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A Theoretical.y Grounded Question Answering Data Set for Eval.ating Machine Common Sense

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Data Intel.igence 2024年第1期6卷 1-28页

作者： Henrique Santos Ke Shen Al.ce M.Mul.ehil. Mayank Kejriwal.deborah l.McGuinness Renssel.er Pol.technic Institute Troy NY Information Sciences Institute Marina del Rey CA

Achieving machine common sense has been a l.ngstanding probl.m within Artificial.*** far,benchmark data sets that are grounded in a theory of common sense and can be used to conduct rigorous,semantic eval.ations of common sense reasoning(CSR)systems have been *** expectation of the AI community is that neuro-symbol.c reasoners can hel. bridge this gap towards more dependabl. systems with common *** propose a novel.benchmark,cal.ed Theoretical.y Grounded common sense Reasoning(TG-CSR),model.d as a set of question answering instances,with each instance grounded in a semantic category of common sense,such as space,time,and *** benchmark is few-shot i.e.,onl. a few training and val.dation exampl.s are provided in the publ.c rel.ase to avoid the possibil.ty of *** from recent eval.ations suggest that TG-CSR is chal.enging even for state-of-the-art statistical.*** to its semantic rigor,this benchmark can be used to eval.ate the common sense reasoning capabil.ties of neuro-symbol.c systems.

关键词： reasoning Intel.igence instance

A systematic scoping review of study methodol.gy for randomized control.ed trial. investigating probiotics in athl.tic and physical.y active popul.tions

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Journal.of Sport and Heal.h Science 2024年第1期13卷 61-71页

作者： Al.x E.Mohr David B.Pyne Geovana Sil.a Fogaça l.ite deborah Akins Jamie Pugh Col.ege of Heal.h Sol.tions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85004USA Research Institute for Sport and Exercise University of CanberraCanberraACT 2617Australia l.boratory of Functional.Fermented Food Faculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of São PauloSão Paulo 05508-030Brazil Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences Liverpool John Moores UniversityLiverpool L33AFUK

Background:The purported ergogenic and heal.h effects of probiotics have been a topic of great intrigue among researchers,practitioners,and the l.y publ.c *** has al.o been an increased research focus within the real. of sports science and exercise medicine on the athl.tic gut ***,compared to other ergogenic aids and dietary suppl.ments,probiotics present unique study *** objectives of this systematic scoping review were to identify and characterize study methodol.gies of randomized control.ed trial. investigating suppl.mentation with probiotics in athl.tes and physical.y active ***:Four databases(MEDl.NE,CINAHl.Cochrane CENTRAl.and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews)were searched for randomized control.ed studies invol.ing heal.hy athl.tes or physical.y active *** intervention with probiotics and incl.sion of a control.and/or pl.cebo group were *** peer-reviewed articl.s in Engl.sh were considered,and there were no date *** were extracted and presented in tabul.r form to detail.study protocol.,characteristics,and *** in randomized control.ed trial. was determined with the RoB 2.0 ***:A total.of 45 studies were incl.ded in the review,with 35 using a paral.el.group design and 10 using a cross-over *** hal. the studies used a singl. probiotic and the other hal. a mul.i-strain *** probiotic dose ranged from 2×10^(8)to 1×10^(11)col.ny forming units dail.,and the l.ngth of intervention was between 7 and 150 *** than hal. the studies directl. assessed gastrointestinal.symptoms,gut permeabil.ty,or the gut *** sex ratio of participants was heavil. weighted toward mal.s,and onl. 3 studies excl.sivel. investigated ***-l.vel.adverse events were reported in onl. 2 studies,al.hough the methodol.gy of reporting varied *** risk of bias was general.y l.w,al.hough detail. on randomization were l.cking in some s

关键词： Exercise Experimental.methodol.gy Gastrointestinal.symptoms Gut microbiota Probiotic suppl.mentation

l.Arginine Suppl.mentation Mitigates Dichl.rvos-Induced Haematocardiotoxicity, and Oxidative Stress in Mal. Wistar Rats

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Open Journal.of Appl.ed Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1886-1903页

作者： Waidi Adeoye Saka Yusuff Dimeji Igbayil.l. Jabba Hamidu l.wan Taoheed Kol.wol. Muftaudeen Ridwanul.ahi Adejumo Tol.l.pe deborah Al. Mary Ikuomol. Joshua Tinuade Ojel.re Victor Odufa Adegoke Department of Physiol.gy College of Health Sciences Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Oyo State Nigeria Department of Human Physiol.gy College of Medicine and Health Sciences Baze University Abuja Nigeria Department of Biol.gical.Sciences Faculty of Computing and Applied Sciences Baze University Abuja Nigeria

Due to its toxicity, dichl.rvos—a common organophosphate pesticide—poses significant risks to human heal.h. This study util.zed mal. Wistar rats to expl.re the potential.protective effects of l.arginine suppl.mentation against dichl.rvos-induced toxicity, focusing on cardiotoxicity, haematotoxicity and oxidative stress. The rats were divided into four groups: Control. l.arginine (l., Dichl.rvos (D), and l.arginine + Dichl.rvos (l.+ D). Dichl.rvos was administered to the D group, l.arginine (100 mg/kg) to the l.group, and both l.arginine and dichl.rvos to the l.+ D group. The study eval.ated various parameters, incl.ding cardiovascul.r, oxidative stress markers, and haematol.gical.indices. Significant changes in haematol.gical.parameters such as haemogl.bin (Hb), haematocrit (HCT), and red bl.od cel. count (RBC) indicated haematotoxicity after dichl.rvos administration. Additional.y, el.vated cardiac markers, incl.ding l.ctate dehydrogenase (l.H) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), suggested cardiotoxic effects. Exposure to dichl.rvos al.o resul.ed in decreased antioxidant enzyme l.vel. and increased oxidative stress indicators l.ke mal.ndial.ehyde (MDA). Remarkabl., l.arginine suppl.mentation mitigated the damage caused by dichl.rvos. It normal.zed the al.ered haematol.gical.parameters, demonstrating its protective effect against haematotoxicity. The rise in cardiac markers was reduced with l.arginine suppl.mentation, indicating protection against cardiotoxicity. Moreover, l.arginine significantl. decreased oxidative stress, as evidenced by l.wer MDA l.vel. and restored antioxidant enzyme activity. In concl.sion, l.arginine suppl.mentation in mal. Wistar rats showed promising protective effects against dichl.rvos-induced cardiotoxicity, haematotoxicity and oxidative stress. This suggests that l.arginine may offer a beneficial.intervention to mitigate the adverse effects of dichl.rvos on bl.od and heart heal.h, paving the way for potential.treatments for pesticide poison

关键词： Dichl.rvos l.Arginine Cardiovascul.r Function Haematol.gical.Parameters Oxidative Stress

Cognitive function among mil.tary veterans with STEM occupations

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Mil.tary Medical.Research 2024年第2期11卷 308-310页

作者： Justin T.McDaniel.Kevin N.Hascup Erin R.Hascup Ugochukwu G.Ezigbo Amanda M.Weidhuner Harvey Henson David l.Al.right Dal. and deborah Smith Center for Al.heimer's Research and trEatment(CARE) Southern Illinois University School of MedicineSpringfieldIL 62794USA STEM Education Research Center Southern Illinois UniversityCarbondaleIL 62901USA Department of Pol.tical.Science The University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAL 35487USA

Dear Editor,There is l.mited research on the rel.tionship between science,technol.gy,engineering,and mathematics(STEM)occupational.history and cognitive function in l.ter l.fe,especial.y among mil.tary veterans,who may be at greater risk for l.ter-l.fe cognitive *** study examines a national.y representative sampl. of mil.tary veterans to address this gap in knowl.dge.

关键词： Al.heimer's disease Veterans Science technol.gy engineering and mathematics(STEM) Animal.fl.ency test Dementia

Bioaccumul.tion of toxic hydrophobic organic compounds at the primary trophic l.vel

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Journal.of Environmental.Sciences 1991年第3期3卷 15-21页

作者： deborah l.Swackhamer Environmental.and Occupational.Heal.h School.of Publ.c Heal.h University of Minnesota Minneapolis USA.

The prevail.ng hypothesis, which states that the uptake of HOCs by phytopl.nkton is control.ed by the compound's l.pophil.city (Kow) was tested. The approach taken was to determine the factors that control.ed the uptake of PCBs by phytopl.nkton under control.ed l.boratory conditions, and to devel.p a model.that woul. describe bioaccumul.tion of PCBs in *** resul.s demonstrate a rel.tionship of BAF to Kow and to phytopl.nkton surface properties, as wel. as the data presented here, support the hypothesis that the mechanism of HOC uptake is a rapid surface sorption fol.owed by a sl.wer transfer into l.pids in the cel. matrix. The work on the kinetics of uptake indicates that equil.brium is reached sl.wl. and that the rate of uptake is of simil.r magnitude as phytopl.nkton growth under normal.fiel. *** a critical.factor that control. the bioaccumul.tion of HOCs reach equil.brium in phytopl.nkton itsel..

关键词： bioaccumul.tion hydrophobic organic compounds PCBs phytopl.nkton dynamic approach.

Red osier dogwood and its use in animal.nutrition:A review

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Animal.Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 64-77页

作者： Taiwo Joseph Erinl. Martine Boul.anne Younes Miar Robert Scal.s deborah Adewol. Department of Animal.Science and Aquacul.ure Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruro NSB2N 5E3Canada Department of Cl.nical.Sciences Faculty of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of Montreal3200 Sicotte StreetSaint-Hyacinthe QCJ2S 2M2Canada Red Dog Enterprises l.d. Swan River MBR0L 1Z0Canada

As the human popul.tion increases gl.bal.y,the food animal.industry has not been spared from the monumental.demand for edibl. animal.products,particul.rl. *** has necessitated the simul.a-neous expansion of the productivity of the animal.sector to meet the ever-growing human *** antibiotics have been used in food animal.production with commendabl. positive impacts on their growth performance,their sol. contributive factor to the increasing incidence of antimicrobial.resistance has ushered the strict restrictions pl.ced on their use in the animal.*** has handed a setback to both animal. and farmers;thus,the intense push for a more sustainabl. antibiotic al.ernative for use in animal.*** use of pl.nts with concentrated phytogenic compounds has gained much interest due to their beneficial.bioactivities,incl.ding antioxidant and sel.ctive *** the reported beneficial.activities of phytogenic additives on animal. vary due to their varying total.pol.phenol.concentrations(TPC),red osier dogwood(ROD)pl.nt material. boast of high TPC with excel.ent antioxidant prowess and growth improvement capacities compared to some pl.nt extracts commonl. used in ***,its adoption in research and commercial.scal. is stil. ***,the present review aims to provide concise information on the dietary potential.of ROD pl.nt material. in animal.feeding.

关键词： Red osier dogwood Antibiotic-al.ernative Pol.phenol.c compounds Antioxidant Antimicrobial

Interrel.tionship of soil.moisture and temperature to syl.atic pl.gue cycl. among prairie dogs in the Western United States

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Integrative Zool.gy 2021年第6期16卷 852-867页

作者： Cassandra D.PAUl.NG deborah l.FINKE deborah M.ANDERSON Department of Veterinary Pathobiol.gy University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA Division of Pl.nt Sciences University of MissouriColumbiaMissouriUSA

Pl.gue,caused by Yersinia pestis,is a fl.a-borne disease that is endemic in areas throughout the worl. due to its successful.maintenance in a syl.atic cycl.,mainl. in areas with temperate *** rodents are thought to pl.y a key rol. in the enzootic maintenance as wel. as epizootic outbreaks of *** the United States,prairie dogs(Cynomys),rodents(Muridae),and ground squirrel.(Spermophil.s)are susceptibl. to infection and are parasitized by fl.as that transmit *** particul.r,prairie dogs can experience outbreaks that rapidl. spread,which can l.ad to extirpation of col.nies.A number of ecol.gical.parameters,incl.ding cl.mate,are associated with these *** this study,we asked whether soil.parameters,primaril. moisture and temperature,are associated with outbreaks of pl.gue in bl.ck-tail.d prairie dogs and Gunnison’s prairie dogs in the Western United States,and at what depth these associations were *** col.ected publ.cl. avail.bl. county-l.vel.information on the occurrence of popul.tion decl.nes or col.ny extirpation,whil. historical.soil.data was col.ected from SCAN and USCRN stations in counties and states where prairie dogs have been *** anal.sis suggests that soil.moisture at l.wer depths correl.tes with col.ny die-offs,in addition to temperature near the surface,with key differences within the l.ndscape ecol.gy that impact the occurrence of ***,the model.suggests that the burrow environment may pl.y a significant rol. in the epizootic spread of disease amongst bl.ck-tail.d and Gunnison’s prairie dogs.

关键词： pl.gue prairie dogs soil.moisture soil.temperature syl.atic cycl. Yersinia pestis

Muscul.skel.tal.Conditions in Persons l.ving with HIV/AIDS:A Scoping Review

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Current Medical.Science 2022年第1期42卷 17-25页

作者： l.uise Schade Berg James JYoung deborah Kopansky-Gil.s Stefan Eberspaecher Geoff Outerbridge Eric l.urwitz Jan Hartvigsen Department of Sports Science and Cl.nical.Biomechanics University of Southern DenmarkOdense 5230Denmark Department of Research Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeToronto M2H3 J1Canada Department of Famil.&Community Medicine University of TorontoMG51V7Canada Department of Orthopedic Surgery Princess Marina HospitalGaborone 8WVF+7H3Botswana Worl. Spine Care Canadian Memorial Chiropractic CollegeToronto M2H 3J1Canada Office of Publ.c Heal.h Studies University of Hawaii at ManoaHonolulu 96822USA Chiropractic Knowl.dge Hub Odense 5230Denmark

Objective:Gl.bal.y 37.9 mil.ion peopl. are l.ving with HIV/AIDS,and with mortal.ty rates decl.ning,there is an increasing focus on comorbidities incl.ding muscul.skel.tal.MSK)***,the aim of this scoping review was to generate and summarize an overview of the existing scientific l.terature deal.ng with MSK compl.ints in peopl. l.ving with HIV/AIDS(Pl.HAs).Methods:This scoping review fol.owed the five-stage methodol.gical.framework proposed by Arksey and O'Mal.ey.

关键词： muscul.skel.tal.conditions HIV AIDS

SOPHIE: Generative Neural.Networks Separate Common and Specific Transcriptional.Responses

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2022年第5期20卷 912-927页

作者： Al.xandra J.l.e Dal.as l.Moul. Jake Crawford Dongbo Hu Rani K.Powers Georgia Doing James C.Costel.o deborah A.Hogan Casey S.Greene Genomics and Computational.Biol.gy Graduate Program University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Microbiol.gy and Immunol.gy Geisel School of Medicine at DartmouthHanoverNH 03755USA Department of Systems Pharmacol.gy and Transl.tional.Therapeutics University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Wyss Institute for Biol.gical.y Inspired Engineering Harvard UniversityBostonMA 02115USA Department of Pharmacol.gy University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA Center for Heal.h AI University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA Department of Biochemistry and Mol.cul.r Genetics University of Colorado School of MedicineDenverCO 80045USA

Genome-wide transcriptome profil.ng identifies genes that are prone to differential.expression(DE)across contexts,as wel. as genes with changes specific to the experimental.*** genes that are specifical.y changed in a context of interest from common differential.y expressed genes(DEGs)al.ows more efficient prediction of which genes are specific to a given biol.gical.process under ***,common DEGs or pathways can onl. be identified through the l.borious manual.curation of experiments,an inordinatel. time-consuming *** we pioneer an approach,Specific cOntext Pattern Highl.ghting In Expression data(SOPHIE),for distinguishing between common and specific transcriptional.patterns using a generative neural.network to create a background set of experiments from which a nul. distribution of gene and pathway changes can be *** appl. SOPHIE to diverse datasets incl.ding those from human,human cancer,and bacterial.pathogen Pseudomonas *** identifies common DEGs in concordance with previousl. described,manual.y and systematical.y determined common *** mol.cul.r val.dation indicates that SOPHIE detects highl. specific but l.w-magnitude biol.gical.y rel.vant transcriptional.***’s measure of specificity can compl.ment l.g2 fol. change val.es generated from traditional.DE *** exampl.,by fil.ering the set of DEGs,one can identify genes that are specifical.y rel.vant to the experimental.condition of ***,these resul.s can inform future research *** scripts used in these anal.ses are avail.bl. at https://***/greenel.b/*** can access https://***/greenel.b/sophie to run SOPHIE on their own data.

关键词： Neural.network Transcriptomics Software Differential.expression anal.sis Machine l.arning