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Diagnostics in inflammatory bowel disease: Ultrasound

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第27期17卷 3192-3197页

作者： deike strobel Ruediger S Goertz Thomas Bernatik Department of Medicine I Division of UltrasoundUniversity of ErlangenUlmenweg 18D-91054 ErlangenGermany

Diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is based on a combination of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and imaging data. Imaging of the morphological characteristics of IBD includes the assessment of mucosal alterations, transmural involvement and extraintestinal manifestations. No single imaging technique serves as a diagnostic gold standard to encompass all disease manifestations. Ultrasound, computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allow cross-sectional imaging of the transmural alterations and extraintestinal manifestations. While in the USA the technique of choice is CT, in Europe the focus is more on MRI and ultrasound (US). Most patients with chronic IBD are diagnosed at a young age. After baseline diagnosis many of these young patients have to undergo repetitive imaging procedures during the variable clinical course of the disease, characterized by alternate periods of remission and active disease, and in monitoring the response to treatment. US has the advantage of being noninvasive, less costly, and easily repeatable, and thus can be very useful in following up patients with IBD. In addition, rising concern about radiation exposure in young adults indicates the demand for radiation-sparing techniques like US and MRI. This article focuses on the current clinical practice of US in IBD, describing the current technologies used in transabdominal intestinal US and the characteristic sonographic findings in Crohn′s disease and ulcerative colitis.

关键词： High-frequency waves Ultrasound Clinical practice Inflammatory bowel disease Color Doppler Contrast agents

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Sustained treatment response of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma with bevacizumab and sorafenib

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第28期16卷 3592-3596页

作者： Christina Wich Abbas Agaimy deike strobel Thaddaus Till Wissniowski Arndt Hartmann Matthias Ocker Department of MedicineⅠ University Hospital ErlangenUlmenweg 1891054 ErlangenGermany Department of Pathology University Hospital ErlangenKrankenhausstr.1291054 ErlangenGermany Institute for Surgical Research Philipps University MarburgBaldingerstrasse35033 MarburgGermany

The overall survival for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is still *** the multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib has recently been approved for this disease,response rates are still low and patients often face dose-limiting toxicities which lead to a reduction in prognosis and treatment *** here report a patient with metastasized HCC who shows a sustained response for more than 30 mo to sorafenib therapy after failure of a first line therapy with gemcitabine,oxaliplatin and bevacizumab.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Sorafenib Bevacizumab Angiogenesis

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Activation and dramatically increased cytolytic activity of tumor specific T lymphocytes after radio-frequency ablation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and colorectal liver metastases

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第23期12卷 3716-3721页

作者： Johannes Hansler Thaddaus Till Wissniowski Detlef Schuppan Astrid Witte Thomas Bernatik Eckhart Georg Hahn deike strobel Department of Medicine 1 Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen NurembergGermany Experimental Hepatology and Ontology Nikolaus Fiebiger Center Friedrich AlexanderUniversity Erlangen Nuremberg Germany Division of Gastroenterology Beth IsraelDeaconess Medical Center Harvard Medical School Boston MAUnited States

AIM： To assess if a specific cytotoxic T cell response can be induced in patients with malignant liver tumors treated with radio-frequency ablation （RFA）. METHODS： Six Patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer and 6 with hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） underwent RFA. Blood was sampled before, 4 and 8 wk after RFA. Test antigens were autologous liver and tumor lysate obtained from each patient by biopsy. Peripheral T cell activation was assessed by an interferon gamma （IFNγ） secretion assay and flow cytometry. T cells were double-stained for CD4/CD8 and IFNγ to detect cytotoxic T cells. The ratio of IFNγ positive and IFNγ negative T cells was determined as the stimulation index （SI）. To assess cytolytic activity, T cells were co-incubated with human CaCo colorectal cancer and HepG2 HCC cells and release of cytosolic adenylate kinase was measured by a luciferase assay. RESULTS： Before RFA SI was 0.021 （±0.006） for CD4^＋ and 0.022 （± 0.004） for CD8^＋T cells against nonmalignant liver tissue and 0.018 （± 0.005） for CD4^＋ and 0.021 （± 0.004） for CD8^＋ cells against autologous tumor tissue. Four weeks after RFA SI against tumor tissue increased to 0.109 （± 0.005） for CD4＋ and 0.11 （± 0.012） for CD8＋ T cells against HCC, and to 0.115 （± 0.031） for CD4^＋ and 0.15 （± 0.02） for CD8^＋ cells for colorectal metastases （P 〈 0.0001）. No increased SI was observed with nonmalignant tumor tissue at all time points. Before RFA cytolytic activity against the respect（ve cancer cells was low with 2.62 （± 0.37） relative luminescence units （RLU）, but rose more than 100 fold 4 and 8 wk after RFA. Spontaneous release was 〈 2% of maximum release in all experiments. CONCLUSION： Patients with primary and secondary tumors of the liver show a significant tumor-specific cytotoxic T-cell stimulation with a dramatically increased tumor specific cytolytic activity of CD8^＋ T cells after RFA.

关键词： CD4 CD8 Cytotoxic Immune response Immunology Immunotherapy Interferon gamma T cells NK Therapeutic vaccination

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Assessment of metastatic liver disease in patients with primary extrahepatic tumors by contrast-enhanced sonography versus CT and MRI

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第11期12卷 1699-1705页

作者： Christoph F Dietrich Wolfgang Kratzer deike strobel Etienne Danse Robert Fessl Alfred Bunk Udo Vossas Karlheinz Hauenstein Wilhelm Koch Wolfgang Blank Matthijs Oudkerk Dietbert Hahn Christian Greis Department of Internal Medicine Ⅱ Johann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital 60590 FrankfurtGermany Department of Internal Medicine Ⅰ University Hospital Ulm 89070Germany Medical Clinic Ⅰ University Hospital Erlangen 91054Germany Department of Radiology University Hospital St.Luc Brussels 1200Belgium Department of Radiology Central Hospital Augsburg 86156Germany Department for Visceral Thoracic and Vascular Surgery University HospitalDresden 01307Germany Department of Radiology Marien Hospital DUsseldorf 40479Germany Department of Radiology University Hospital Rostock 18055Germany Medical Clinic Ⅱ Leopoldina Hospital Schweinfurt 97422Germany Department of Internal Medicine Hospital am Steinenberg Reutlingen 72764Germany Department of Radiology University Hospital Groningen 9700Netherlands Department of Radiology University Hospital Würzburg 97080Germany Clinical Research Bracco Altana Pharma Konstanz 78467Germany

AIM： To evaluate contrast-enhanced ultrasonography （CEUS） using SonoVue in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors versus the combined gold standard comprising CT, MRI and clinical/histological data. METHODS： It is an international multicenter study, and there were 12 centres and 125 patients （64 males, 61 females, aged 59 ± 11 years） involved, with 102 patients per protocol. Primary tumors were colorectal in 35%, breast in 27%, pancreatic in 17% and others in 21%. CEUS using SonoVue was employed with a Iow-mechanical-index technique and contrast-specific software using Siemens Elegra, Philips HDI 5000 and Acuson Sequoia; continuous scanning for at least five minutes. RESULTS： CEUS with SonoVue increased significantly the number of focal liver lesions detected versus unenhanced sonography. In 31.4% of the patients, more lesions were found after contrast enhancement. The total numbers of lesions detected were comparable with CEUS （55）, triple-phase spiral CT （61） and HRI with a liverspecific contrast agent （53）. Accuracy of detection of metastatic disease （i.e. at least one metastatic lesion） was significantly higher for CEUS （91.2%） than for unenhanced sonography （81.4%） and was similar to that of triple-phase spiral CT （89.2 %）. In 53 patients whose CEUS examination was negative, a follow-up examination 3-6 months later confirmed the absence of metastatic lesions in 50 patients （94.4%）. CONCLUSION： CEUS is proved to be reliable in the detection of liver metastases in patients with known extrahepatic primary tumors and suspected liver lesions.

关键词： CT MRI Metastasis Detection SonoVue

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