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Rodent management in Aotearoa New Zealand: approaches and challenges to landscape-scale control

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第1期19卷 8-26页

作者： j.hn G.INNES Grant NORBURY Araceli SAMANIEGO Susan WALKER deborah j.WILSON Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research HamiltonNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AlexandraNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research AucklandNew Zealand Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research DunedinNew Zealand

Aotearoa—New Zealand has only four rodent species,all *** order of arrival,they are Pacific rat Rattus exulans,brown rat ***,house mouse Mus musculus,and black rat *** management in New Zealand aims mainly to conserve indigenous biodiversity rather than to protect crops or manage diseases,as is usual *** describe four maj.r“regimes”and one maj.r vision for rodent control in New Zealand to meet ecological restoration *** challenges for island eradications are for large islands that are remote or populated by *** 1080 is the only large-scale(tens of thousands of hectares)option for black rat control,but its application requires adj.stment to counter subsequent rapid black rat ***“ecosanctuaries”(mean 720 ha)use ground-based traps and poisons to target mainly black rats and face constant *** with mammal-resistant fences(up to 3500 ha)limit reinvasion and target more pest species and have enabled the return of previously extirpated taxa to the main *** Free 2050 aims to eradicate the rat species(but not mice)plus some other introduced mammals from New Zealand by *** vision is not attainable with current tools,but research and experimental management is exploring techniques and *** large scale(to 100000 ha)at which black rats are now targeted for control to extremely low abundance seems to be unique to New Zealand.

关键词： black rat brown rat eradication house mouse rodent control

Effects of pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on reared black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)

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Insect Science 2024年第3期31卷 817-834页

作者： Nathan Meij.r Lisa Zoet Theo de Rij. Paul Zomer deborah Rj.ers H.j.van der Fels-Klerx j.op j.A.van Loon Wageningen Food Safety Research(WFSR) Part of Wageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands Bestico B.V. Industrieweg 6Berkel en RodenrjsThe Netherlands Plant Sciences Group Laboratory of EntomologyWageningen UniversityWageningenTheNetherlands

Black soldier fly larvae(Hermetia illucens)receive growing interest as a potential alternative animal feed *** insects may be exposed to insecticide residues in the rearing *** study aimed to investigate the effects of six different pyrethroid and organophosphate insecticides on this insect species'*** toxicity of two"model"substances for each of these classes(cypermethrin;pirimiphosmethyl)was quantified,with and without the synergist piperonyl butoxide(PBO).Critical effect doses corresponding to 10%yield(CED10)for cypermethrin(0.4 mg/kg)and pirimiphos-methyl(4.8 mg/kg)were *** addition of PBO to cypermethrin enhanced its relative potency with a factor *** data were compared against the relative toxicity of two analogue substances in each class(permethrin,deltamethrin;chlorpyrifosmethyl,malathion).Results suggest that exposure to concentrations complying with legal limits can cause significant reductions in *** to multiple substances at lower concentrations resulted in negative additive and synergistic *** the tested substances,deltamethrin was most toxic,causing 94%yield at 0.5 mg/*** results suggested that transfer of tested substances to the larval biomass was substance-and concentration-specific,but appeared to be correlated to reduced yields and the presence of *** of organophosphates was overall low(j.sting legally allowed maximum residue levels in insect feed.

关键词： feed insects pesticides rearing substrate

Transcriptional regulation of secretory capacity by bZip transcription factors

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Frontiers in Biology 2015年第1期10卷 28-51页

作者： Rebecca M. FOX deborah j. ANDREW The Department of Cell Biology The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD 21205 USA

Cells of specialized secretory organs expand their secretory pathways to accommodate the increased protein load necessary for their function. The endoplasmic reticulum （ER）, the Golgi apparatus and the secretory vesicles, expand not only the membrane components but also the protein machinery required for increased protein production and transport. Increased protein load causes an ER stress response akin to the Unfolded Protein Response （UPR）. Recent work has implicated several bZip transcription factors in the regulation of protein components of the early secretory pathway necessary to alleviate this stress. Here, we highlight eight bZip transcription factors in regulating secretory pathway component genes. These include components of the three canonical branches of the UPR-ATF4, XBP1, and ATF6, as well as the five members of the Creb3 family of transcription factors. We review findings from both invertebrate and vertebrate model systems suggesting that all of these proteins increase secretory capacity in response to increased protein load. Finally, we propose that the Creb3 family of factors may have a dual role in secretory cell differentiation by also regulating the pathways necessary for cell cycle exit during terminal differentiation.

关键词： bZip transcription factors endoplasmic reticulum Golgi secretion secretory capacity secretory vesicles

Evidence for the Role Evolutionary Increase Yield in Cotton of Transfer Cells in the in Seed and Fiber Biomass

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Molecular Plant 2010年第6期3卷 1075-1086页

作者： deborah A. Pugh Christina E. Offler Mark j. Talbot Yong-Ling Ruan School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement University of Newcastle Callaghan NSW 2308 Australia CSIRO Plant Industry Canberra ACT 2601 Australia

Transfer cells （TCs） are specialized cells exhibiting invaginated wall ingrowths （Wls）, thereby amplifying their plasma membrane surface area （PMSA） and hence the capacity to transport nutrients. However, it remains unknown as to whether TCs play a role in biomass yield increase during evolution or domestication. Here, we examine this issue from a comparative evolutionary perspective. The cultivated tetraploid AD genome species of cotton and its A and D genome diploid progenitors displayed high, medium, and low seed and fiber biomass yield, respectively. In all three species, cells of the innermost layer of the seed coat j.xtaposed to the filial tissues trans-differentiated to a TC morphology. Electron microscopic analyses revealed that these TCs are characterized by sequential formation of flange and reticulate Wls during the phase of rapid increase in seed biomass. Significantly, TCs from the tetraploid species developed substantially more flange and reticulate Wls and exhibited a higher degree of reticulate WI formation than their progenitors. Consequently, the estimated PMSA of TCs of the tetraploid species was about 4 and 70 times higher than that of TCs of the A and D genome progenitors, respectively, which correlates positively with seed and fiber biomass yield. Further, TCs with extensive Wls in the tetraploid species had much stronger expression of sucrose synthase, a key enzyme involved in TC Wl formation and function, than those from the A and D progenitors. The analyses provide a set of novel evidence that the development of TC Wls may play an important role in the increase of seed and fiber biomass yield through polyploidization during evolution.

关键词： Callose cell wall cellulose cotton fiber evolution polyploidization seed development sucrose synthase transfer cell.

Fruit pomacesdtheir nutrient and bioactive components,effects on growth and health of poultry species,and possible optimization techniques

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第2期9卷 357-377页

作者： Taiwo j.Erinle deborah I.Adewole Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture Faculty of AgricultureDalhousie UniversityTruroNS B2N 5E3 Canada

The ever-growing human population,coupled with the exigent need to meet the increasing demand for poultry meat and egg,has put the onus on poultry nutritionists and farmers to identify alternative feed ingredients that could assure the least-cost feed *** addition,the public desire for nonantibiotic-treated poultry products has also necessitated the ultimate search for potent antibiotic alternatives for use in poultry *** some identified alternatives are promising,their cost implications and technical know-how requirements may discourage their ease of adoption in *** use of plants and/or their by-products,like fruit pomaces,present a pocket-friendly advantage and as a result,are gaining much *** is traceable to their rich phytochemical profile,nutritional composition,ready availability,and relatively cheap *** fruit j.ice and wine pressing industries generate a plethora of fruit wastes ***,fruit pomaces contain appreciable dietary fibre,protein,and phenolic compounds,and thus,their adoption could serve the poultry industry in dual capacities including as substitutes to antibiotics and some conventional ***,there is a possibility to reduce fruit wastes produced and feed-cost in poultry farming from environmental and economical standpoints,*** review seeks to provide reinforcing evidence on the applicability and impact of fruit pomaces in poultry nutrition.

关键词： Fruit pomaces Antioxidant Growth performance Gut health Poultry

Life cycle and morphology of development stages of Physocephalus dromedarii (Nematoda: Spirocercidae)

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Asian Pacific j.urnal of Tropical Biomedicine 2016年第10期6卷 825-829页

作者： Rolf Karl schuster Saritha Sivakumar j.rg Kinne Central Veterinary Research Laboratory

Obj.ctive: To study the development of Physocephalus dromedarii(P. dromedarii) in the final ***: For this, 5 adult dromedaries were orally infected with third larval stages of P. dromedarii obtained from naturally infected scarab beetles(Scarabaeus cristatus). The camels were necropsied 14, 42, 70, 84 and 280 days after infection and their abomasi were examined for the presence of ***: Early 4th stage larva occurred already 2 weeks after infection. They were still in the sheet of the 3rd stage larva. Six weeks after infection, the nematodes became j.venile male and female adults measuring 9 and 10 mm, respectively. Their size doubled at 10 weeks post infection and patency was reached at 12 weeks. P. dromedarii was still present in the camel that was examined 40 weeks after ***: As a result of experimental infection of the natural host, the determined prepatent period of P. dromedarii equalled 12 weeks.

关键词： Physocephalus dromedarii Nematoda Life cycle Dromedary Abomasum

Maj.r concerns and issues in burn survivors in Australia

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Burns & Trauma 2014年第2期2卷 84-87页

作者： deborah j.Dowda Frank Li Burns Unit Concord Repatriation General Hospital Sydney Australia

Burninj.ry significantly impacts the victim's long-term quality of life, both physical y and psychosocial y. This prospective, observational study aimed to assess the physical and psychological health status in adult burn survivors in Sydney Australia using the Burns Specific Health Scale-Brief Version (BSHS-B) questionnaire, together with analysis of the baseline demographic data col ected from medical records. A total of 24 adult acute burn victims admitted consecutively to the Burns Unit at Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, Australia between March 2007 and February 2009 fulfil ed the inclusion criteria and participated in the study. The BSHS-B questionnaire (which includes nine domains or subscales) was administered to al 24 participants in person at time of discharge and by mail 6, 12, and 24 months post discharge. By 12 months, 11 participants dropped out and the final analysis was performed on the remaining 13 participants. The analyzed results showed that: 1) Perceived return to work was the only variable that continued to change with time at 12 months after discharge (P j.ry victims and families, it is essential that therapists be aware of the factors influencing return to work and address these factors through a comprehensive rehabilitation program.

关键词： Burns domains burn specific health scale return to work

Saving One Smile at a Time: Oral Health Promotion in Pediatric Primary Care Practice

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Open j.urnal of Nursing 2014年第6期4卷 402-408页

作者： deborah j. Mattheus Charl Mattheus University of Florida Gainesville USA

Oral health continues to be a maj.r issue affecting children these days. Early childhood caries are considered to be the most common chronic childhood disease in the United States. Despite the availability of Medicaid, millions of children can still not access a dental provider to receive proper care. Getting children in for dental care early in their lives saves money. Children that do not receive proper oral health care during their childhood are at higher risk for more complex and restorative care as they age. Plans to reduce childhood caries include more creative interventions such as oral assessment, education and fluoride varnish application in primary care practices. Pediatric primary care providers are trusted by parents to care for their children and have an ideal opportunity to make a lasting impression and create behavioral changes in oral health during their frequent contacts with children and families. Integrating oral health promotion is a simple task with numerous benefits for children and families, as well as primary care doctors’ offices. With proper professional and governmental support oral health promotion programs in primary care practice can further increase in number which can ultimately improve oral health outcomes, save time and prevent costly dental repairs, as well as benefit the practice through proper reimbursement.

关键词： Early Childhood Caries Oral Health Promotion Primary Care Practice

Portal vein ligation accelerates tumor growth in ligated,but not contralateral lobes

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World j.urnal of Gastroenterology 2010年第30期16卷 3816-3826页

作者： Nozomu Sakai Callisia N Clarke Rebecca schuster j.hn Blanchard Amit D Tevar Michael j.Edwards Alex B Lentsch Department of Surgery University of Cincinnati231 Albert Sabin WayCincinnatiOH 45267-0558United States

AIM: To investigate the mechanisms of liver growth and atrophy after portal vein ligation (PVL) and its effects on tumor growth. METHODS: Mice were subj.cted to PVL, partial hepatectomy, or sham surgery. The morphological alterations, activation of transcription factors, and expression of cytokines and growth factors involved in liver regeneration were evaluated. In a separate set of experiments, murine colorectal carcinoma cells were inj.cted via the portal vein and the effect of each operation on liver tumor growth was studied. RESULTS: Liver regeneration after PVL and partial hepatectomy were very similar. In ligated lobes, various cytokines, transcription factors and regulatory factors were signifi cantly upregulated compared to nonligated lobes after PVL. Atrophy in ligated lobes was a result of early necrosis followed by later apoptosis. Tumor growth was signifi cantly accelerated in ligated compared to non-ligated ***: Tumor growth was accelerated in ligated liver lobes and appeared to be a result of increased growth factor expression.

关键词： Portal vein ligation Tumor growth Growth factor Atrophy Apoptosis