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Experimental and numerical investigation of liquid-solid binary fluidized beds： Radioactive particle tracking technique and dense discrete phase model simulations

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Particuology 2017年第4期15卷 112-122页

作者： Varsha j.in Lipika Kalo deepak Kumar Harish j. Pant Raj.sh K. Upadhyay Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Assam 781039 India Isotope Production and Applications Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Trombay Mumbai 400085 India

Liquid-solid binary fluidized beds are widely used in many industries. However, the flow behavior of such beds is not well understood due to the lack of accurate experimental and numerical data. In the current study, the behavior of monodisperse and binary liquid-solid fluidized beds of the same density but dif- ferent sizes is investigated using radioactive particle tracking （RPT） technique and a dense discrete phase model （DDPM）. Experiments and simulations are performed in monodisperse fluidized beds containing two different sizes of glass beads （0.6 and I mm） and a binary fluidized bed of the same particles for vari- ous bed compositions. The results show that both RPT and DDPM can predict the mixing and segregation pattern in liquid-solid binary fluidized beds. The mean velocity predictions of DDPM are in good agree- ment with the experimental findings for both monodisperse and binary fluidized beds. However, the axial root mean square velocity predictions are only reasonable for bigger particles. Particle-particle interac- tions are found to be critical for predicting the flow behavior of solids in liquid-solid binary fluidized beds.

关键词： Binary bed Liquid-solid flow Fluidized bed Radioactive particle tracking Dense discrete phase model

Liver-gut axis in the regulation of iron homeostasis

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2007年第35期13卷 4737-4745页

作者： deepak Darshan Gregory j.Anderson Iron Metabolism Laboratory The Queensland Institute of Medical ResearchBrisbaneAustralia

The human body requires about 1-2 mg of iron per day for its normal functioning, and dietary iron is the only source for this essential metal. Since humans do not possess a mechanism for the active excretion of iron, the amount of iron in the body is determined by the amount absorbed across the proximal small intestine and, consequently, intestinal iron absorption is a highly regulated process. In recent years, the liver has emerged as a central regulator of both iron absorption and iron release from other tissues. It achieves this by secreting a peptide hormone called hepcidin that acts on the small intestinal epithelium and other cells to limit iron delivery to the plasma. Hepcidin itself is regulated in response to various systemic stimuli including variations in body iron stores, the rate of erythropoiesis, inflammation and hypoxia, the same stimuli that have been known for many years to modulate iron absorption. This review will summarize recent findings on the role played by the liver and hepcidin in the regulation of body iron absorption.

关键词： Iron Homeostasis Intestinal iron absorption Liver Hepcidin

Changing spectrum of Budd-Chiari syndrome in India with special reference to non-surgical treatment

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2008年第2期14卷 278-285页

作者： deepak N Amarapurkar Sundeep j.Punamiya Nikhil D Patel Department of Gastroenterology Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre Mumbai India Department of Interventional Radiology Bombay Hospital and Medical Research Centre Mumbai India

AIM： To evaluate patterns of obstruction, etiological spectrum and non-surgical treatment in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome in India. METHODS： Forty-nine consecutive cases of Budd- Chiari syndrome （BCS） were prospectively evaluated. All patients with refractory ascites or deteriorating liver function were, depending on morphology of inferior vena cava （IVC） and/or hepatic vein （HV） obstruction, triaged for radiological intervention, in addition to anticoagulation therapy. Asymptomatic patients, patients with diuretic-responsive ascites and stable liver function, and patients unwilling for surgical intervention were treated symptomatically with anticoagulation. RESULTS： Mean duration of symptoms was 41.5 ± 11.2 （range = 1-240） too. HV thrombosis （HVT） was present in 29 （59.1%）, IVC thrombosis in eight （16.3%）, membranous obstruction of IVC in two （4%） and both IVC-HV thrombosis in 10 （20.4%） cases. Of 35 cases tested for hypercoagulability, 27 （77.1%） were positive for one or more hypercoagulable states. Radiological intervention was technically successful in 37/38 （97.3%）： IVC stenting in seven （18.9%）, IVC balloon angioplasty in two （5.4%）, combined IVC-HV stenting in two （5.4%）, HV stenting in 11 （29.7%）, transj.gular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt （TIPS） in 13 （35.1%） and combined TIPS-IVC stenting in two （5.4%）. Complications encountered in follow-up： death in five, re-stenosis of the stent in five （17.1%）, hepatic encephalopathy in two and hepatocellular carcinoma in one patient. Of nine patients treated medically, two showed complete resolution of HVT. CONCLUSION： IN our series, HVT was the predominant cause of BCS. In the last five years with the availability of sophisticated tests for hypercoagulability, etiologies were defined in 85.7% of cases. Non-surgical management was successful in most cases.

关键词： Budd-Chiari syndrome Interventional radiology Ascites Hepatic vein thrombosis Percutaneoustransluminal angioplasty Stent Transj.gular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt Thrombophilia

Performance evaluation of cement-stabilized pond ash-rice husk ashclay mixture as a highway construction material

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j.urnal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2017年第1期9卷 159-169页

作者： deepak Gupta Arvind Kumar Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology (NIT) Jalandhar India

This paper reports the results of an investigation carried out on clay soil stabilized with pond ash(PA),rice husk ash(RHA) and cement. Modified Proctor compaction tests were performed in order to investigate the compaction behavior of clay, and California bearing ratio(CBR) tests were performed to determine the strength characteristics of clay. For evaluation purpose, the specimens containing different amounts of admixtures were prepared. Clay was replaced with PA and RHA at a dosage of 30%e45% and5%e20%, respectively. The influence of stabilizer types and dosages on mechanical properties of clay was evaluated. In order to study the surface morphology and crystallization characteristics of the soil samples, scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analyses were carried out,respectively. The results obtained indicated a decrease in the maximum dry density(MDD) and a simultaneous increase in the optimum moisture content(OMC) with the addition of PA and *** linear regression analysis(MLRA) showed that the predicted values of CBR tests are in good agreement with the experimental values. Developed stabilized soil mixtures showed satisfactory strength and can be used for construction of embankments and stabilization of sub-grade soil. The use of locally available soils, PA, RHA, and cement in the production of stabilized soils for such applications can provide sustainability for the local construction industry.

关键词： California bearing ratio(CBR) Pond ash(PA) Rice husk ash(RHA) Optimum moisture content(OMC) Maximum dry density(MDD)

NMR relaxation and diffusion studies to probe the motional dynamics of risperidone within PLGA microsphere

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第2期3卷 197-205,I0005页

作者： deepak Kumar Samanwita Pal Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology JodhpurRajasthan342037.India Central Ayurveda Research Institute Kolkata CCRASBidhannagarKolkata700091India

The present study aims to investigate the motional dynamics of risperidone within polylactic co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microsphere by employing solution state'H and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)***,a second-generation fluorinated antipsychotic drug used for the treatment of schizophrenia is commercially marketed as PLGA microsphere formulation resulting in prolonged release of the drug in *** the current trend in the pharmaceutical market is to develop drug formulation with long-acting release(LAR)products,complete physicochemical characterization of such formulations are *** the effects of microsphere encapsulation on the motional properties and diffusion behavior of the drugs are not discussed adequately in any of the earlier *** therefore,have employed NMR relaxation and diffusion measurements to decipher the interaction of PLGA cavity water with risperidone.A detailed analysis of NMR relaxation rates confirmed the event of encapsulation and the presence of local motion in the non-fluorinated end of ***,the relaxation data indicated a significant alteration in 19F chemical shift anisotropy(CSA)and CSA/dipole-dipole(DD)cross-correlated relaxation mechanism and decreased effect of solvent relaxation pointing out reduced water concentration within the microsphere cavity.'H and 19F diffusion coefficients of risperidone led to the information about hydrodynamic radius of risperidone in free and encapsulated *** of hydrodynamic radius supported the presence of limited water in PLGA cavity allowing higher translational mobility of risperidone after the encapsulation.

关键词： Polylactic co-glycolic acid(PLGA)microsphere Motional dynamics 1H and 19F NMR Diffusion Hydrodynamic radius Cross-correlated relaxation

Exploration and insights into the cellular internalization and intracellular fate of amphiphilic polymeric nanocarriers

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第4期11卷 903-924页

作者： Samrat Mazumdar deepak Chitkara Anupama Mittal Department of Pharmacy Birla Institute of Technology and Science(BITS-PILANI)Rajasthan 333031India

The benefcial or deleterious effects of nanomedicines emerge from their complex interactions with intracellular pathways and their subcellular ***,the dynamic nature of plasma membrane accounts for the movement of these nanocarriers within the cell towards different organelles thereby not only infuencing their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties but also bioavailability,therapeutic effcacy and ***,an in-depth understanding of underlying parameters controlling nanocarrier endocytosis and intracellular fate is *** order to direct nanoparticles towards specifc sub-cellular organelles the physicochemical attributes of nanocarriers can be *** include particle size,shape and surface charge/*** the particle size of nanocarriers below 200 nm contributes to internalization via clathrin and caveolae mediated ***,a moderate negative surface potential confers endolysosomal escape and targeting towards mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum(ER)and *** review aims to provide an insight into these physicochemical attributes of nanocarriers fabricated using amphiphilic graft copolymers affecting cellular *** principles understood from experimental studies have been extrapolated to draw a general conclusion for the designing of optimized nanoparticulate drug delivery systems and enhanced intracellular uptake via specifc endocytic pathway.

关键词： Amphiphilic Copolymer Nanoparticles Internalization Intracellular fate

Experimental investigation and optimization of weld bead characteristics during submerged arc welding of AISI 1023 steel

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2019年第1期15卷 72-82页

作者： Ankush Choudhary Manoj.Kumar deepak Raj.ndra Unune Department of Mechanical-Mechatronics Engineering The LNM Institute of Information Technology

Submerged arc welding(SAW), owing to its high deposition rate and high welding quality, is widely used in the fabrication of pressure vessel, marine vessel, pipelines and offshore structures. However, selection of an optimum combination of welding parameters is critical in achieving high weld quality and productivity. In this work, initially, the SAW experiments were performed using fractional factorial design to analyze the effect of direct and indirect input parameters, namely, welding voltage, wire feed rate,welding speed, nozzle to plate distance, flux condition, and plate thickness on weld bead geometrical responses viz. bead width, reinforcement, and penetration. The bead on plate technique was used to deposit weld metal on AISI 1023 steel plates. The effect of SAW input parameters on response variables were analyzed using main and interaction effects. The linear regression was used to develop the mathematical models for the response variable. Then, the multi-obj.ctive optimization of input parameters was carried out using desirability approach, genetic algorithm and j.ya algorithm. The j.ya algorithm offered better optimization results as compared to desirability approach, genetic algorithm.

关键词： Submerged arc welding Optimization Regression Genetic algorithm j.ya algorithm

Gindarudine,a novel morphine alkaloid from Stephania glabra

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2009年第7期20卷 823-826页

作者： deepak Kumar Semwal Usha Rawat Department ofChemistry H.N.B.Garhwal University SrinagarUttarakhand 246174 India

A novel morphine alkaloid, named gindarudine 1 has been isolated from ethanol extract of Stephania glabra tubers, together with four known alkaloids, palmatine, dehydrocorydalmine, stepharanine, and 8-（4＇-methoxybenzyl）-xylopinine. Compound 1 was elucidated as 3,6-O,N-detrimethyl-10-hydroxy-l-methoxy-thebaine by means of spectroscopic data including 2D NMR studies. C 2009 deepak Kumar Semwal. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stephania glabra Menispermaceae Gindaru Gindarudine

Proximate Composition,Mineral Content and Fatty Acids Analyses of Aromatic and Non-Aromatic Indian Rice

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Rice science 2017年第1期24卷 21-31页

作者： deepak Kumar VERMA Prem Prakash SRIVASTAV Agricultural and Food Engineering Department Indian Institute of TechnologyKharagpur 721302India

Awareness on nutritive value and health benefits of rice is of vital importance in order to increase the consumption of rice in daily diet of the human beings. In this study, a total of six aromatic and two non-aromatic rice accessions grown in India were analysed for their nutritional quality attributes including proximate composition, mineral contents and fatty acids. Data with three replications were used to measure Pearson＇s simple correlation co-efficient in order to establish the relationship among various nutritional quality attributes. The result on proximate composition showed that Govind Bhog had the highest moisture（13.57%） and fat（0.92%） content, which signifies its tasty attribute. Badshah Bhog exhibited the highest fibre content（0.85%）, carbohydrate content（82.70%） and food energy（365.23 k Cal per 100 g）. Among the minerals, the higher Ca（98.75 mg/kg）, Zn（17.00 mg/kg） and Fe（31.50 mg/kg） were in Gopal Bhog, whereas the highest Na（68.85 mg/kg） was in Badshah Bhog, the highest K（500.00 mg/kg） was in Swetganga, Khushboo and Sarbati. The highest contents of unsaturated fatty acids viz. oleic acid（49.14%）, linoleic acid（46.99%） and linolenic acid（1.27%） were found in Sarbati, whereas the highest content of saturated fatty acids viz. myristic acid（4.60%） and palmitic acid（31.91%） were found in Govind Bhog and stearic acid（6.47%） in Todal. The identified aromatic rice accessions Gopal Bhog, Govind Bhog and Badshah Bhog and non-aromatic rice accession Sarbati were found nutritionally superior among all eight tested accessions. The nutritional quality oriented attributes in this study were competent with recognized prominent aromatic and non-aromatic rice accessions as an index of their nutritional worth and recommend to farmers and consumers which may be graded as export quality rice with good unique nutritional values in international market.

关键词： aromatic unsaturated nutritional proximate accession carbohydrate oleic vital competent attribute