNLP with better efficiency.

关键词： Chinese language model Chinese natural language processing(CNLP) Generative language model Multimodal processing Six-Writings

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Performance Parameters:Demobilization Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria(ARB)and Carrying Genes(ARG)in Wastewater Disinfection

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2024年第1期13卷 1-8页

作者： Solange Kazue Utimura denise Crocce Romano Espinosa Marcio Luís Busi da Silva Elisabete de Santis Braga Pedro Jose Alvarez Department of Chemical Engineering USPR.do LagoSão Paulo 25005508-080Brazil Department of Physical Chemical and Geological OceanographyUSPPraça do Oceanográfico 191SPBrazil Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Rice University6100 Main St.HoustonTexas 77005USA

The UV irradiation is used for removing Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria(ARB)and Antibiotic Resistance Genes(ARG)from wastewater treatment.Bacteriophages are viruses that infect within bacteria,are recognized for bacterial control.The influence of some parameters in quantification and performance influencing of pathogen demobilization could be considered in disinfection of wastewater.The comparison of Polyvalent phage(NE1)versus Coliphage(NE4)in suppressing a bacterium Escherichia coli(NDM-1:b-lactam-resistant)with UV irradiation was observed the efficacy in reduction of cells in the disinfection and parameter process.The results with the effect of UV-C irradiation on NDM-1 infected with 1%of NE4 showed a decrease of cells from 8×10^(6)to 2×10^(5)in 60 min with UV-C dose.The NDM1(E.coli)was infected with 1%of NE4(Polyvalent Phage)under magnetic stirring for 1 h,the cells count was 8×10^(6).After 1 h in UV-C e×posure,the cells number reached 3×10^(5).The NDM1 that was e×posed in 1 h of UV-C irradiation and then was infected with 1%of NE4.Cells counting were done 24 h after this procedure.These cells were e×posed in UV-C and showed a reduction in the number of cells from 1×10^(8)to 4×10^(5)after 60 min.The results indicate that bacteriophages can mitigate bacteria species,and combined the conventional water disinfection technologies that can support the microbial safety control strategies.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria(ARB) Antibiotic Resistance Genes(ARG) wastewater treatment disinfection Escherichia coli(E.coli).

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The role of lysosomes in alpha-synucleinopathies: a focus on glial cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第7期17卷 1486-1488页

作者： denise Balta Friederike Zunke Department of Molecular Neurology University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergErlangenGermany

Lysosomes are the major degradative compartments within eukaryotic cells.Besides their role in the degradation and recycling of intra-and extracellular molecules,they further mediate important biological processes,suc... 详细信息

关键词： homeostasis recycling degradation

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Fibroblast growth factor 21 in dairy cows:current knowledge and potential relevance

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 303-315页

作者： Klaus Eder denise K.Gessner Robert Ringseis Institute of Animal Nutrition and Nutrition Physiology Justus-Liebig-University GiessenHeinrich-Buff-Ring 26-3235392 GiessenGermany

Fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21)has been identified as an important regulator of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism,which plays an important role for metabolic regulation,particularly under conditions of energy deprivation or stress conditions.Dairy cows are subjected to a negative energy balance and various kinds of stress particularly during the periparturient phase and during early lactation.It has been shown that the plasma concentration of FGF21 in dairy cows is dramatically increased at parturition and remains high during the first weeks of lactation.This finding suggests that FGF21 might exert similar functions in dairy cows than in other species,such as mice or humans.However,the role of FGF21 in dairy cows has been less investigated so far.Following a brief summary of the previous findings about the function of FGF21 in humans and mice,the present review aims to present the current state of knowledge about the role of FGF21 in dairy cows.The first part of the review deals with the tissue localization of FGF21 and with conditions leading to an upregulation of FGF21 expression in the liver of dairy cows.In the second part,the influence of nutrition on FGF21 expression and the role of FGF21 for metabolic diseases in dairy cows is addressed.In the third part,findings of exogenous FGF21 application on metabolism in dairy cows are reported.Finally,the potential relevance of FGF21 in dairy cows is discussed.It is concluded that FGF21 might be of great importance for metabolic adaptation to negative energy balance and stress conditions in dairy cows.However,further studies are needed for a better understanding of the functions of FGF21 in dairy cows.

关键词： Dairy cow Energy deprivation Fibroblast growth factor 21 Metabolic adaptation Stress

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Ovarian cancer resistance to PARPi and platinumcontaining chemotherapy

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2022年第3期5卷 637-646页

作者： Rebekah Summey denise Uyar Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Division Gynecologic OncologyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWI 53226USA

Epithelial ovarian cancer remains the most lethal female malignancy despite options for systemic therapy and the emergence of targeted therapies.Although initial response to therapy is observed,recurrence and ultimately chemoresistance result in overall therapeutic failure.This pattern has been evident with platinum therapy since the 1980s.Significant excitement surrounded the approval of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibition(PARPi)as a novel therapeutic option,especially with the advent of personalized medicine,but resistance has similarly developed to these treatments.Novel agents are constantly being sought,but if the obstacle of chemoresistance remains,the durability of responses will remain tenuous.Unraveling the multifactorial mechanisms of platinum and PARPi resistance is increasingly important as a therapeutic failure with current strategies is almost assured.Focusing greater efforts on expanding the current understanding of the complex nature of platinum and PARPi chemoresistance has tremendous potential to improve clinical outcomes.

关键词： Epithelial ovarian cancer chemoresistance platinum resistance poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor resistance tumor microenvironment

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Diagnosis,treatment and complications of radial head and neck fractures in the pediatric patient

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第3期13卷 238-249页

作者： Arno A Macken denise Eygendaal Christiaan JA van Bergen Department of Orthopedic Surgery Amphia HospitalBreda 4818 CKNoord-BrabantNetherlands Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports medicine Erasmus Medical CentreRotterdam 3015 GDSouth-HollandNetherlands

Radial head and neck fractures represent up to 14%of all pediatric elbow fractures and can be a difficult challenge in the pediatric patient.In up to 39%of proximal radius fractures,there is a concomitant fracture,which can easily be overlooked on the initial standard radiographs.The treatment options for proximal radius fractures in children range from non-surgical treatment,such as immobilization alone and closed reduction followed by immobilization,to more invasive options,including closed reduction with percutaneous pinning and open reduction with internal fixation.The choice of treatment depends on the degree of angulation and displacement of the fracture and the age of the patient;an angulation of less than 30 degrees and translation of less than 50%is generally accepted,whereas a higher degree of displacement is considered an indication for surgical intervention.Fractures with limited displacement and non-surgical treatment generally result in superior outcomes in terms of patient-reported outcome measures,range of motion and complications compared to severely displaced fractures requiring surgical intervention.With proper management,good to excellent results are achieved in most cases,and long-term sequelae are rare.However,severe complications do occur,including radio-ulnar synostosis,osteonecrosis,rotational impairment,and premature physeal closure with a malformation of the radial head as a result,especially after more invasive procedures.Adequate follow-up is therefore warranted.

关键词： Radial head Proximal radius Fracture Pediatrics Closed fracture reduction Open reduction fracture Fracture fixation Synostosis Osteonecrosis

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Long-term efficacy of a computer-tailored physical activity intervention for prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors:A randomized controlled trial

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运动与健康科学(英文) 2023年第6期12卷 690-704,F0003页

作者： Rianne Henrica Johanna Golsteijn Catherine Bolman denise Astrid Peels Esmee Volders Hein de Vries Lilian Lechner Department of Psychology Open University of the NetherlandsHeerlen6401 DLthe Netherlands Department of Health Promotion Maastricht UniversityMaastricht6200 MDthe Netherlands

Background Physical activity(PA)can improve the physical and psychological health of prostate and colorectal cancer survivors,but PA behavior change maintenance is necessary for long-term health benefits.OncoActive is a print-and web-based intervention in which prostate and colorectal cancer patients and survivors receive automatically generated,personalized feedback aimed at integrating PA into daily life to increase and maintain PA.We evaluated the long-term outcomes of OncoActive by examining the 12-month follow-up differences between OncoActive and a control group,and we explored whether PA was maintained during a 6-month non-intervention follow-up period.Methods Prostate or colorectal cancer patients were randomly assigned to an OncoActive(n=249)or a usual care waitlist control group(n=229).OncoActive participants received PA advice and a pedometer.PA outcomes(i.e.,ActiGraph and self-report moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA(MVPA)min/week and days with≥30 min PA)and health-related outcomes(i.e.,fatigue,depression,physical functioning)were assessed at baseline,6 months,and 12 months.Differences between groups and changes over time were assessed with multilevel linear regressions for the primary outcome(ActiGraph MVPA min/week)and all additional outcomes.Results At 12 months,OncoActive participants did not perform better than control group participants at ActiGraph MVPA min/week,self-report MVPA min/week,or ActiGraph days with PA.Only self-report days with PA were significantly higher in OncoActive compared to the control group.For health-related outcomes only long-term fatigue was significantly lower in OncoActive.When exploratively examining PA within OncoActive,the previously found PA effects at the end of the intervention(6 months follow-up)were maintained at 12 months.Furthermore,all PA outcomes improved significantly from baseline to 12 months.The control group showed small but non-significant improvements from 6 months to 12 months(and from baseline to 12 months),resulting in a decline of differences bet

关键词： Behavior change maintenance Cancer survivorship Computer tailoring eHealth Physical activityTagedAPTARAEnd

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Changes in physical activity,sedentary behavior,and self-reported cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic:A cross-sectional study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第6期12卷 653-663页

作者： Linda Trinh Allyson Tabaczynski denise Bastas Alyssa R.Neville M.Lauren Voss Alexis Whitehorn Faculty of Kinesiology&Physical Education University of TorontoTorontoOT M5S 2W6Canada

Background Physical activity(PA)and reductions in sedentary behavior(SED)may mitigate cancer-related cognitive impairment.The purpose of this study was to examine(a)the associations between changes in PA,SED,and cognitive function in cancer survivors before and during the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic;and(b)clinical subgroups that moderate this association.Methods A cross-sectional survey was administered online to adult cancer survivors globally between July and November of 2020.This was a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey examining changes in self-reported PA and quality of life in cancer survivors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.Self-reported Questionnaires assessed moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)using the modified Godin Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire,cognitive function using the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cognitive Function(FACT-Cog)scale,and SED using the Domain-specific Sitting Time questionnaire.Cancer survivors were classified into no change in behavior,desirable change(i.e.,increase MVPA to meet PA guidelines or decrease SED by≥60 min/day),and undesirable change(i.e.,decrease MVPA to<150 min/week or increase SED by≥60 min/day).Analysis of covariance examined differences in FACT-Cog scores across the activity change categories.Planned contrasts compared differences in FACT-Cog scores between cancer survivors with(a)no meaningful change vs.any change,and(b)a desirable change vs.an undesirable change.Results There were no significant differences in FACT-Cog scores across activity-change categories in the full sample of cancer survivors(n=371;age=48.6±15.3 years(mean±SD)).However,cancer survivors who were diagnosed≥5 years ago(t(160)=–2.15,p=0.03)or who received treatment≥5 years ago(t(102)=–2.23,p=0.03)and who had a desirable change in activity reported better perceived cognitive abilities than those who had an undesirable change.Conclusion PA promotion efforts should consider reducing SED in addition to maintaining MVPA in long-term cancer survivors to miti

关键词： Cancer-related cognitive impairment Cancer survivorship Exercise Sedentary time

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