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Online single particle analysis of chemical composition and mixing state of crop straw burning particles： from laboratory study to field measurement

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016年第2期10卷 244-252页

作者： Juntao HUO Xiaohui LU Xinning WANG Hong CHEN Xingnan YE Song Gao deborah S. Gross Jianmin CHEN Xin YANG Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China Division of Math Science and Technology Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale FL 33314 USA Department of Chemistry Carleton College Northfield MN 55057 USA Fudan-Tyndall Center Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China

Fresh straw burning （SB） particles were generated in the laboratory by the combustion of rice straw and corn straw. The chemical composition and mixing state of the fresh SB particles were investigated by an Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer （ATOFMS）. Based on the mass spectral patterns, the SB particles were clustered into four major types： Salt, Organic Carbon （OC）, Elemental Carbon （EC）, and internally mixed particles of EC and OC （EC-OC）. In addition, particles containing ash, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, heavy metals or nicotine were also observed. Physical and chemical changes of the SB particles immediately after the emission were analyzed with highly time-resolved data. During the aging processes, the average particle size increased steadily. Freshly emitted organic compounds were gradu- ally oxidized to more oxygenated compounds in the OC- containing particles. Meanwhile, an important displace- ment reaction （2KCI＋ SO24- KzSO4 ＋ 2C1-） was observed. The marker ions for SB particles were optimized and applied to identify the SB particles in the ambient atmosphere. The fluctuation of the number fraction of ambient SB particles sorted by ATOFMS agrees well with that of water soluble K＋ measured by an online ion chromatography, demonstrating that the optimized marker ions could be good tracers for SB particles in field measurements.

关键词： crop straw burning particles mixing state,aging process ATOFMS ion markers

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转基因作物和食品安全

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华中农业大学学报 2014年第6期33卷 1-9页

作者： deborah Delmer 高亮美国加利福尼亚大学戴维斯分校华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室

2050年全球人口将高达90亿,为了养活每一个人,就必须有效地运用每一项技术使粮食增产。毫无疑问,转基因作物很可能是可以达到全球粮食安全的技术之一,而且也会起到积极的作用。尽管目前针对转基因的虚假言论很多,但我们可以明确地表示,... 详细信息

2050年全球人口将高达90亿,为了养活每一个人,就必须有效地运用每一项技术使粮食增产。毫无疑问,转基因作物很可能是可以达到全球粮食安全的技术之一,而且也会起到积极的作用。尽管目前针对转基因的虚假言论很多,但我们可以明确地表示,转基因作物对于人和动物来说是安全的。目前大规模种植的抗除草剂和抗虫的转基因作物,只要在合适的环境中进行,对小型或大型的农业发展都是有益的,同时也有助于粮食安全。如果将抗旱、氮高效利用、抗病以及改良营养成分的优质基因在原生质体中表达后再进行育种,将转基因技术与常规育种策略相结合,将会相互促进、相互发展。放眼未来,发展中国家需要制定出合理的监管制度来推动有益的转基因作物,而不是停留在无休止的田间试验阶段。基因组编辑等新技术能使我们对基因组特定区域进行精准、安全的改造,因此,这项技术应获得更为宽松的监管环境。

关键词：转基因作物食品安全基因组编辑发展中国家农业

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Oral mucosal lipids are antibacterial against Porphyromonas gingivalis, induce ultrastructural damage, and alter bacterial lipid and protein compositions

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International Journal of Oral Science 2013年第3期5卷 130-140页

作者： Carol L Fischer Katherine S Walters David r Drake deborah V Dawson Derek r Blanchette Kim A Brogden Philip W Wertz Dows Institute for Dental research College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Central Microscopy research Facility College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Endodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Pediatric Dentistry College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Periodontics College of Dentistry The University of Iowa Department of Oral Pathology Radiology & Medicine College of Dentistry The University of Iowa

Oral mucosal and salivary lipids exhibit potent antimicrobial activity for a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria;however,little is known about their spectrum of antimicrobial activity or mechanisms of action against oral *** this study,we examine the activity of two fatty acids and three sphingoid bases against Porphyromonas gingivalis,an important colonizer of the oral cavity implicated in *** inhibitory concentrations,minimal bactericidal concentrations,and kill kinetics revealed variable,but potent,activity of oral mucosal and salivary lipids against ***,indicating that lipid structure may be an important determinant in lipid mechanisms of activity against bacteria,although specific components of bacterial membranes are also likely *** micrographs showed ultrastructural damage induced by sapienic acid and phytosphingosine and confirmed disruption of the bacterial plasma *** information,coupled with the association of treatment lipids with *** lipids revealed via thin layer chromatography,suggests that the plasma membrane is a likely target of lipid antibacterial *** a combination of two-dimensional in-gel electrophoresis and Western blot followed by mass spectroscopy and N-terminus degradation sequencing we also show that treatment with sapienic acid induces upregulation of a set of proteins comprising a unique *** stress response,including proteins important in fatty acid biosynthesis,metabolism and energy production,protein processing,cell adhesion and *** or therapeutic lipid treatments may be beneficial for intervention of infection by supplementing the natural immune function of endogenous lipids on mucosal surfaces.

关键词： antimicrobial lipid fatty acid Porphyromonasgingivalis sphingoid base sphingolipid ultrastructure

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Vegetative propagation of Apuleia leiocarpa(Vogel)***

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Journal of Forestry research 2022年第2期33卷 455-462页

作者： JoséGabriel de Souza Silva Diêgo Faustolo Alves Bispo David Pessanha Siqueira Giovanna Campos Mamede Weiss de Carvalho deborah Guerra Barroso Laboratório de Fitotecnia Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy RibeiroAvenida Alberto LamegoCampos dos GoytacazesRJ 2000Brazil

Apuleia leiocarpa is an environmentally and economically significant Atlantic Forest species threat-ened by ongoing *** vegetative propagation of the species could be a step forward to enable implanta-tion of clonal seed orchards and multiplication of selected trees but remains unknown to *** study assessed the mini-cutting technique for propagation of *** and determined the time required for rooting and viable mini-cutting type and *** results show that it is possible to propagate *** with mini-cuttings derived from mini-stumps produced with seeds;the mini-stumps pre-sented regrowth capacity and remained constantly produc-tive for 1 year;10-cm *** mini-cuttings should remain under misting conditions for at least 40 days,and the vegetative propagation of *** with intermediate 7-to 10-cm mini-cuttings resulted in more vigorous clonal seedlings than smaller mini-cuttings.

关键词： Mini-cutting Tropical woody species Adventitious rooting Fabaceae

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Pancreaticoduodenectomy in the Middle East: Achieving optimal results through specialization and standardization

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2019年第5期18卷 478-483页

作者： Walid Faraj Hussein Nassar Ahmad Zaghal deborah Mukherji Ali Shamseddine Mariam Kanso rola F. Jaafar Mohamad Khalife Liver Transplantation and Hepatopancreaticobiliary Surgery Department of General SurgeryAmerican University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon Department of Oncology American University of Beirut Medical CenterBeirutLebanon

Background: Pancreaticoduodenectomy is a challenging surgical intervention that remains the cornerstone in the treatment of localized peri-ampullary pathologies. The concept of treatment standardization has been well-established in many high-volume centers in the world. Here, we present our experience in pancreaticoduodenectomy from 1994 to 2015. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the medical charts of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at our institution. Data was entered to SPSS statistical software and analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U and Fisher’s exact tests were used to report statistical differences between groups. results: Of the 370 patients who underwent pacreaticoduodenectomy, 300 were analyzed. The 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 85%, 35%, 15%, and 7%, respectively with a 30-day mortality rate of 5.0%(15 patients). The median age of the patients was 61 (13-84) years, with 193 (64.3%) males and 107 (35.7%) females. The median operative time was 300 (130-570) min. The median postoperative length of hospital stay was 12 (5-76) days. Thirty-two patients required re-laparotomies;10 for pancreatic leak, 7 for biliary leak and 15 for control of bleeding. Seventy-five (25.0%) patients developed pancreatic fistulae. Delayed gastric emptying was present in 31 (10.3%) patients. A significant improvement in surgical outcome was observed in cases done after 2008 which indicates the important role of specialized team in surgical management. Conclusions: The number of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy has been increasing annually over the past twenty-two years in our institution with results comparable to published series from high-volume centers. Through standardization of surgical techniques and perioperative management carried out by a specialist team, our results continue to improve despite the increasing complexity of cases referred to our unit.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Pancreaticoduodenectomy Middle East

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Enriching plant diversity in grasslands by large-scale experimental sward disturbance and seed addition along gradients of land-use intensity

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 581-591页

作者： Valentin H.Klaus deborah Schäfer Till Kleinebecker Markus Fischer Daniel Prati Norbert Hölzel Institute of Landscape Ecology Münster UniversityHeisenbergstr.248149 MünsterGermany Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 213013 BernSwitzerland

Aims The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is among the most active areas of ecological ***,enhancing the diversity of degraded ecosystems is a major goal in applied restoration *** grasslands,many species may be locally absent due to dispersal or microsite limitation and may therefore profit from mechanical disturbance of the resident *** established a seed addition and disturbance experiment across several grassland sites of different land use to test whether plant diversity can be increased in these ***,the experiment will allow us testing the consequences of increased plant diversity for ecosystem processes and for the diversity of other taxa in real-world ***,we present details of the experimen-tal design and report results from the first vegetation survey 1 year after disturbance and seed ***,we tested whether the effects of seed addition and disturbance varied among grassland depending on their land use or pre-disturbance plant *** A full-factorial experiment was installed in 73 grasslands in three regions across *** were under regular agricul-tural use,but varied in the type and the intensity of management,thereby representing the range of management typical for large parts of Central *** disturbance treatment consisted of disturbing the top 10 cm of the sward using a rotavator or rotary *** addition consisted of sowing a high-diversity seed mixture of regional plant *** species were all regionally present,but often locally absent,depending on the resident vegetation composi-tion and richness of each *** Findings Seven months after sward disturbance,respective plots had significantly increased in bare soil,seedling species richness and number of *** addition had increased plant species richness,but only in combination with sward *** increase in species richness

关键词： grassland restoration germination microsite limitation seed limitation fertilization

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DON＇T THrOW AWAY YOU IDENTITY

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空中英语教室（高级版．彭蒙惠英语） 2013年第2期 24-25,43,44页

作者： deborah Netburn

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Joining the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) round 2

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国际贸易法论丛 2014年第1期 132-138页

作者： deborah Kay Elms Temasek Foundation Centre for Trade & Negotiations (TFCTN) S. rajaratnam School of International Studies Nanyang Technological University

Getting the Deal Done with the TPP12The Trans-Pacific Partnership(TPP)trade negotiations are currently nearing completion with twelve countries:Australia,Brunei,Canada,Chile,Japan,Malaysia,Mexico,New Zealand,Peru,Sing... 详细信息

关键词： Trans-Pacific commitments agreement

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Why is malaria associated with poverty? Findings from a cohort study in rural Uganda

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2016年第1期5卷 715-725页

作者： Lucy S.Tusting John rek Emmanuel Arinaitwe Sarah G.Staedke Moses r.Kamya Jorge Cano Christian Bottomley deborah Johnston Grant Dorsey Steve W.Lindsay Jo Lines Department of Disease Control London School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineLondonUK Big Data Institute Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK Infectious Diseases research Collaboration KampalaUganda Department of Clinical research London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health SciencesKampalaUganda MrC Tropical Epidemiology Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUK Department of Economics SOASUniversity of LondonLondonUK Department of Medicine University of CaliforniaSan FranciscoUSA School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham UniversityDurhamUK

Background:Malaria control and sustainable development are linked,but implementation of‘multisectoral’intervention is restricted by a limited understanding of the causal pathways between poverty and *** investigated the relationships between socioeconomic position(SEP),potential determinants of SEP,and malaria in Nagongera,rural ***:Socioeconomic information was collected for 318 children aged six months to 10 years living in 100 households,who were followed for up to 36 *** density was recorded using monthly light trap *** prevalence was measured routinely every three months and malaria incidence determined by passive case ***,we evaluated the association between success in smallholder agriculture(the primary livelihood source)and ***,we explored socioeconomic risk factors for human biting rate(HBr),parasite prevalence and incidence of clinical malaria,and spatial clustering of socioeconomic ***,we investigated the role of selected factors in mediating the association between SEP and ***:relative agricultural success was associated with higher *** turn,high SEP was associated with lower HBr(highest versus lowest wealth index tertile:Incidence rate ratio 0.71,95%confidence intervals(CI)0.54–0.93,P=0.01)and lower odds of malaria infection in children(highest versus lowest wealth index tertile:adjusted Odds ratio 0.52,95%CI 0.35–0.78,P=0.001),but SEP was not associated with clinical malaria *** analysis suggested that part of the total effect of SEP on malaria infection risk was explained by house type(24.9%,95%CI 15.8–58.6%)and food security(18.6%,95%CI 11.6–48.3%);however,the assumptions of the mediation analysis may not have been fully ***:Housing improvements and agricultural development interventions to reduce poverty merit further investigation as multisectoral interventions against *** interdisplinary research is needed to understa

关键词： Malaria Socioeconomic Poverty Development Housing Wealth index Uganda

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rrog-Sleep

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英语沙龙（高中） 2015年第12期 36-39,61页

作者： deborah walker

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