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Magnetic probe diagnostics of nonlinear standing waves and bulk ohmic electron power absorption in capacitive discharges

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Plasma Science and Technology 2021年第11期23卷 74-83页

作者： Kai ZHAO Yongxin LIU Quanzhi ZHANG demetre j economou Younian WANG Key Laboratory of Materials Modification by Laser Ionand Electron Beams(Ministry of Education)School of PhysicsDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024People's Republic of China Plasma Processing Laboratory William A.Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHoustonTexas 77204-4004United States of America

It is recognized that standing wave effects appearing in large-area,very-high-frequency capacitively coupled plasma(CCP)reactors cause center-high plasma *** a high-frequency magnetic probe,we present a direct experimental diagnostic of the nonlinear standing waves and bulk ohmic electron power absorption dynamics in low pressure CCP discharges for different driving frequencies of 13.56,30,and 60 *** design,principle,calibration,and validation of the probe are described in *** structures of the harmonics of the magnetic field,determined by the magnetic probe,were used to calculate the distributions of the harmonic current and the corresponding ohmic electron power deposition,providing insights into the behavior of nonlinear *** a low driving frequency,i.e.13.56 MHz,no remarkable nonlinear standing waves were identified and the bulk ohmic electron power absorption was observed to be *** harmonic magnetic field/current was found to increase dramatically with the driving frequency,due to decreased sheath reactance and more remarkable nonlinear standing waves at a higher driving frequency,leading to the enhancements of the ohmic heating and the plasma density in the bulk,specifically at the electrode *** a high driving frequency,i.e.60 MHz,the high-order harmonic current density and the corresponding ohmic electron power absorption exhibited a similar node structure,with the main peak on axis,and one or more minor peaks between the electrode center and the edge,contributing to the center-high profile of the plasma density.

关键词： capacitively coupled plasmas magnetic probe nonlinear standing waves ohmic heating

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Transformation of PGM in supra subduction zones: Geochemical and mineralogical constraints from the Veria (Greece) podiform chromitites

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 827-842页

作者： George Tsoupas Maria economou-Eliopoulos Department of Economic Geology Geochemistry Faculty of Geology and GeoenvironmentNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensPetropolisGR-15784AthensGreece

Extremely abundant PGE-minerals(PGM)hosted in chromitites from the Veria ophiolite complex in Macedonia(***)may be unique among ophiolite *** study focuses on differences between the low-and high-PGE *** textural,mineralogical and geochemical constraints from those ores are presented,aiming to define factors controlling the PGE enrichment in a supra subduction environment,in the light of postmagmatic *** whole ore analyses for mmajor and trace elements indicated an unusually high-IPGE content(up to 25 ppm)and higher Fe,Ca,Mn,Zn and V contents in high-PGE compared to low-PGE in massive *** wide compositional variation of chromite,even in the same polished section,the occurrence of very fine PGM(less than 20μm)as inclusions within chromite and extremely large(>1000μm),angular or fine-grained PGM aggregates ones within a matrix of highly fragmented chromite-Cr-garnet matrix,may indicate crystallization/recrystallization of chromite from more than one precursor ***(RuS2)is very limited,occurring as remnants surrounding by Ru–Os–Ir oxides/hydroxides,of a wide compositional *** occurs as euhedral crystals up to 200μm,surrounding by chromite,as anhedral exsolutions 1–200μm within laurite,or creating segregates with platarsite and relics of(Ru,Pt,Rh,Os)***–Ru–Rh–Pd-minerals occur commonly as relatively fine-grained assemblages,up to 50μm,along with irarsite and other relics of(Ru,Pt,Rh,Os)***-alloys show a variation ranging from tetraferroplatinum to Pt–Ir–Fe–Ni *** presence of laurite relics in large IPGM,awaruite,heazlewoodite,and carbon-bearing material reflecting a super-reducing environment,and the transformation of primary PGM into Os–Ir–Ru-alloys and oxides/hydroxides in association with Fe-chromite and Fe3t-bearing garnet(andradite-uvarovite solidsolution series)may reflect changes of the redox conditions from reducing to *** relatively high N

关键词： Platinum-group minerals Chromite Inclusions P-T-conditions Veria

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A review of dual-spin projectile stability

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2020年第1期16卷 1-9页

作者： james Norris Amer Hameed john economou Simon Parker Centre for Defence Engineering Cranfield UniversityDefence Academy of the United KingdomShrivenhamSN68LA United Kingdom BAE Systems United Kingdom

This paper gives a succinct review of dual-spinprojectile stability and some technologies relating to *** describes how the traditional stability factors from linear projectile theory are modified to better describe a controlled dual-spin ***,it reviews works which have investigated how different aspects of a controlled dual-spin design can affect flight stability,primarily airframe structure and canard properties.A conclusion is given,highlighting important guidelines from the enclosed discussions.

关键词： Guided projectiles Dual-spin Gyroscopic Dynamic Stability Canards

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Evaluation of the Cr(VI) and other toxic element contamination and their potential sources:The case of the Thiva basin(Greece)

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第4期3卷 523-539页

作者： M.economou-Eliopoulos D.Antivachi Ch.Vasilatos I.Megremi Department of Geology & Geoenvironment Section of Economic Geology & Geochemistry.University of AthensPanepistimiopolisAthens 15784Greece

An integrated approach was performed on the soil, plant-crops and groundwater system at the Thiva basin, to evaluate the extent and intensity of the heavy metal contamination, the percentage of metals transferred into plants/crops （bio-accumulation） and the potential sources of contamination. Heavy metal contents （230--310 Cr, 1200--2200 Ni, 50--80 Co, 880--1150 Mn and 44,500--66,200 Fe all in ppm ） in the Thiva soils are higher than those in the Assopos basin. An increasing trend in the heavy metal contents, from the Assopos to the Thiva basin （Mouriki）, indicates that the metal source is probably the Ni-laterites and ophiolites, located towards north. On the other hand, groundwater samples from domestic and irrigation wells throughout the Thiva basin exhibit relatively low （8--37 ppb） concentrations in Cr compared to the Assopos （up to 150 ppb）. The plots of Cr versus Mg/Ca, Mg/Na versus Ca/Na, B versus Si/（Si ＋ Na） and Mg/Si versus Ca/Si ratios revealed a low degree of salinization in the Thiva compared to that in the Assopos （Avlida） basin. The low Cr concentration （average 23 ppb, during dry period） in the Thiva wells may be related with their depth （〉120 m）, in contrast to shallow wells in the central Euboea （hundreds ppb Cr） and points to a solution of a crucial environmental problem in Euboea and Assopos basin by using the deep karst-type aquifer instead the shallow-Neogene one. The average Cr contents （dry weight） ranges from 1.7 to 4.6 ppm （average 2.2） in carrots, potatoes and onions. The percentage of soil metals Crto^i, Cr（Vl）, Ni, Mn and Fe ranges between 0.06 and 3.2 （average （/.53 ~ 0.4）, whilst that for Cu and Zn ranges from 16 to 81 （average 36 ~ 24）. The Cr transfer to plants is low, due to the high resistance of chromite （main host of Cr）, but the determined Cr contents in plant- crops in the Thiva basin are higher than normal or sufficient vahles. Although mininml uptake for growth and production for Cr, Ni, Zn and Cn is still lacking, fnrtherm

关键词： Cr(VI) Contamination Plants Groundwater Bio-accumulation Thiva

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抗体在肿瘤免疫中的作用

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国际外科学杂志 1982年第2期09卷 108-112页

作者： economou j S 鲁泽清

宿主免疫未能阻止肿瘤进行性生长的原因,目前尚不清楚。人类癌肿细胞具有相对独特的膜抗原,这些肿瘤激发某些类型的免疫反应,后者可能由溶细胞性 T 淋巴细胞或肿瘤特异性抗体所传递。近年来,已

关键词：抗体靶细胞特异性肿瘤细胞肿瘤抗原肿瘤免疫

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