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Autophagy in neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 951-952页

作者： Chinmoy sarkar Marta M.Lipinski Shock Trauma and Anesthesiology Research(STAR)CenterDepartment of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology University of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMDUSA

Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is an acquired injury of the brain caused by the impact of external forces on the brain(Maas et al.,2008).It is a major cause of death and disability among people of all ages(Maas et al.,2008).The primary mechanical injury to the brain initiates a cascade of secondary biochemical events that lead to acute and chronic neurodegeneration and activation of inflammatory pathways(Maas et al.,2008).Both brain-resident microglia and blood-derived myeloid cells-macrophages and monocytes that infiltrate the brain due to injury-induced blood-brain barrier damage,contribute to the inflammatory responses after TBI(Morganti et al.,2015).

关键词： damage death after

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Two-dimensional magnetic materials for spintronic applications

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Nano Research 2024年第2期17卷 743-762页

作者： Shivam N.Kajale Jad Hanna Kyuho Jang Deblina sarkar MIT Media Lab Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH ZürichZürich8092Switzerland

Spintronic devices are driving new paradigms of bio-inspired,energy efficient computation like neuromorphic stochastic computing and in-memory *** have also emerged as key candidates for non-volatile memories for embedded systems as well as alternatives to persistent *** meet the growing demands from such diverse applications,there is need for innovation in materials and device designs which can be scaled and adapted according to the ***-dimensional(2D)magnetic materials address challenges facing bulk magnet systems by offering scalability while maintaining device integrity and allowing efficient control of *** this review,we highlight the progress made in experimental studies on 2D magnetic materials towards their integration into spintronic *** provide an account of the various relevant material discoveries,demonstrations of current and voltage-based control of magnetism and reported device systems,while also discussing the challenges and opportunities towards integration of 2D magnetic materials in commercial spintronic devices.

关键词： spintronics van der Waals magnetic tunnel junction(MTJ) spin-orbit torque magnetism

Application of Optical Hydrogels in Environmental Sensing

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2024年第3期7卷 315-340页

作者： Shuo Yang Shruti sarkar Xing Xie Dan Li Jianmin Chen Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3) Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringFudan University School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology

The ever-increasing complexity of environmental pollutants urgently warrants the development of new detection *** based on the optical properties of hydrogels enabling fast and easy in situ detection are attracting increasing *** this paper,the data from 138 papers about different optical hydrogels (OHs) are extracted for statistical *** detection performance and potential of various types of OHs in different environmental pollutant detection scenarios were evaluated and compared to those obtained using the standard detection *** on this analysis,the target recognition and sensing mechanisms of two main types of OHs are reviewed and discussed:photonic crystal hydrogels (PCHs) and fluorescent hydrogels (FHs).For PCHs,the environmental stimulus response,target receptors,inverse opal structures,and molecular imprinting techniques related to PCHs are reviewed and ***,the different types of fluorophores (i.e.,compound probes,biomacromolecules,quantum dots,and luminescent microbes) of FHs are ***,the potential academic research directions to address the challenges of applying and developing OHs in environmental sensing are proposed,including the fusion of various OHs,introduction of the latest technologies in various fields to the construction of OHs,and development of multifunctional sensor arrays.

关键词： environmental sensors fluorescent hydrogel optical hydrogel photonic crystal hydrogel pollution detection

Early Paleozoic basement diorite of arc-magmatism from Kutch basin, Western India

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 296-307页

作者： Piyush Gupta Sandeep Singh Shakti Singh Rathore Argha Narayan sarkar Geochronology Laboratory KDMIPEOil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.9Kaulagarh RoadDehradun 248195India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

In this study,we report for theﬁrst time an Early Palaeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western *** 40Ar–39Ar dates provided a plateau age of 441.84±2.66 Ma and another pseudo plateau of 441.28±5.82 to 388.08±16.65 Ma for the basement *** ages constrain the basement formation age to the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian *** obtained basement ages are correlatable with the later part of Cambro-Ordovician alkaline magmatism that has been reported from the Huqf area in Central Oman,whereas their lithological and petrographic correlativity with base-ment diorites occurring in the Dinsi Body of Nagar Parkar igneous complex in Pakistan can also be *** geochemical studies characterized the diorite with enrich-ment of LILE(Rb,Ba,and K)and LREE(La,Ce,Nd),strong depletion of HFSE(Nb,Sr,P,and Ti),along with weakly negative Eu *** geochemical signatures indicate their petrogenetic afﬁliation with mantle-derived magmas,as well as their tectonic setting to be arc-related,having post-collisional continental-arc type afﬁ****440 Ma basement of Kutch,therefore,appears to rep-resent the later thermal event associated with the reworked Neoproterozoic subduction-related suite from Greater India’s northwest edge,which has implications for Gond-wana assembly in the northwest Indian subcontinent.

关键词： Kutch basin 40Ar–39Ar ages Early palaeozoic basement Continental-arc magmatism Calc-alkaline magmatism

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Dynamics of a delay-induced prey-predator system with interaction between immature prey and predators

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2024年第2期17卷 139-176页

作者： Soumik Pandey Abhijit sarkar Debashis Das Sarbani Chakraborty Department of Mathematics West Bengal State University Barasat-7000126West BengalIndia Department of Basic Science&Humanities JIS College of Engineering Kalyani-741235West BengalIndia

In biological pest control systems,several pests(including insects,mites,weeds,etc.)are controlled by biocontrol agents that rely primarily on *** this biocontrol management ecology,we have created a three-tier prey-predator model with prey phase structure and predator gestation *** studies have demonstrated that predators with Holling type-II functional responses sometimes consume immature prey.A study of the well-posedness and local bifurcation(such as saddle-node and transcritical)near the trivial and planer equilibrium points is carried *** any time lag,the prey development coeficient has a stabilizing impact,while increasing attack rate accelerates *** transformation rate and handling time are shown to cause multiple stability switches in the *** results demonstrate time delay is the key destabilizer that destroys *** model can replicate more realistic events by including time-dependent factors and exploring the dynamic behavior of nonautonomous *** the presence of time delay,sufficient conditions of permanence and global attractivity of the nonautonomous system are ***,MATLAB simulations are performed to validate the analytical findings.

关键词： Holling type-II functional response stage-structure bifurcation time delay seasonality

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2024年第8期14卷 319-330页

作者： Priya Bhardwaj Swarnabha sarkar Ritu Mishra Department of Pharmacology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029India Department of Physiology All India Institute of Medical SciencesNew Delhi-110029India Department of Zoology University of AllahabadPrayagrajUttar Pradesh-211002India

The recently re-emerged mpox(monkeypox)virus that causes mpox disease is a member of genus Orthopoxvirus and has unprecedentedly spread *** studies have contributed to our understanding of its evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical *** current outbreak of the mpox virus depicts its novel route of transmission as a new ***,the exact reason for its transition from an epidemic to a pandemic remains ***,other poxviruses such as vaccinia virus,variola virus,and cowpox virus,also belong to the same genus,*** the present review,our objective was to summarize the evidence on evolution,pathophysiology,and clinical manifestations of mpox virus and its related *** present review would aid in a better understanding of the current circulating mpox virus and its differences from other *** addition,the shared genetic factors contributing to virulence in these Orthopoxvirus highlight their evolutionary connections and genetic *** they exhibit differences in virulence,studying these genetic relationships is crucial for understanding their biology,pathogenicity,and the development of effective vaccines and antiviral therapeutics to curb mpox disease.

关键词： Evolution Mpox Orthopoxviruses Pathophysiology Poxviruses Transmission

COVID-19 mutations:An overview

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World Journal of Methodology 2024年第3期14卷 7-22页

作者： Malay sarkar Irappa Madabhavi Department of Pulmonary Medicine Indira Gandhi Medical CollegeShimla 171001Himachal PradeshIndia Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology and Hematology J N Medical Collegeand KAHERBelagaviKarnataka 590010India Department of Medical and Pediatric Oncology and Hematology Kerudi Cancer HospitalBagalkotKarnataka 587103India

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2)belongs to the genus Beta coronavirus and the family of *** is a positive-sense,non-segmented single-strand RNA *** common types of human coronaviruses circulate globally,particularly in the fall and winter *** are responsible for 10%-30% of all mild upper respiratory tract infections in *** are 229E,NL63 of the Alfacoronaviridae family,OC43,and HKU1 of the Betacoronaviridae ***,there are three highly pathogenic human coronaviruses:SARS-CoV-2,Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus,and the latest pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 *** viruses,including SARS-CoV-2,have the inherent tendency to ***-CoV-2 is still evolving in ***,due to the development of herd immunity,prior infection,use of medication,vaccination,and antibodies,the viruses are facing immune *** the replication process and due to immune pressure,the virus may undergo *** SARS-CoV-2 variants,including the variants of concern(VOCs),such as B.1.1.7(Alpha),B.1.351(Beta),B.1.617/B.1.617.2(Delta),P.1(Gamma),and B.1.1.529(Omicron)have been reported from various parts of the *** VOCs contain several important mutations;some of them are on the spike *** mutations may lead to enhanced infectivity,transmissibility,and decreased neutralization efficacy by monoclonal antibodies,convalescent sera,or *** may also lead to a failure of detection by molecular diagnostic tests,leading to a delayed diagnosis,increased community spread,and delayed *** searched PubMed,EMBASE,Covariant,the Stanford variant Database,and the CINAHL from December 2019 to February 2023 using the following search terms:VOC,SARS-CoV-2,Omicron,mutations in SARS-CoV-2,*** review discusses the various mutations and their impact on infectivity,transmissibility,and neutralization efficacy.

关键词： Variant of concern SARS-CoV-2 Omicron N501Y mutation E484K mutation

Prediabetes: An overlooked risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events in atrial fibrillation patients

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第1期15卷 24-33页

作者： Rupak Desai Nishanth Katukuri Sumaja Reddy Goguri Azra Kothawala Naga Ruthvika Alle Meena Kumari Bellamkonda Debankur Dey Sharmila Ganesan Minakshi Biswas Kuheli sarkar Pramoda Prattipati Shaylika Chauhan Independent Researcher Independent ResearcherAtlantaGA 30079United States Department of Internal Medicine Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55902United States Department of Medicine Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical SciencesTelangana 505001India Department of Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru Medical CollegeBelgaum 590010India Department of Medicine Narayana Medical CollegeAndhra PradeshNellore 524003India Department of Medicine Dr Pinnamaneni Siddhartha Institute of Medical Sciences and Research FoundationVijaywada 521286India Department of Medicine Medical College KolkataKolkata 700073India Department of Medicine P.E.S.Institute of Medical Sciences and ResearchAndhra Pradesh 517425India Department of Medicine Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical CollegeBogra 5800Bangladesh Department of Medicine College of Medicine and J.N.M HospitalKalyani 741235India Department of Medicine Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College IndiaKarnatakaBelagavi 590010India Department of Internal Medicine Geisinger Health SystemWikes-BarrePA 18702United States

BACKGROUND Prediabetes is a well-established risk factor for major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events(MACCE).However,the relationship between prediabetes and MACCE in atrial fibrillation(AF)patients has not been extensively ***,this study aimed to establish a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF *** To investigate a link between prediabetes and MACCE in AF *** We used the National Inpatient Sample(2019)and relevant ICD-10 CM codes to identify hospitalizations with AF and categorized them into groups with and without prediabetes,excluding *** primary outcome was MACCE(all-cause inpatient mortality,cardiac arrest including ventricular fibrillation,and stroke)in AF-related *** Of the 2965875 AF-related hospitalizations for MACCE,47505(1.6%)were among patients with *** prediabetes cohort was relatively younger(median 75 vs 78 years),and often consisted of males(56.3%vs 51.4%),blacks(9.8%vs 7.9%),Hispanics(7.3%vs 4.3%),and Asians(4.7%vs 1.6%)than the non-prediabetic cohort(P<0.001).The prediabetes group had significantly higher rates of hypertension,hyperlipidemia,smoking,obesity,drug abuse,prior myocardial infarction,peripheral vascular disease,and hyperthyroidism(all P<0.05).The prediabetes cohort was often discharged routinely(51.1%vs 41.1%),but more frequently required home health care(23.6%vs 21.0%)and had higher *** adjusting for baseline characteristics or comorbidities,the prediabetes cohort with AF admissions showed a higher rate and significantly higher odds of MACCE compared to the non-prediabetic cohort[18.6%vs 14.7%,odds ratio(OR)1.34,95%confidence interval 1.26-1.42,P<0.001].On subgroup analyses,males had a stronger association(aOR 1.43)compared to females(aOR 1.22),whereas on the race-wise comparison,Hispanics(aOR 1.43)and Asians(aOR 1.36)had a stronger association with MACCE with prediabetes vs whites(aOR 1.33)and blacks(aOR 1.21).CONCLUSION This population-

关键词： Prediabetes Atrial fibrillation Cardiovascular disease risk Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events Stroke Mortality

Designing an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 15-28页

作者： Md. Robiul Islam Maisha Islam Tania sarkar Hanif Mia Md. Asadullah Department of Electrical Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China Institute of Science Trade & Technology (ISTT) Dhaka Bangladesh

This article outlines an Effective Method for Automatic Electric Vehicle Charging Stations in a Static Environment. It consists of investigated wireless transformer structures with various ferrite forms. WPT technology has rapidly advanced in the last few years. At kilowatt power levels, the transmission distance grows from a few millimeters to several hundred millimeters with a grid to load efficiency greater than 90%. The improvements have made the WPT more appealing for electric vehicle (EV) charging applications in both static and dynamic charging scenarios. Static and dynamic WEVCS, two of the main applications, are described, and current developments with features from research facilities, academic institutions, and businesses are noted. Additionally, forthcoming concepts based WEVCS are analyzed and examined, including “dynamic” wireless charging systems (WCS). A dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT) system, which can supply electricity to moving EVs, is one of the feasible alternatives. The moving secondary coil is part of the dynamic WPT system, which also comprises of many fixed groundside (primary) coils. An equivalent circuit between the stationary system and the dynamic WPT system that results from the stationary system is demonstrated by theoretical investigations. The dynamic WPT system’s solenoid coils outperform circular coils in terms of flux distribution and misalignment. The WPT-related EV wireless charging technologies were examined in this study. WPT can assist EVs in overcoming their restrictions on cost, range, and charging time.

关键词： Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer (DWPT) Wireless Charging System (WCS) Electric Vehicle (EV) Dynamic Performance