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Contributions of moisture sources to precipitation in the major drainage basins in the Tibetan Plateau

Science China Earth Sciences 2022年第6期65卷 1088-1103页

作者： Ying LI Fengge SU Qiuhong TANG Hongkai GAO denghua yan Hui PENG Shangbin XIAO Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region Yichang 443002China College of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Resources and Environment(TPESRE)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Beijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Process Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science(Ministry of Education of China) East China Normal UniversityShanghai 200241China State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin Water Resources DepartmentChina Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China

Tracking and quantifying the moisture sources of precipitation in different drainage basins in the Tibetan Plateau(TP)help to reveal basin-scale hydrological cycle characteristics under the interactions between the westerlies and Indian summer monsoon(ISM) systems and to improve our understanding on the mechanisms of water resource changes in the ‘Asian Water Tower' under climate changes. Based on a Eulerian moisture tracking model(WAM-2) and three atmospheric reanalysis products(ERA-I, MERRA-2, and JRA-55), the contributions of moisture sources to the precipitation in six major sub-basins in the TP were tracked during an approximately 35-year period(1979/1980–2015). The results showed that in the upper Indus(UI),upper Tarim River(UT), and Qaidam Basin(QB), the moisture sources mainly extended westward along the mid-latitude westerlies to the western part of the Eurasian continent. In contrast, in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin(YB), inner TP(ITP), and the source area of three eastern rivers(TER, including the Nujiang River, Lancang River, and yangtze River), the moisture sources extended both westward and southward, but mainly southward along the ISM. In winter and spring, all of the sub-basins were dominated by western moisture sources. In summer, the western sources migrated northward with the zonal movement of the westerlies, and simultaneously the southern sources of the YB, ITP, and TER expanded largely toward the Indian Ocean along the ISM. In autumn, the moisture sources of the UI, UT, and QB shrank to the western sources, and the moisture sources of the YB, ITP, and TER shrank to the central-southern TP and the Indian subcontinent. By quantifying the moisture contributions from multiple sources, we found that the terrestrial moisture dominated in all of the sub-basins, particularly in the UT and QB(62–73%). The oceanic contributions were relatively high in the UI(38–42%) and YB(38–41%). In winter, evaporation from the large western water bodies(such as the Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Persian Gulf) was sig

关键词： Tibetan Plateau Precipitation Moisture sources Westerlies Indian summer monsoon Local recycling

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Amplification of Flood Risks by the Compound Effects of Precipitation and Storm Tides Under the Nonstationary Scenario in the Coastal City of Haikou,China

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2022年第4期13卷 602-620页

作者： Hongshi Xu Xi Zhang Xinjian Guan Tianye Wang Chao Ma denghua yan Yellow River Laboratory Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China Institute of Hydropower and Hydroinformatics Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300350China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038China

In the context of climate change,coastal cities are at increased risk of extreme precipitation and sea level rise,and their interaction will aggravate coastal floods.Understanding the potential change of compound floods is valuable for flood risk reduction.In this study,an integrated approach coupling the hydrological model and copulabased design of precipitation and storm tides was proposed to assess the compound flood risk in a coastal city—Haikou,China.The copula model,most-likely weight function,and varying parameter distribution were used to obtain the combined design values of precipitation and storm tides under the nonstationary scenario,which were applied to the boundary conditions of the 1D-2D hydrological model.Subsequently,the change of the bivariate return periods,design values,and compound flood risks of precipitation and storm tides were investigated.The results show that the bivariate return period of precipitation and storm tides was reduced by an average of 34%under the nonstationary scenario.The maximum inundation areas and volumes were increased by an average of 31.1%and 45.9%respectively in comparison with the stationary scenario.Furthermore,we identified that the compound effects of precipitation and storm tides would have a greater influence on the flood risk when the bivariate return period is more than 50 years,and the peak time lag had a significant influence on the compound flood risk.The proposed framework is effective in the evaluation and prediction of flood risk in coastal cities,and the results provide some guidance for urban disaster prevention and mitigation.

关键词： Copula function Flood risk Haikou City Nonstationary scenario Urban hydrological model

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Evolution of drought and flood events on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and key issues for response

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第11期66卷 2514-2529页

作者： Jie LU Shu XU Tianling QIN Xin HE denghua yan Cheng ZHANG Sintayehu A.ABEBE State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchBeijing 100038China Yinshanbeilu National Field Research Station of Steppe Eco-hydrological System China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower ResearchHohhot 010020China Hydraulic and Water Resources Engineering Department Debre Markos University Institute of TechnologyDebre Markos 999047Ethiopia

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is a climate-sensitive region.The characteristics of drought and flood events in this region are significantly different as compared to other areas in the country,which could potentially induce a series of water security,ecological and environmental problems.It is urgent that innovative theories and methods for estimation of drought and flood disasters as well as their adaptive regulations are required.Based on extensive literature review,this paper identifies new situations of the evolution of drought and flood events on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and analyzes the research progress in terms of monitoring and simulation,forecasting and early warning,risk prevention and emergency response.The study found that there were problems such as insufficient integration of multi-source data,low accuracy of forecasting and early warning,unclear driving mechanisms of drought and flood disaster chains,and lack of targeted risk prevention and regulation measures.On this basis,future research priorities are proposed,and the possible research and development paths are elaborated,including the evolution law of drought and flood on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,the coincidence characteristics of drought and flood from the perspective of a water resources system,prediction and early warning of drought and flood coupled with numerical simulation and knowledge mining,identification of risk blocking points of drought and flood disaster chain and the adaptive regulations.Hopefully,the paper will provide technical support for preventing flood and drought disasters,water resources protection,ecological restoration and climate change adaptation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Drought and flood evolution Monitoring and simulation Prediction and early warning Risk prevention and emergency response Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

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What control the spatial patterns and predictions of runoff response over the contiguous USA?

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2024年第7期34卷 1297-1322页

作者： JIANG Shanhu DU Shuping REN Liliang GONG Xinglong yan denghua YUAN Shanshui LIU Yi yanG Xiaoli XU Chongyu The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Hohai University College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University School of Water Conservancy&Civil Engineering Northeast Agricultural University Department of Water Resources China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Department of Geosciences University of Oslo

Understanding the nonlinear relationship between hydrological response and key factors and the cause behind this relationship is vital for water resource management and earth system model. In this study, we undertook several steps to explore the relationship. Initially, we partitioned runoff response change(RRC) into multiple components associated with climate and catchment properties, and examined the spatial patterns and smoothness indicated by the Moran's Index of RRC across the contiguous United States(CONUS). Subsequently, we employed a machine learning model to predict RRC using catchment attribute predictors encompassing climate, topography, hydrology, soil, land use/cover, and geology. Additionally, we identified the primary factors influencing RRC and quantified how these key factors control RRC by employing the accumulated local effect, which allows for the representation of not only dominant but also secondary effects. Finally, we explored the relationship between ecoregion patterns, climate gradients, and the distribution of RRC across CONUS. Our findings indicate that:(1) RRC demonstrating significant connections between catchments tends to be well predicted by catchment attributes in space;(2) climate, hydrology, and topography emerge as the top three key attributes nonlinearly influencing the RRC patterns, with their second-order effects determining the heterogeneous patterns of RRC; and(3) local Moran's I signifies a collaborative relationship between the patterns of RRC and their spatial smoothness, climate space, and ecoregions.

关键词： hydrological response prediction machine learning accumulated local effect Moran’s Index large-sample study

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基于水循环全过程的旱涝级联效应研究框架

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水资源保护 2024年第1期40卷 60-70页

作者：郑帅翁白莎严登华任立良王浩中国水利水电科学研究院流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室北京100038 河海大学水文水资源学院江苏南京210098

气候变化与人类活动影响加剧背景下,亟须实现旱涝灾害风险精准防控。从孕育机理、传播机制、事件评价、风险评估、影响效应等方面回顾了旱涝事件研究现状,明晰了当前在旱涝事件演变机理和评价指标构建方面存在的不足。从水循环全过程视... 详细信息

气候变化与人类活动影响加剧背景下,亟须实现旱涝灾害风险精准防控。从孕育机理、传播机制、事件评价、风险评估、影响效应等方面回顾了旱涝事件研究现状,明晰了当前在旱涝事件演变机理和评价指标构建方面存在的不足。从水循环全过程视角,分析了干旱和洪涝事件在坡面、河道、流域和区域4个尺度与水量和效应2个层面的本质内涵、影响效应及评价方式。基于地表-土壤-地下、坡面-河道、支流-干流及水网工程间的水力联系,分别从水量和效应层面分析了不同空间尺度上干旱和洪涝的内在联系,明确了干旱、洪涝及旱涝级联过程本质上受流域调蓄作用的影响。从旱涝级联效应的内涵、类型、表现形式和关键技术等方面,提出了旱涝级联效应的研究框架。未来应从流域调蓄作用的视角量化不同空间尺度各要素调蓄能力变化,分层调蓄防范化解旱涝风险。

关键词：干旱洪涝水循环旱涝级联级联效应

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Changes of wetland landscape patterns in Dadu River catchment from 1985 to 2000, China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2012年第3期6卷 237-249页

作者： Laibin HUANG Junhong BAI denghua yan Bin CHEN Rong XIAO Haifeng GAO State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100044 China

Based on the interpretation and vector processing of remote sensing images in 1985 and 2000, the spatial changes of wetland landscape patterns in Dadu River catchment in the last two decades were studied using spatial analysis method. Supported by Apack soft-ware, the indices of wetland landscape pattern were calculated, and the information entropy （IE） was also introduced to show the changes of wetland landscape information. Results showed that wetland landscape in this region was characteristic of patch-corridor-matrix configuration and dominantly consisted of natural wetlands. Landscape patterns changed a little with low fragment and showed concentrated distribution with partial scattered distribution during the period from 1985 to 2000. The values of patch density and convergence index kept stable, and the values of diversity, evenness indices decrease, while dominance and and IE showed a slight fractal dimension indices were increased. All types of wetland landscapes had higher adjacency probabilities with grassland landscape in 1985 and 2000, and there was extremely weak hydrological link and large spatial gap among river, glacier, reservoir and pond wetlands due to low adjacency matrix values. Since their cumulative contribution exceeded 81% through the PCA analysis, the agriculture activities would be the main driving force to the landscape changes during the past 15 years.

关键词： wetland landscape spatial pattern landscape indices wetland management Dadu River catchment

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基于四元驱动的非平稳水文干旱评估方法

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水资源保护 2024年第1期40卷 71-78页

作者：崔豪江善虎任立良朱永卫杜树平严登华河海大学水灾害防御全国重点实验室江苏南京210098 河海大学水文水资源学院江苏南京210098 中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所北京100038

为了科学评估自然-社会系统影响下非平稳水文干旱,考虑气候变化(降水、气温)和人类活动(取用水、水库)四元要素的影响,通过基于四元驱动的GAMLSS模型构建非平稳标准化径流指数(NSRI),提出了基于四元驱动的非平稳水文干旱评估方法。黄河... 详细信息

为了科学评估自然-社会系统影响下非平稳水文干旱,考虑气候变化(降水、气温)和人类活动(取用水、水库)四元要素的影响,通过基于四元驱动的GAMLSS模型构建非平稳标准化径流指数(NSRI),提出了基于四元驱动的非平稳水文干旱评估方法。黄河流域非平稳水文干旱实例评估结果表明:黄河流域花园口站径流序列呈现出明显的非平稳特征,径流量1961—2020年发生显著下降,并在1990年发生突变;基于四元驱动的非平稳水文干旱评估方法能够更好地对径流数据进行非平稳概率分布拟合;对于历史干旱事件的识别,NSRI识别的干旱过程与实际更加接近,NSRI比标准化径流指数(SRI)识别效果更好,可以更好地反映变化环境下的水文干旱演变趋势。

关键词：标准化径流指数自然-社会系统 GAMLSS模型非平稳四元驱动

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An Ecologically Oriented Operation Strategy for a Multi-Reservoir System： A Case Study of the Middle and Lower Han River Basin, China

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Engineering 2018年第5期4卷 627-634页

作者： Hao Wang Xiaohui Lei denghua yan Xu Wang Shuyue Wu Zhengjie Yin Wenhua Wan State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of the Water Cycle in River Basins China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research Beijing 100038 China State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Water Resources Department Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute Wuhan 430010 China

水库群的建设和调度改变了河流的自然流态,对河流生态系统造成了不利影响。本文提出了一种面向生态的水库群调度策略,将河流内不同生态功能所需的生态流量整合到水库群联合调度中,以实现生态流量需求和人类用水需求之间的均衡。该策略... 详细信息

水库群的建设和调度改变了河流的自然流态,对河流生态系统造成了不利影响。本文提出了一种面向生态的水库群调度策略,将河流内不同生态功能所需的生态流量整合到水库群联合调度中,以实现生态流量需求和人类用水需求之间的均衡。该策略耦合了常规优化调度方案和一系列实时生态调度方案。在人类用水需求与生态流量需求冲突较小的时段,水库群调度在保障河流最小流量的前提下采用常规优化调度方案,最大限度地提高人类用水效益。在水库引发的水文改变对河流关键生态功能产生严重影响的时期,水库群调度采用实时生态调度方案,调整下泄流量,从而满足河流生态流量需求。该策略被应用于位于中国汉江中下游流域的一个大型水库群中。模拟调度结果表明,实时生态调度方案保证了河流关键生态功能的生态流量需求,其对人类用水效益的不利影响可通过常规优化调度方案得到部分补偿。本文提出的面向生态的水库群调度策略丰富了考虑生态流量需求的水库群联合调度的理论应用。

关键词：水库水资源自然流态河流

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考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置

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水科学进展 2024年第2期35卷 208-219页

作者：卢娜张佳明苏承国胡政磊吴泽宁严登华郑州大学水利与交通学院河南郑州450001 黄河实验室(郑州大学) 河南郑州450001 中国水利水电科学研究院北京100038

针对水土资源空间不匹配、水资源总量不足及土地资源利用程度不高等问题,以二元水循环理论为基础,构建考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置模型。该模型包括产水模块、水土联合配置模块和土地模拟模块,以GDP最大和基于生态绿当... 详细信息

针对水土资源空间不匹配、水资源总量不足及土地资源利用程度不高等问题,以二元水循环理论为基础,构建考虑水土互馈关系的区域水土资源联合优化配置模型。该模型包括产水模块、水土联合配置模块和土地模拟模块,以GDP最大和基于生态绿当量的区域植被覆盖率(EGE-RVC)最高为目标函数,并提出了一种耦合约束法、逐次逼近法和非线性规划的三层嵌套算法进行求解。以河南省洛阳市为例对模型和方法进行验证,结果表明,洛阳市可利用水量增加了4463万m^(3),GDP提高了12.5%,EGE-RVC增加了2.6%,各用地类型缺水率不同程度下降。研究成果能够为区域水土资源优化配置研究提供新的思路和技术参考。

关键词：水土资源联合优化配置相互作用二元水循环三层嵌套算法

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青藏高原不同水体氢氧稳定同位素特征

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南水北调与水利科技（中英文） 2024年第3期22卷 521-533页

作者：徐忠宝杨丽萍翁白莎严登华彭辉三峡大学水利与环境学院湖北宜昌443002 中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司天津300222 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室中国水利水电科学研究院北京100038

为揭示青藏高原区域水文循环机制和促进水资源合理利用,基于氢氧稳定同位素技术分析不同水体氢氧稳定同位素特征和转化关系,应用端元混合径流分割模型和IsoSource软件进行流域水源解析。结果表明:区域大气降水δ(^(18)O)值2—5月上升、5... 详细信息

为揭示青藏高原区域水文循环机制和促进水资源合理利用,基于氢氧稳定同位素技术分析不同水体氢氧稳定同位素特征和转化关系,应用端元混合径流分割模型和IsoSource软件进行流域水源解析。结果表明:区域大气降水δ(^(18)O)值2—5月上升、5—10月下降;氘盈余值冬季高夏季低;δ(^(18)O)在青藏高原北部地区表现出“逆海拔效应”,区域内其他地区“海拔效应”明显。河水、湖水、地下水的平均蒸发损失量分别为20.8%、30.9%、23.6%。河水氢氧稳定同位素的沿程变化受补给水源和蒸发作用影响,降水补给使得河水δ(^(18)O)减小,重同位素相对富集的地下水补给导致河水δ(^(18)O)增大,蒸发作用使得河水δ(^(18)O)增大,蒸发效应使得湖水重同位素富集,湖水注入河道后导致河水δ(^(18)O)增大。降水是拉萨河流域的最主要补给水源,而对于疏勒河流域的补给水源来说,降水和地下水平均贡献率相近,岷江流域则以地下水补给居多。那曲河流域下游受错那湖调节,随着沿程距离的增加,湖水补给贡献率呈下降趋势。

关键词：青藏高原稳定同位素降水河水湖水地下水

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