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Clean air captures attention whereas pollution distracts:eviden.e from brain activities

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第4期18卷 5-15页

作者： Jianx.n Yang Yunqi Liu Berry van den.Berg Susie Wang Lele Chen Miaomiao Liu Jun Bi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology(CICAEET) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Nanjing Foreign Language School Nanjing 210008China Department of Ex.erimental Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands Department of Social Psychology University of GroningenGrote Kruisstraat 2/19712 TSGroningenThe Netherlands School of Education Science Nantong UniversityNantong 226019China

Awareness of the adverse impact of air pollution on attention-related performance such as learning and driving is rapidly ***,there is still little known about the underlying neurocognitive *** an adapted dot-probe task paradigm and event-related potential(ERP)technique,we investigated how visual stimuli of air pollution influence the attentional allocation *** were required to make responses to the onset of a target presented at the left or right visual *** probable location of the target was forewarned by a cue(pollution or clean air images),appearing at either the target location(attention-holding trials)or the opposite location(attention-shifting trials).Behavioral measures showed that when cued by pollution images,subjects had higher response accuracy in attention-shifting *** analysis results revealed that after the cue onset,pollution images evoked lower N300 amplitudes,indicating less attentioncapturing effects of dirty *** the target onset,pollution cues were correlated with the higher P300 amplitudes in attention-holding trials but lower amplitudes in attention-shifting *** indicates that after visual ex.osure to air pollution,people need more neurocognitive resources to maintain attention but less effort to shift attention *** findings provide the first neuroscientific eviden.e for the distracting effect of air *** conclude with several practical implications and suggest the ERP technique as a promising tool to understand human responses to environmental stressors.

关键词： Air pollution Attention Disengagement Performance Event-related potential

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Nanomaterial‑Based Repurposing of Macrophage Metabolism and Its Applications

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第11期16卷 494-528页

作者： Tingting Meng Danfeng He Zhuolei Han Rong Shi Yuhan Wang Bibo Ren Cheng Zhang Zhengwei Mao Gaox.ng Luo Jun den Institute of Burn Research Southwest HospitalState Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical PoisoningArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038People’s Republic of China Department of Breast Surgery Gansu Provincial HospitalLanzhouGansu 730030People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization Department of Polymer Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027People’s Republic of China

Macrophage immunotherapy represents an emerging therapeutic approach aimed at modulating the immune response to alleviate disease ***(NMs)have been engineered to monitor macrophage metabolism,enabling the evaluation of disease progression and the replication of intricate physiological signal *** achieve this either directly or by delivering regulatory signals,thereby mapping phenotype to effector functions through metabolic repurposing to customize macrophage fate for ***,a comprehensive summary regarding NM-mediated macrophage visualization and coordinated metabolic rewiring to maintain phenotypic equilibrium is currently *** review aims to address this gap by outlining recent advancements in NM-based metabolic *** initially ex.lore the relationship between metabolism,polarization,and disease,before delving into recent NM innovations that visualize macrophage activity to elucidate disease onset and fine-tune its fate through metabolic remodeling for macrophage-centered ***,we discuss the prospects and challenges of NM-mediated metabolic immunotherapy,aiming to accelerate clinical *** anticipate that this review will serve as a valuable reference for researchers seeking to leverage novel metabolic intervention-matched immunomodulators in macrophages or other fields of immune engineering.

关键词： Immunomodulatory nanomaterial Macrophage polarization Macrophage metabolic reprogramming Immune engineering

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Cholesterol and Sericin as First Aid for Damaged Cells

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第4期12卷 79-88页

作者： den.z Aksoy Doga Naz Turan Zeki Berkay Bayraktar Basak College Anatolian High School Aydin Turkey Bornova Anatolian High School Bornova Turkey Izmir Science High School Izmir Turkey

Cells are surrounded by a double-layered phospholipid cell membrane responsible for the isolation of intracellular contents, active regulation of uptake from the ex.racellular environment, and intercellular connection and communication. These cell membranes must be intact and functionally active for cell survival and biological functioning. Compromised damage repair mechanisms usually result in impaired cellular homeostasis, leading to early or late problems. Chronic myopathies, certain myocardial diseases, aging, and acute or chronic neurodegenerative diseases (like Parkinson and Alzheimer) are directly related to cell membrane damage. This study ex.mined the effect of a cholesterol-loaded nanoparticle (methyl-beta cyclodex.rin) or the silk protein sericin on cell membrane and DNA integrity and cell viability in an in vitro cell damage model (frozen-thawed rabbit sperm cells). The cells were stored in liquid nitrogen (-196°C), thawed in small batches, and treated with cholesterol-loaded cyclodex.rin or sericin before incubation at 35°C for 4 hours. Cell membrane integrity, DNA damage, and viability rates were assessed immediately after thawing and after the incubation period. The administration of sericin and cholesterol in a cell damage model increased cell survival and reduced DNA damage over a 4-hour post-thaw incubation period, suggesting their potential use as a “first aid” intervention at the cellular level.

关键词： Cell Membrane DNA Survival Damage Cholesterol Sericin Spermatozoa

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Systematic study of cluster radioactivity within the generalized liquid drop model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 118-129页

作者：邓军刚程俊皓包小军张鸿飞 College of Science China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Center for Astronomy and Space Sciences China Three Gorges UniversityYichang 443002China Department of Physics National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center for Quantum Effectsand Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of EducationHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China School of Physics Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049China

Cluster radioactivity is studied within the generalized liquid drop model(GLDM),in which the shell correction energy,pairing energy,and cluster preformation factor are *** calculations show significant improvements and can reproduce the ex.erimental data within a factor of 8.04 after considering these physical *** addition,the systematic trend of the cluster preformation factors is discussed in terms of the N_(p)N_(n)scheme to study the influence of the valence proton-neutron interaction and shell effect on cluster *** is found that log10Pcis linearly related to N_(p)N_(n).This is in agreement with a recent study[*** et al.,***.C 108,014325(2023)],in which log10Pc,obtained using different theoretical models and treatment methods than those used in this study,also had a linear relationship with N_(p)N_(n).Combined with the work by Qi et al.,this study suggests that the linear relationship between log10Pcand N_(p)N_(n)is model-independen. and both the shell effect and valence proton-neutron interaction play essential roles in cluster *** analytical formula is proposed to calculate the cluster preformation factor based on the N_(p)N_(n)*** addition,the cluster preformation factors and the cluster radioactivity half-lives of some heavy nuclei are predicted,which can provide a reference for future ex.eriments.

关键词： cluster radioactivity cluster preformation factor shell effect generalized liquid drop model

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Supramolecular Polymerization of Hydrogen-Bonded Trimers in Bulk and Aqueous Medium

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CCS Chemistry 2024年第6期6卷 1458-1465页

作者： Freek V.de Graaf Stef A.H.Jansen Sandra M.C.Schoenmakers Bas van Genabeek Marle E.J.Vleugels Bart W.L.van den.Bersselaar E.W.Meijer Ghislaine Vantomme Institute for Complex.Molecular Systems Laboratory of Macromolecular and Organic ChemistryEindhoven University of Technology5600 MBEindhoven School of Chemistry and RNA Institute University of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052

Synthetic molecules that form functional noncovalent assemblies in water have received much attention for their potential applications as *** this work,we introduce a novel water-compatible monomer based on the phthalhydrazide moiety that assembles into hydrogen-bonded trimeric *** bulk,the material ex.ibits a cylindrical nanostructure in the liquid-crystalline phase at elevated temperatures,morphologically distinct from the crystalline lamellar *** water,these molecules effectively form cylinders in a one-dimensional fashion,yielding fibrous *** formation of these supramolecular polymers follows a cooperative mechanism,as eviden.ed by den.turation *** trimerized pattern represents a new category of aqueous su pramolecular polymers with future prospects for functional complex.molecular systems.

关键词： noncovalent chemistry supramolecular polymers hydrogen bonding cooperativity nanostructure

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上海安亭新镇经验:规划结构中的文化和空间适应与转化

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China City Planning Review 2024年第1期33卷 22-33页

作者：哈利·邓·哈托格鲍莉珂梁毅方 TU Delft the Netherlands Tongji University ShanghaiP.R.China 不详 Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences Amsterdamthe Netherlands

this paper we study planned and unplanned adjustment processes in master-planned communities and new towns by a first wave of residen.s,in which changes in lifestyles play a central *** can unplanned transitions be stimulated and play a role in making a new town more attractive,sustainable,adjustable,and fex.ble in use?We apply this to the case of Anting New Town in *** focus on both personal and collective adjustments and appropriation in housing,commercial,as well as public *** ex.lore methods of doing visual research by observation,in line with methods by Venturi and *** adding economic and socio-cultural drivers and institutional frameworks,which allow these alterations to happen,conclusions are made about the possible sustainability,adjustability,and flex.bility of these planned *** analyze adjustments from different perspectives on the themes of urbanity and iden.ity:architectural-morphological,②functional-economical,and *** different approaches to studying the planned and unplanned city,we ex.lain how the urbanity and iden.ity of Anting have changed in various *** of building structures and urban spaces is a key element in this process of *** is the outcome of a wider process of economicand socio-culturalchange.

关键词： adaptability appropriation iden.ity master-planned communities new towns open city personalization public space

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Counting the SNAREs needed for membrane fusion

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分子细胞生物学报:英文版 2011年第4期3卷 204-205页

作者： Geert van den.Bogaart Reinhard Jahn Department of Neurobiology Max-Planck Institute for Biophysical ChemistryAm Fassberg 1137077 GottingenGermany

SNARE proteins mediate most membrane fusion reactions in eukaryotic cells,and are thereby vital for many functions,including synaptic transmission,cell growth,and ***,until recently it was still unclear how many of these proteins are required to catalyze membrane fusion in *** a recent Science paper,Mohrmann et al.(2010)elegantly show that in chromaffin cells,three SNARE complex.s are required for the synchronous release of granules,whereas only a single SNARE complex.is sufficient for overall release.

关键词： release thereby complex.s

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Spatial distribution of archaeal and bacterial ammonia ox.dizers in the littoral buffer zone of a nitrogen-rich lake

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012年第5期24卷 790-799页

作者： Huub J. M. Op den.Camp Department of Microbiology IWWR Radboud University Nijmegen

The spatial distribution and diversity of archaeal and bacterial ammonia ox.dizers （AOA and AOB） were evaluated targeting amoA genes in the gradient of a littoral buffer zone which has been iden.ified as a hot spot for N cycling. Here we found high spatial heterogeneity in the nitrification rate and abundance of ammonia ox.dizers in the five sampling sites. The bacterial amoA gene was numerically dominant in most of the surface soil but decreased dramatically in deep layers. Higher nitrification potentials were detected in two sites near the land/water interface at 4.4–6.1 μg NO2-N/（g dry weight soil·hr）, while only 1.0–1.7 μg NO2-N/（g dry weight soil·hr） was measured at other sites. The potential nitrification rates were proportional to the amoA gene abundance for AOB, but with no significant correlation with AOA. The NH4＋ concentration was the most determinative parameter for the abundance of AOB and potential nitrification rates in this study. Higher richness in the surface layer was found in the analysis of biodiversity. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that most of the bacterial amoA sequences in surface soil were affiliated with the genus of Nitrosopira while the archaeal sequences were almost equally affiliated with Candidatus ‘Nitrososphaera gargensis’ and Candidatus ‘Nitrosocaldus yellowstonii’. The spatial distribution of AOA and AOB indicated that bacteria may play a more important role in nitrification in the littoral buffer zone of a N-rich lake.

关键词： littoral zone ammonia ox.dation archaea bacteria heterogeneity abundance

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Deciphering fluid inclusions in high-grade rocks

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Geoscience Frontiers 2014年第5期5卷 683-695页

作者： Alfons van den.Kerkhof Andreas Kronz Klaus Simon Geowissenschaftliches Zentrum der Universitat Gottingen Goldschmidtstr.1-3 D 37073 GottingenGermany

The study of fluid inclusions in high-grade rocks is especially challenging as the host minerals have been normally subjected to deformation, recrystallization and fluid-rock interaction so that primary in- clusions, formed at the peak of metamorphism are rare. The larger part of the fluid inclusions found in metamorphic minerals is typically modified during uplift. These late processes may strongly disguise the characteristics of the ＂original＂ peak metamorphic fluid. A detailed microstructural analysis of the host minerals, notably quartz, is therefore indispensable for a proper interpretation of fluid inclusions. Cathodoluminescence （CL） techniques combined with trace element analysis of quartz （EPMA, LA- [CPMS） have shown to be very helpful in deciphering the rock-fluid evolution. Whereas high-grade metamorphic quartz may have relatively high contents of trace elements like Ti and A1, low- temperature re-equilibrated quartz typically shows reduced trace element concentrations. The result- ing microstructures in CL can be basically distinguished in diffusion patterns （along microfractures and grain boundaries）, and secondary quartz formed by dissolution-reprecipitation. Most of these tex.ures are formed during retrograde fluid-controlled processes between ca. 220 and 500 ℃, i.e. the range of semi-brittle deformation （greenschist-facies） and can be correlated with the fluid inclusions. In this way modified and re-trapped fluids can be iden.ified, even when there are no optical features observed under the microscope.

关键词： Fluid inclusionsGranuliteCharnockiteCathodoluminescenceLA-ICPMSQuartz

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Multi-threaded compression of Earth observation time-series data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2017年第12期10卷 1214-1230页

作者： D.Swanepoel F.van den.Bergh Remote Sensing Research Unit Meraka InstituteCSIRPretoriaSouth Africa

Earth observation data are typically compressed using general-purpose single-threaded compression algorithms that operate at a fraction of the bandwidth of modern storage and processing *** present eviden.e that recently developed multi-threaded compression codecs offer substantial benefits over widely used single-threaded codecs in terms of compression efficiency when applied to a selection of moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer(MODIS)datasets stored in the HDF5 *** codecs from the LZ77 and Rice families are shown to vary in efficacy when applied to different MODIS data products,highlighting the need for compression strategies to be tailored to different classes of *** also introduce LPC-Rice,a new multi-threaded codec,that performs particularly well when applied to time-series data.

关键词： Data compression multithreading time-series HDF HDF5 MODIS

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