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丛书名： McGraw-Hi.l/i.wi. seri.s i. marketi.g

2004年

作者： del i. hawkins Roger J. Best Kenneth A. Coney

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An Analyti.al Soluti.n for Backscatter Tomography

作者： (美)戴维·L. 马瑟斯博(Davi. L. Mothersbaugh)，(美)德尔·i. 霍金斯(del i. hawkins)

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Tsi.ghua Sci.nce and Technology 2010年第1期15卷 62-67页

作者： Wi.li.m G hawkins College of Opti.al Sci.nces University of ArizonaTucsonAZ 85721USA

We uti.i.e the Novi.ov-Natterer algori.hm for non-uni.orm attenuati.n to i.vert the backscatter projecti.ns formed by the scatter of X-rays. The backscatter si.nal i. treated as an emi.ter i. a non-uni.ormly attenuati.g medi.m. Thi. type of tomography has appli.ati.ns i. radi.logy and denti.try for whi.h metals effecti.ely block the transmi.si.n of X-rays. Scanni.g for metals also has appli.ati.ns i. securi.y/baggage screeni.g. The results show that when the forward scatteri.g angle i. zero, the algori.hm, wi.h a redefi.i.i.n of the densi.y functi.n f, reduces to the PET attenuati.n correcti.n.

关键词： non-uni.orm attenuati.n backscatter tomography dental tomography i.plant i.agi.g baggage screeni.g

Recent progress i. alfalfa(Medi.ago sati.a L.)genomi.s and genomi. selecti.n

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The Crop Journal 2018年第6期6卷 565-575页

作者： Charles hawkins Long-Xi.Yu Uni.ed States Department of Agri.ulture-Agri.ultural Research Servi.e Plant Germplasm Introduction and Testing Research

Alfalfa(M. sati.a L.) i. a hi.hly valuable forage crop, provi.i.g >58 Mt of hay, si.age, and pasture each year i. the Uni.ed States. As alfalfa i. an outcrossi.g autotetraploi. crop,however, breedi.g for enhanced agronomi. trai.s i. challengi.g and progress has hi.tori.ally not been rapi.. Methods that make use of genotypi. i.formati.n and stati.ti.al models to generate a genomi. esti.ated breedi.g value(GEBV) for each plant at a young age hold a great deal of promi.e to accelerate breedi.g gai.s. An emergi.g genomi. breedi.g pi.eli.e employs SNP chi.s or genotypi.g-by-sequenci.g(GBS) to i.enti.y SNP markers i. a trai.i.g populati.n, followed by the use of a stati.ti.al model to fi.d associ.ti.ns between the di.covered SNPs and trai.s of i.terest, followed by genomi. selecti.n(GS), a breedi.g program uti.i.i.g the trai.ed model to predi.t breedi.g values and maki.g selecti.ns based on the esti.ated breedi.g value(EBV). Much work has been done i. recent years i. all of these areas, to generate marker sets and di.cover SNPs associ.ted wi.h desi.able trai.s, and the appli.ati.n of these technologi.s i. alfalfa breedi.g programs i. under way. However, GBS/GWAS/GS i. sti.l a new breedi.g paradi.m,and work i. ongoi.g to evaluate di.ferent models, software, and methods for use i. such programs. i. thi. revi.w, we look at the progress of alfalfa genomi.s over the past halfdecade, and revi.w work compari.g models and methods relevant to thi. new type of breedi.g strategy.

关键词： Alfalfa Genomi.s GWAS GBS Breedi.g

Global cli.ate change i. confoundi.g speci.s conservati.n strategi.s

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i.tegrati.e Zoology 2012年第2期7卷 158-164页

作者： Harold KOOPOWi.Z Bradford A.hawkins Department of Ecology and Evoluti.nary Bi.logy University of CaliforniaIrvineCaliforniaUSA

Most organi.ms face si.i.ar problems wi.h respect to thei. conservati.n i. the face of global cli.ate ***,we exami.e probable effects of cli.ate change on the hyperdi.erse plant fami.y *** the 20th century,the major concerns for orchi. conservati.n revolved around unsustai.able harvest for the orchi. trade and,more i.portantly,land conversi.n from natural ecosystems to those unable to support wi.d orchi. pop*** conversi.n i.cluded loggi.g,fi.e regi.es and forest conversi.ns to agri.ultural ***though those forms of degradati.n conti.ue,an addi.i.nal sui.e of threats has emerged,fueled by global cli.mate *** cli.ate change i.volves more than responses of orchi. populati.ns to i.creases i. ambi.nt *** temperature i.duces secondary effects that can be more si.ni.i.ant than si.ple changes i. *** these new threats are extended and prolonged fi.e seasons,ri.i.g sea levels,i.creases i. cycloni. storms,seasonal cli.ate shi.ts,changes i. orthographi. wi.d dew poi.t and i.creased *** long-term outlook for orchi. bi.di.ersi.y i. the wi.d i. di.mal,as i. i. for many ani.al groups,and we need to start rethi.ki.g strategi.s for conservati.n i. a rapi.ly changi.g world.

关键词： bi.di.ersi.y cli.ate change conservati.n bi.logy ex si.u conservati.n orchi.s

Markov cellular automata models for chroni. di.ease progressi.n

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i.ternati.nal Journal of Bi.mathemati.s 2015年第6期8卷 259-280页

作者： Jane hawkins Donna Moli.ek Department of Mathemati.s Uni.ersi.y of North Caroli.a at Chapel Hi.lCB #3250 Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599-3250 USA Department of Mathemati.s and Computer Sci.nce Davi.son College Davidson North Carolina 28035 USA

We analyze a Markov cellular automaton that models the spread of vi.uses that often progress to a chroni. condi.i.n, such as human i.munodefi.i.ncy vi.us （Hi.） or hep- ati.i. C vi.us （HCV）. We show that the complex dynami.al system produces a Markov process at the later stages, whose ei.envectors correspondi.g to the ei.envalue 1 have physi.al si.ni.i.ance for the long-term prognosi. of the vi.us. Moreover we show that drug treatment leads to chroni. condi.i.ns that can be modeled by Markov shi.ts wi.h more opti.al ei.enveetors.

关键词： Hi. cellular automata Markov process HCV.

Modelli.g mi.ochondri.l dysfuncti.n i. Alzhei.er’s di.ease usi.g human i.duced pluri.otent stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2019年第5期11卷 236-253页

作者： Kate Eli.abeth hawkins Mi.hael Duchen Cell and Developmental Bi.logy Division of Biosciences University College London

Alzhei.er’s di.ease (AD) i. the most common form of dementi.. To date, only fi.e pharmacologi.al agents have been approved by the Food and Drug Admi.i.trati.n for cli.i.al use i. AD, all of whi.h target the symptoms of the di.ease rather than the cause. i.creasi.g our understandi.g of the underlyi.g pathophysi.logy of AD wi.l faci.i.ate the development of new therapeuti. strategi.s. Over the years, the major hypotheses of AD eti.logy have focused on deposi.i.n of amyloi. beta and mi.ochondri.l dysfuncti.n. i. thi. revi.w we hi.hli.ht the potenti.l of experi.ental model systems based on human i.duced pluri.otent stem cells (i.SCs) to provi.e novel i.si.hts i.to the cellular pathophysi.logy underlyi.g neurodegenerati.n i. AD. Whi.st Down syndrome and fami.i.l AD i.SC models fai.hfully reproduce features of AD such as accumulati.n of Aβ and tau, oxi.ati.e stress and mi.ochondri.l dysfuncti.n, sporadi. AD i. much more di.fi.ult to model i. thi. way due to i.s complex eti.logy. Nevertheless, i.SC-based modelli.g of AD has provi.ed i.valuable i.si.hts i.to the underlyi.g pathophysi.logy of the di.ease, and has a huge potenti.l for use as a platform for drug di.covery.

关键词： i.duced pluri.otent stem cells Alzhei.er's di.ease Mi.ochondri.

Hot-carri.r degradati.n characteri.ti.s and explanati.n i. 0.25μm PMOSFETs

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Chi.ese Physi.s B 2005年第8期14卷 1644-1648页

作者：刘红侠郝跃 i.D.hawkins A.R.Peaker SchoolofMi.roelectroni.s KeyLaboratoryofMinistryofEducationforWideBand-GapSemiconductorMaterialsandDevicesXidianUniversityXi'an710071China CentreforElectroni.Materi.ls UMISTPOBox88ManchesterM601QDUK SchoolofMi.roelectroni.s KeyLaboratoryofMinistryofEducationforWideBand-GapSemiconductorMaterialsandDevicesXidianUniversityXi'an710071China

The hot-carri.r effect (HCE) of deep-submi.ron PMOSFETs has been i.vesti.ated. i. i. found that the HCE i.cludes both generati.n of i.terface states and formati.n of posi.i.e fi.ed charges i. the gate oxi.e. We present experi.ental evi.ences showi.g that two degradati.n mechani.ms are i.portant i. the case of deep-submi.ron PMOSFETs. Fi.stly, the generati.n of posi.i.e fi.ed oxi.e charges i. si.ni.i.ant i. the case of deep-submi.ron PMOSFETs,whi.h degrades the threshold voltage and even li.i.s the transi.tor li.eti.e. For advanced analogy and mi.ed si.nal appli.ati.ns, process and devi.e reli.bi.i.y li.i.s need to be set up based also on threshold voltage shi.t, i. addi.i.n to tradi.i.nal methods of the transconductance degradati.n or gate oxi.e li.eti.e. Secondly, the generati.n of i.terface states by holes i.fluences the devi.e characteri.ti.s. Some speculati.n on the HCE formati.n process i. i.cluded.

关键词： PMOSFET hot-carri.r effect (HCE) posi.i.e fi.ed oxi.e charges i.terface states devi.e reli.bi.i.y

Random lasi.g i. an Anderson locali.i.g opti.al fi.er

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Li.ht(Sci.nce & Appli.ati.ns) 2017年第1期6卷 577-584页

作者： Behnam Abai. Esmaei. Mobi.i.Salman Karbasi.Thomas hawkins John Ballato Arash Mafi Department of Physi.s and Astronomy University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87131USA Center for Hi.h Technology Materi.ls University of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNM 87106USA Department of Electri.al and Computer Engi.eeri.g University of CaliforniaSan DiegoCA 92093USA Center for Opti.al Materi.ls Sci.nce and Engi.eeri.g Technologi.s(COMSET)and the Department of Materi.ls Sci.nce and Engi.eeri.g Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29625USA

A di.ecti.nal random laser medi.ted by transverse Anderson locali.ati.n i. a di.ordered glass opti.al fi.er i. *** demonstrati.ns of random lasers have found li.i.ed appli.ati.ns because of thei. multi.di.ecti.nali.y and chaoti. fluctuati.ns i. the laser *** random laser presented i. thi. paper operates i. the Anderson locali.ati.n *** di.order i.duced locali.ed states form i.olated local channels that make the output laser beam hi.hly di.ecti.nal and stabi.i.e i.s *** strong transverse di.order and longi.udi.al i.vari.nce result i. i.olated lasi.g modes wi.h negli.i.le i.teracti.n wi.h thei. surroundi.gs,traveli.g back and forth i. a Fabry–Perot cavi.y formed by the ai.–fi.er *** i. shown that i. a locali.ed i.put pump i. scanned across the di.ordered fi.er i.put facet,the output laser si.nal follows the transverse posi.i.n of the ***,a uni.ormly di.tri.uted pump across the i.put facet of the di.ordered fi.er generates a laser si.nal wi.h very low spati.l coherence that can be of practi.al i.portance i. many opti.al platforms i.cludi.g i.age transport wi.h fi.er bundles.

关键词： di.ordered opti.al fi.er random lasi.g transverse Anderson locali.ati.n

Bi.geographi.al affi.i.i.s and evoluti.n of terrestri.l fauna i. the Qi.ghai.Ti.etan Plateau and the Hi.alayas:a case study of Aphi.omorpha

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Zoologi.al Systemati.s 2023年第2期48卷 126-139页

作者： Xi.olei.Huang Sami.an Chakrabarti.Junji. Li.Bradford A.hawkins Gexi. Qi.o State Key Laboratory of Ecologi.al Pest Control for Fuji.n and Tai.an Crops College of Plant ProtectionFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002China Key Laboratory of Zoologi.al Systemati.s and Evoluti.n Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Bi.systemati.s Research Uni. Department of ZoologyUniversity of KalyaniKalyani 741235India Department of Ecology&Evoluti.nary Bi.logy University of CaliforniaIrvineCA 92697USA

The hi.tory of the Qi.ghai.Ti.etan Plateau and the Hi.alayas(QTPH)regi.n makes i. a‘li.i.g laboratory'for understandi.g how the Earth's abi.ti. evoluti.n has shaped regi.nal ***,no studi.s to date have attempted to i.vesti.ate general macro-scale bi.geographi.al patterns and bi.geographi.al affi.i.i.s of the QTPH terrestri.l fauna i. a global *** on the analyses of the global di.tri.uti.ns of QTPH Aphi.omorpha speci.s,we exami.ed generali.ed di.tri.uti.n patterns for them and i.vesti.ated the bi.geographi.al affi.i.i.s between the QTPH and other *** analysi. and cluster analysi. of the global di.tri.uti.ns of 298 Aphi.omorpha speci.s i. the QTPH i.enti.i.d seven generali.ed bi.geographi.al tracks and ei.ht general di.tri.uti.n *** approaches detected si.i.arly generali.ed di.tri.uti.n *** margi.al areas where the generali.ed tracks i.tersect,*** eastern Hi.alayas,the western Hi.alayas,the Hengduan Mountai.s,and the northeastern QTPH,were i.enti.i.d as bi.geographi.al *** generali.ed di.tri.uti.n patterns i.di.ate the bi.geographi.al affi.i.i.s between the QTPH and other regi.ns and suggest the complex nature of the QTPH fauna.A spati.l congruence between the nodes and di.ersi.y centres detected by previ.us studi.s i.di.ates the four margi.al areas have been key areas i. fauna evoluti.n as centres for faunal exchange as well as glaci.l *** on the bi.geographi.al patterns,the geologi.al hi.tory of the QTPH and the evoluti.nary hi.tory of Aphi.omorpha,we propose an evoluti.nary scenari. for the evoluti.n of the QTPH aphi. fauna i. whi.h faunal exchanges,vi.ari.nce due to the upli.t of geographi.al barri.rs,envi.onmental heterogenei.y and Quarternary glaci.ti.ns have shaped the di.ersi.y patterns and fauna i. the QTPH.

关键词： Cluster analysi. di.ersi.y patterns geographi.al barri.r glaci.l refugi. track analysi.