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Towards cultivar-oriented gene discovery for better crops

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Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat： Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

The Crop Journal 2024年第3期 670页

作者： dengcai liu

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 552-558页

作者： Aili Li dengcai liu Wuyun Yang Masahiro Kishii Long Mao Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 China Crop Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Chengdu 610066 China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center Yexcoco 56237 Mexico

In recent years, wheat yield per hectare appears to have reached a plateau, leading to concerns for future food security with an increasing world population. Since its invention, synthetic hexaploid wheat （SHW） has been shown to be an effective genetic resource for transferring agronomically important genes from wild relatives to common wheat. It provides new sources for yield potential, drought tolerance, disease resistance, and nutrient-use efficiency when bred conventionally with modern wheat varieties. SHW is becoming more and more important for modern wheat breeding. Here, we review the current status of SHW generation, study, and application, with a particular focus on its contribution to wheat breeding. We also briefly introduce the most recent progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms for growth vigor in SHW. Advances in new technologies have made the complete wheat reference genome available, which offers a promising future for the study and applications of SHW in wheat improvement that are essential to meet global food demand.

关键词： Synthetic wheat Wheat Polyploidization Disease resistance Stress tolerance Yield

四川山区63份马铃薯亲本材料的SSR指纹图谱构建及遗传多样性分析

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四川农业大学学报 2024年第4期42卷 792-799页

作者：李佩华张伦罗杰杜婷婷董攀彭正松刘登才四川农业大学小麦研究所成都611130 西昌学院农业科学学院四川西昌615013 重庆大学生命科学学院重庆400044

【目的】针对近年筛选出的适宜在四川山区种植的63份马铃薯骨干亲本材料开展遗传多样性研究。【方法】从文献中找到208对多态性较高的引物,提取供试材料的DNA进行PCR扩增。【结果】168对引物出现扩增条带,145对引物具有多态性,7对引物... 详细信息

【目的】针对近年筛选出的适宜在四川山区种植的63份马铃薯骨干亲本材料开展遗传多样性研究。【方法】从文献中找到208对多态性较高的引物,提取供试材料的DNA进行PCR扩增。【结果】168对引物出现扩增条带,145对引物具有多态性,7对引物可以完全区分供试材料。【结论】用这7对引物构建SSR指纹图谱,发现63份马铃薯材料间的遗传相似系数为0.48~0.98。遗传相似系数为0.481处将供试材料分为A、B和C 3个类群,0.614处将供试材料分为7个类群,表明供试材料间亲缘关系较远,可为马铃薯的遗传育种杂交亲本组配提供参考。

关键词：马铃薯 SSR标记遗传多样性分析 DNA指纹图谱

Synthetic hexaploid wheat and its utilization for wheat genetic improvement in China

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第9期36卷 539-546页

作者： Wuyun Yang dengcai liu Jun Li Lianquan Zhang Huiting Wei Xiaorong Hu Youliang Zheng Zhouhu He Yuchun Zou Crop Research Institute Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Science Chengdu 610066 China. Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Dujiangyan city 611830 China Institute of Crop Science/National Wheat Improvement Centre Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) Beijing 100081 China CIMMYT China Office clo CAAS Beijing 100081 China Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qinghai 810001 China

Synthetic hexaploid wheat （Triticum turgidum x Aegilops tauschii） was created to explore for novel genes from T. turgidum and Ae. tauschii that can be used for common wheat improvement. In the present paper, research advances on the utilization of synthetic hexaploid wheat for wheat genetic improvement in China are reviewed. Over 200 synthetic hexaploid wheat （SHW） accessions from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre （CIMMYT） were introduced into China since 1995. Four cultivars derived from these, Chuanmai 38, Chuanmai 42, Chuanmai 43 and Chuanmai 47, have been released in China. Of these, Chuanmai 42, with large kernels and resistance to stripe rust, had the highest average yield （〉 6 t/ha） among all cultivars over two years in Sichuan provincial yield trials, outyielding the commercial check cultivar Chuanmai 107 by 22,7%. Meanwhile, by either artificial chromosome doubling via colchicine treatment or spontaneous chromosome doubling via a union of unreduced gametes （2n） from T. turgidum-Ae, tauschii hybrids, new SHW lines were produced in China. Mitotic-like meiosis might be the cytological mechanism of spontaneous chromosome doubling. SHW lines with genes for spontaneous chromosome doubling may be useful for producing new SHW-alien amphidiploids and double haploid in wheat genetic improvement.

关键词： Aegilops tauschii synthetic hexaploid wheat disease resistance genetic diversity wheat breeding unreduced gametes

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四川小麦新品种的条锈病抗性基因分布

麦类作物学报 2024年第3期44卷 305-314页

作者：杨治任小杰蒋云王芳冯丽华郝明袁中伟甯顺腙姜博张连全伍碧华刘登才黄林西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室四川成都611130 四川农业大学小麦研究所四川成都611130 四川省农科院生物技术核技术研究所四川成都610066

条锈病是四川小麦重要病害。为了解四川近年来审定小麦品种的条锈病抗性水平和抗病基因利用情况,对2017年以来审定的63个小麦新品种进行条锈病抗性鉴定,利用抗病基因Yr5、Yr7、Yr15、Yr18、Yr27、Yr28、Yr36、Yr46、YrU1、YrSP的功能标... 详细信息

条锈病是四川小麦重要病害。为了解四川近年来审定小麦品种的条锈病抗性水平和抗病基因利用情况,对2017年以来审定的63个小麦新品种进行条锈病抗性鉴定,利用抗病基因Yr5、Yr7、Yr15、Yr18、Yr27、Yr28、Yr36、Yr46、YrU1、YrSP的功能标记和Yr17、Yr26、Yr29的紧密连锁标记进行检测。结果表明,57个品种在苗期对条锈菌小种CYR34的抗性水平达到中抗以上(IT=0~6)。所有品种的田间成株期抗性均达到中抗及以上(IT=1~4)。未检测到Yr5、Yr27、Yr46和YrU1的功能位点,其余9个基因均存在于四川小麦品种中。Yr7、Yr17、Yr26和Yr29在供试品种的分布频率超过50%。综上所述,四川小麦新品种条锈病抗性水平整体较高,条锈病抗性基因丰富;小麦祖先物种抗条锈病基因Yr15、Yr28和Yr36已成功应用于四川小麦育种。

关键词：四川小麦品种条锈病抗性抗病基因分子标记检测

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Divergence in homoeolog expression of the grain length-associated gene GASR7 during wheat allohexaploidization

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The Crop Journal 2015年第1期3卷 1-9页

作者： Dongdong Zhang Bingnan Wang Junmin Zhao Xubo Zhao Lianquan Zhang dengcai liu Lingli Dong Daowen Wang Long Mao Aili Li National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University The State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering Institute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyChinese Academy of Sciences

Hexaploid wheat has triplicated homoeologs for most of the genes that are located in subgenomes A, B, and D. GASR7, a member of the Snakin/GASA gene family, has been associated with grain length development in wheat. However, little is known about divergence of its homoeolog expression in wheat polyploids. We studied the expression patterns of the GASR7 homoeologs in immature seeds in a synthetic hexaploid wheat line whose kernels are slender like those of its maternal parent(Triticum turgidum, AABB, PI 94655) in contrast to the round seed shape of its paternal progenitor(Aegilops tauschii, DD, AS2404). We found that the B homoeolog of GASR7 was the main contributor to the total expression level of this gene in both the maternal tetraploid progenitor and the hexaploid progeny, whereas the expression levels of the A and D homoeologs were much lower. To understand possible mechanisms regulating different GASR7 homoeologs, we firstly analyzed the promoter sequences of three homoeologous genes and found that all of them contained gibberellic acid(GA) response elements, with the TaG ASR7 B promoter(pT aG ASR7B) uniquely characterized by an additional predicted transcriptional enhancer. This was confirmed by the GA treatment of spikes where all three homoeologs were induced, with a much stronger response for TaG ASR7 B. McrB C enzyme assays showed that the methylation status at pT aG ASR7 D was increased during allohexaploidization, consistent with the repressed expression of TaG ASR7 D. For pT aG ASR7 A, the distribution of repetitive sequence-derived 24-nucleotide(nt) small interfering RNAs(siR NAs) were found which suggests possible epigenetic regulation because 24-nt siR NAs are known to mediate RNA-dependent DNA methylation. Our results thus indicate that both genetic and epigenetic mechanisms may be involved in the divergence of GASR7 homoeolog expression in polyploid wheat.

关键词： TaGASR7 Gibberellic acid Triticum aestivum Polyploidy

Wheat breeding in the hometown of Chinese Spring

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The Crop Journal 2018年第1期6卷 82-90页

作者： dengcai liu Lianquan Zhang Ming Hao Shunzong Ning Zhongwei Yuan Shoufen Dai Lin Huang Bihua Wu Zehong Yan Xiujin Lan Youliang Zheng Triticeae Research Institute Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agricultural University

The common wheat landrace Chinese Spring(CS) was made famous by the work of Ernie Sears, a great cytogenetist, who developed a number of CS-based aneuploid series that were used to identify individual wheat chromosomes. Based on this, a standard karyotype and nomenclature system was developed for wheat chromosomes that allowed wheat researchers to analyze and manipulate the wheat genome with unprecedented precision and efficiency. Nevertheless, not much is known about the utilization of CS at its hometown, Chengdu in Sichuan province, during early wheat breeding activity. In this review, we follow the speculation that CS is a selection from the Cheng-du-guang-tou(CDGT) landrace. We provide a description of how CDGT became a founder landrace for wheat breeding activities in early times. We show that CDGT-derived varieties were reinforced genetically by crosses to six more exotic parents. These varieties remained the major elite cultivar for several decades. Later, synthetic hexaploid wheats were introduced into the breeding program, firstly using those from CIMMYT and later using materials produced with local tetraploid wheat and goat grass. Finally, we discuss the strategies and future directions to improve wheat yield and resistance through an expanded genetic basis,especially by recapturing lost genetic variations from landraces and related wild species, a process that may set an example for wheat breeders in China and elsewhere.

关键词： Introgression Multiparent advanced generation inter-cross Synthetic hexaploid wheat Unreduced gametes

Production of aneuhaploid and euhaploid sporocytes by meiotic restitution in fertile hybrids between durum wheat Langdon chromosome substitution lines and Aegilops tauschii

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2008年第10期35卷 617-623页

作者： Lianquan Zhang Qijiao Chen Zhongwei Yuan Zhiguo Xiang Youliang Zheng dengcai liu Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural University Dujiangyan 611830 China Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Resources and Improvement Ministry of Education Sichuan Agricultural University Yaan 625014 China

Fertile F1 hybrids were obtained between durum wheat （Triticum durum Desf.） Langdon （LDN） and its 10 disomic substitution （LDN DS） lines with Aegilops tauschii accession AS60 without embryo rescue. Selfed seedset rates for hybrids of LDN with AS60 were 36.87% and 49.45% in 2005 and 2006, respectively. Similar or higher selfed seedset rates were observed in the hybrids of 1D （1A）, 1D （1B）, 3D （3A）, 4D （4B）, 7D （7A）, and 2D （2B） with AS60, while lower in hybrids of 3D （3B）＋ 3BL, 5D （5A）＋ 5AL, 5D （5B）＋ 5B and 6D （6B）＋ 6BS with AS60 compared with the hybrids of LDN with AS60. Observation of male gametogenesis showed that meiotic restitution, both first-division restitution （FDR） and single-division meiosis （SDM） resulted in the formation of functional unreduced gametes, which in turn produced seeds. Both euhaploid and aneuhaploid gametes were produced in F1 hybrids. This suggested a strategy to simultaneously transfer and locate major genes from the ancestral species T. turgidum or Ae. tauschii. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the aneuhaploid rates between the F1 hybrids of LDN and LDN DS lines with AS60, suggesting that meiotic pairing between the two D chromosomes in the hybrids of LDN DS lines with AS60 did not promote the formation of aneuhaploid gametes.

关键词： Aegilops tauschii aneuploid durum wheat female gametes meiosis restitution unreduced gametes

The KL system in wheat permits homoeologous crossing over between closely related chromosomes

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The Crop Journal 2023年第3期11卷 808-816页

作者： Chaolan Fan Jiangtao Luo Jiaojiao Sun Hong Chen Liqiong Li Lanyue Zhang Xue Chen Yazhou Li Shunzong Ning Zhongwei Yuan Bo Jiang Lianquan Zhang Xuejiao Chen Adam J.Lukaszewski dengcai liu Ming Hao State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Department of Botany and Plant Sciences University of CaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130SichuanChina Crop Research Institute Sichuan Academic of Agricultural ScienceChengdu 610066SichuanChina

The Chinese wheat landrace Kaixianluohanmai(KL)expresses the ph-like phenotype.A major QTL,***-3A(***),responsible for this effect has been mapped to chromosome arm *** study presents some characteristics of homoeologous pairing and recombination induced by *** KL haploids,the level of homoeologous pairing was elevated relative to Ph1 Chinese Spring(CS)*** was a clear preference for A–D pairing and less frequent for A–B and B–D,reflecting the higher levels of affinity between genomes A and D in *** characteristics of pairing were affected by temperature and magnesium ion *** suitability of phKL for chromosome engineering was tested on three pairs of homoeologues:2Sv-2B,2Sv-2D,and *** recombination rates were 1.68%,0.17%,and 0%,*** phKL locus in KL induced a moderate level of homoeologous chromosome pairing and recombination when the Ph1 locus of wheat was present,both in wheat haploids and *** Ph1-imposed criteria for chromosome pairing and crossing over were relaxed to some degree,permitting homoeologous crossing over but only between closely related chromosomes;there was no crossing over between more differentiated ***,the phKL system(***-3A)can be a useful tool in chromosome engineering of wheat to transfer genes from closely related species with the benefit of reduced genomic chaos generated by the ph1b mutation.

关键词： ph-like gene phKL Homoeologous recombination Homoeology