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Additively manufactured Ti–Ta–Cu alloys for the next-generation load-bearing implants

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 353-374页

作者： Amit bandyopadhyay Indranath Mitra Sushant Ciliveri Jose D Avila William Dernell Stuart B Goodman Susmita Bose W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Laboratory School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Veterinary Clinical Sciences College of Veterinary MedicineWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America Department of Orthopedic Surgery Stanford University Medical CenterRedwood CityCA 94063United States of America

Bacterial colonization of orthopedic implants is one of the leading causes of failure and clinical complexities for load-bearing metallic implants. Topical or systemic administration of antibiotics may not offer the most efficient defense against colonization, especially in the case of secondary infection, leading to surgical removal of implants and in some cases even limbs. In this study, laser powder bed fusion was implemented to fabricate Ti3Al2V alloy by a 1:1 weight mixture of CpTi and Ti6Al4V powders. Ti-Tantalum(Ta)–Copper(Cu) alloys were further analyzed by the addition of Ta and Cu into the Ti3Al2V custom alloy. The biological,mechanical, and tribo-biocorrosion properties of Ti3Al2V alloy were evaluated. A 10 wt.% Ta(10Ta) and 3 wt.% Cu(3Cu) were added to the Ti3Al2V alloy to enhance biocompatibility and impart inherent bacterial resistance. Additively manufactured implants were investigated for resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus strains of bacteria for up to 48 h. A 3 wt.% Cu addition to Ti3Al2V displayed improved antibacterial efficacy, i.e.78%–86% with respect to CpTi. Mechanical properties for Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy were evaluated, demonstrating excellent fatigue resistance, exceptional shear strength, and improved tribological and tribo-biocorrosion characteristics when compared to Ti6Al4V. In vivo studies using a rat distal femur model revealed improved early-stage osseointegration for alloys with10 wt.% Ta addition compared to CpTi and Ti6Al4V. The 3 wt.% Cu-added compositions displayed biocompatibility and no adverse infammatory response in vivo. Our results establish the Ti3Al2V–10Ta–3Cu alloy’s synergistic effect on improving both in vivo biocompatibility and microbial resistance for the next generation of load-bearing metallic implants.

关键词： Ti6Al4V load-bearing implants additive manufacturing 3D printing antibacterial performance

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An Autopsy and Histopathology-based Study to Ascertain the Cause of Death of Brought Dead Cases

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Journal of Forensic Science and Medicine 2024年第1期10卷 28-33页

作者： Chandan bandyopadhyay Prabir Chandra Paul Prabhas Chandra Chakraborty Department of Forensic and State Medicine Medical CollegeKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Pathology Jagannath Gupta Institute of Medical Science and HospitalKolkataWest BengalIndia Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology NRS Medical College and HospitalKolkataand M.G.M Medical College and L S.K HospitalKishanganjBiharIndia

Background and Objectives:The cases of apparent natural deaths are encountered in the hospital casualties who are noted dead at the time of the first medical attention and as such are labeled as“Brought Dead.”These include the cases of sudden death,unexplained death,and unattended death.The cause of such deaths is reported in the literature to emanate principally from the cardiovascular system,though there are some documented geographical,racial,and other variations.In the present study,we endeavored to detect the cause of such natural deaths in terms of the disease and the organ system involved,in the deceased individuals of the contemporary Bengali population,with cases due to obvious unnatural causes being excluded.Materials and Methods:An observational,cross-sectional study with 105(n=105,male:89,female:16)study subjects of age group of 20-80 years,selected by systemic random sampling,from the brought dead subjects coming to the mortuary of the NRS Medical College and Hospital for medicolegal autopsy from April 2011 to March 2012,excluding cases having a history of the obvious unnatural event.Organ system-wise gross examination was done,followed by tissue sampling for histopathological examination.The case-wise findings were tabulated and analyzed for descriptive statistics using SPSS software.Results:In the present study,89 cases were male(84.8%)and 16 cases were female(15.2%),which reflects a male:female ratio of 5.56:1.The dead bodies are mostly recovered from the footpaths(47 cases,44%).Sixty-four(61%)cases are of known identity.In 54 cases out of 105(51.4%),morbid pathology is detected in the respiratory system(RS),lobar pneumonia,and cavitary pulmonary tuberculosis being the most frequent disease entity,in both genders.Fifty-one years-sixty-five years is found to be the most commonly affected age group,in both genders.Interpretation and Conclusions:The present study shows that the most common organ system involved in brought dead cases is the RS,which is supported by a few Indian studies.

关键词： Autopsy brought dead cause of death histopathology

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Printability disparities in heterogeneous material combinations via laser directed energy deposition:a comparative study

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第2期6卷 389-405页

作者： Jinsheng Ning Lida Zhu Shuhao Wang Zhichao Yang Peihua Xu Pengsheng Xue Hao Lu Miao Yu Yunhang Zhao Jiachen Li Susmita Bose Amit bandyopadhyay School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Northeastern UniversityShenyang 110819People’s Republic of China School of Machinery and Automation Wuhan University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430081People’s Republic of China School of Mechanical Engineering Xi’an University of Science and TechnologyXi’an 710054People’s Republic of China Beijing Institute of Space Launch Technology Beijing 100076People’s Republic of China W.M.Keck Biomedical Materials Research Lab School of Mechanical and Materials EngineeringWashington State UniversityPullmanWA 99164United States of America

Additive manufacturing provides achievability for the fabrication of bimetallic and multi-material structures;however,the material compatibility and bondability directly affect the parts’formability and final quality.It is essential to understand the underlying printability of different material combinations based on an adapted process.Here,the printability disparities of two common and attractive material combinations(nickel-and iron-based alloys)are evaluated at the macro and micro levels via laser directed energy deposition(DED).The deposition processes were captured using in situ high-speed imaging,and the dissimilarities in melt pool features and track morphology were quantitatively investigated within specific process windows.Moreover,the microstructure diversity of the tracks and blocks processed with varied material pairs was comparatively elaborated and,complemented with the informative multi-physics modeling,the presented non-uniformity in mechanical properties(microhardness)among the heterogeneous material pairs was rationalized.The differences in melt flow induced by the unlike thermophysical properties of the material pairs and the resulting element intermixing and localized re-alloying during solidification dominate the presented dissimilarity in printability among the material combinations.This work provides an in-depth understanding of the phenomenological differences in the deposition of dissimilar materials and aims to guide more reliable DED forming of bimetallic parts.

关键词： directed energy deposition printability microstructure microhardness bimetallic parts

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Functionally graded structure of a nitride-strengthened Mg_(2)Si-based hybrid composite

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第3期12卷 1239-1256页

作者： Jeongho Yang Woongbeom Heogh Hogi Ju Sukhyun Kang Tae-Sik Jang Hyun-Do Jung Mohammad Jahazi Seung Chul Han Seong Je Park Hyoung Seop Kim Susmita Bose Amit bandyopadhyay Martin Byung-Guk Jun Young Won Kim Dae-kyeom Kim Rigoberto CAdvincula Clodualdo Aranas Jr Sang Hoon Kim School of Mechanical Engineering Pusan National UniversityBusan 46241Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Design Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Process Research 3 Team LG Display Co.Ltd.PajuGyeonggi-do 10845Republic of Korea Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Institute of Well-Aging Medicare&Chosun University LAMP Center Chosun UniversityGwangju 61452Republic of Korea Division of Materials Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul 04763Republic of Korea Department of Mechanical Engineering École de Technologie SupérieureMontrealQuebec H3C 1K3Canada Material&Component Convergence R&D Center Korea Construction Equipment Technology InstituteGunsanJeollabuk-do 54002Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore 639798Singapore Graduate Institute of Ferrous&Eco Materials Technology Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangGyeongsangbuk-do 37673Republic of Korea Advanced Institute for Materials Research Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8577Japan Institute for Convergence Research and Education in Advanced Technology Yonsei UniversitySeoul 03722Republic of Korea School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164USA School of Mechanical Engineering Purdue UniversityWest LafayetteIndiana 47907USA Research Institute of Advanced Manufacturing Technology Korea Institute of Industrial TechnologyIncheon 21999Republic of Korea Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering Case Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOhio 44106USA Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of TennesseeKnoxvilleTennessee 37996USA Center for Nanophase Materials and Sciences Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37830USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of New BrunswickFrederictonNew Brunswick E3B 5A3Cana

The ex-situ incorporation of the secondary SiC reinforcement,along with the in-situ incorporation of the tertiary and quaternary Mg_(3)N_(2) and Si_(3)N_(4) phases,in the primary matrix of Mg_(2)Si is employed in order to provide ultimate wear resistance based on the laser-irradiation-induced inclusion of N_(2) gas during laser powder bed fusion.This is substantialized based on both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reactionbased metallurgy of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.This study also proposes a functional platform for systematically modulating a functionally graded structure and modeling build-direction-dependent architectonics during additive manufacturing.This strategy enables the development of a compositional gradient from the center to the edge of each melt pool of the Mg_(2)Si–SiC/nitride hybrid composite.Consequently,the coefficient of friction of the hybrid composite exhibits a 309.3%decrease to–1.67 compared to–0.54 for the conventional nonreinforced Mg_(2)Si structure,while the tensile strength exhibits a 171.3%increase to 831.5 MPa compared to 485.3 MPa for the conventional structure.This outstanding mechanical behavior is due to the(1)the complementary and synergistic reinforcement effects of the SiC and nitride compounds,each of which possesses an intrinsically high hardness,and(2)the strong adhesion of these compounds to the Mg_(2)Si matrix despite their small sizes and low concentrations.

关键词： Laser powder bed fusion Mg_(2)Si-SiC/nitride hybrid composite Both the thermal diffusion-and chemical reaction-based metallurgy Functionally graded structure Compositional gradient Wear resistance.

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苹果树

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中学生英语 2024年第5期 12-13页

作者： Brishti bandyopadhyay 游余

一个农夫的花园里有一棵老苹果树。它太老了,很久以前就不结果了。唯一能做的就是给附近的麻雀、蚱蜢和松鼠提供一个居住的地方。一天,农夫决定砍掉这棵树,他觉得它已经毫无用处了。此外,他想用这棵树做些家具。这棵树的木头仍然很结实...

一个农夫的花园里有一棵老苹果树。它太老了,很久以前就不结果了。唯一能做的就是给附近的麻雀、蚱蜢和松鼠提供一个居住的地方。一天,农夫决定砍掉这棵树,他觉得它已经毫无用处了。此外,他想用这棵树做些家具。这棵树的木头仍然很结实。于是,农夫手里拿着一把斧子开始砍树。

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神经监测气管导管对甲状腺癌双侧颈淋巴结清扫术患者喉返神经的保护作用

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中华普通外科杂志 2024年第2期39卷 121-125页

作者：李晓旭宋德霸曹武杰张晓剑王明佳商丘市第一人民医院甲状腺乳腺外科商丘476100

目的分析神经气管导管监测对甲状腺癌双侧颈淋巴结清扫术患者喉返神经的保护作用。方法回顾性分析2019年7月至2022年8月于商丘市第一人民医院接受甲状腺癌双侧颈淋巴结清扫术92例患者的临床资料,按术中神经监测气管导管方式不同分为对照... 详细信息

目的分析神经气管导管监测对甲状腺癌双侧颈淋巴结清扫术患者喉返神经的保护作用。方法回顾性分析2019年7月至2022年8月于商丘市第一人民医院接受甲状腺癌双侧颈淋巴结清扫术92例患者的临床资料,按术中神经监测气管导管方式不同分为对照组(常规暴露,52例)和研究组(术中接受神经气管导管监测,40例)。结果研究组术中出血量[(12.3±3.3)ml]少于对照组[(16.9±4.0)ml],喉返神经探查暴露时间[(8.7±2.6)min]、手术时间[(4.0±0.8)h]、术后住院时间[(3.2±0.9)d]均短于对照组[(14.4±3.6)min、(4.5±1.2)h、(5.7±1.3)d](t=5.770、8.391、2.387、10.853,均P<0.05);研究组术后1个月振幅微扰(4.85%±0.58%)、基频微扰(0.28%±0.17%)、标准化噪声能量[(-20.3±4.4)dB]、嗓音障碍指数量表简版评分[(1.6±0.5)分]、癌症患者生命质量量表评分[(43.7±4.8)分]均低于对照组[(3.05%±0.54%)、(0.42%±0.16%)、(-14.6±3.3)dB、(3.3±0.4)分、(50.4±5.6)分],谐波噪声比[(24.9±4.1)dB]高于对照组[(20.3±4.4)dB](t=10.446、4.049、7.036、19.076、6.116、5.144,均P<0.001);研究组术后并发症发生率(8%)低于对照组(23%)(χ^(2)=4.020,P=0.045)。结论神经气管导管监测用于甲状腺癌双侧颈淋巴结清扫术中可改善患者声带功能,减轻喉返神经损伤,降低嗓音障碍程度,提高患者的生活质量。

关键词：甲状腺肿瘤喉返神经淋巴结切除术神经气管导管监测

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From occupants to occupants:A review of the occupant information understanding for building HVAC occupant-centric control

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Building Simulation 2022年第6期15卷 913-932页

作者： Tao Yang Arkasama bandyopadhyay Zheng O’Neill Jin Wen Bing Dong mike walker’66 department of mechanical engineering texas a&m universitycollege stationtx77843usa department of civil architectural&environmental engineeringdrexel universityphiladelphiapa19104usa department of mechanical and aerospace engineering syracuse universitysyracuseny13244usa

Occupants are the core of the built environment.Traditional heating,ventilation,and air-conditioning(HVAC)systems operate with predefined schedules and maximum occupancy assumptions with no consideration of specific occupant information.These generalized assumptions usually do not align with the actual demand and result in over-conditioning and occupant discomfort.In recent years,with the aid of Information&Communication Technology(ICT)and Computer Science(CS),it is possible to acquire real-time and accurate occupant information to satisfy the exact thermal requirement through specific HVAC control in one particular built environment.This mechanism is called HVAC“Occupant-centric Control(OCC).”HVAC OCC strategy starts with collecting the occupant’s information(e.g.,presence/absence)and then applies it to meet the occupant’s requirement(e.g.,thermal comfort).However,even though some research studies and field pilot demonstrations have been devoted to the field of OCC,there is a lack of systematic knowledge about occupant data,which is the principal component of OCC for HVAC researchers and practitioners.To fill this gap,this review paper discusses OCC with a particular emphasis on occupant information and investigates how this information can assist HVAC operation in providing an acceptable built environment in required spaces during the required time.We provide a fine-grained,comprehensive picture of occupant information,discuss its features,the modalities of information feed-in into the HVAC control,and the application of commonly utilized occupant information for OCC.

关键词： occupant information occupant-centric control smart building HVAC energy efficiency

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Hidden Markov model based epileptic seizure detection using tunable Q wavelet transform

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2020年第3期34卷 170-179页

作者： deba.Prasad Dash Maheshkumar H Kolekar Department of Electrical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PatnaBihtaBihar 801103India

Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent neurological disorders affecting 70 million people worldwide.The present work is focused on designing an efficient algorithm for automatic seizure detection by using electroencephalogram(EEG) as a noninvasive procedure to record neuronal activities in the brain.EEG signals' underlying dynamics are extracted to differentiate healthy and seizure EEG signals.Shannon entropy,collision entropy,transfer entropy,conditional probability,and Hjorth parameter features are extracted from subbands of tunable Q wavelet transform.Efficient decomposition level for different feature vector is selected using the Kruskal-Wallis test to achieve good classification.Different features are combined using the discriminant correlation analysis fusion technique to form a single fused feature vector.The accuracy of the proposed approach is higher for Q=2 and J=10.Transfer entropy is observed to be significant for different class combinations.Proposed approach achieved 100% accuracy in classifying healthy-seizure EEG signal using simple and robust features and hidden Markov model with less computation time.The proposed approach efficiency is evaluated in classifying seizure and non-seizure surface EEG signals.The system has achieved 96.87% accuracy in classifying surface seizure and nonseizure EEG segments using efficient features extracted from different J level.

关键词： electroencephalogram epilepsy seizure tunable Q wavelet transform entropy hidden Markov model

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Incidental diagnosis of medullary thyroid carcinoma due to persistently elevated procalcitonin in a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia:A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第20期10卷 7171-7177页

作者： Amitabha Saha Madhusha Mukhopadhyay Souvik Paul Arnab Bera Tapas bandyopadhyay Department of Internal Medicine Critical Care MedicineMedica Superspecialty HospitalKolkata 700099West BengalIndia Department of Internal Medicine Medica Superspecialty HospitalKolkata 700099West BengalIndia Department of Critical Care Medicine Medica Superspecialty HospitalKolkata 700099West BengalIndia

BACKGROUND Procalcitonin(Pct)is a common biomarker in clinical practice,especially in the era of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)infection.Although it is frequently used for the diagnosis and prognostication of bacterial infections or sepsis,it is also elevated in a few other conditions,including medullary thyroid carcinoma(MTC).CASE SUMMARY A 43-year-old female presented with moderately severe COVID-19 pneumonia in April 2021.She gradually recovered clinically;however,despite normalization of other inflammatory markers,Pct levels remained persistently elevated.Further workup identified the cause as left lobe MTC with locoregional metastasis.Calcitonin levels were high,and carcinoembryonic antigen levels were normal.The patient underwent total thyroidectomy and neck dissection,which was followed by another radical neck dissection due to residual disease.Currently,she is doing well,nearly having completed her course of external beam radiotherapy with no recurrence.Pct is well documented as a screening tool for MTC,especially because of its stable nature compared to calcitonin in the community settings.It is important to keep in mind the differential diagnosis of MTC in patients with persistently elevated Pct levels despite normal levels of other acute phase reactants.To the best of our knowledge,this is the first report from Asia of such an incidental diagnosis of MTC due to persistently elevated Pct levels in a patient with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection.CONCLUSION Persistently elevated Pct levels can occur in any pro-inflammatory state including infections,sepsis,or acute respiratory distress syndrome.In the current setting,SARS-CoV-2 infection is one such clinical scenario,and in rare situations of persistent elevation,MTC may need to be ruled out.

关键词： COVID-19 Medullary thyroid carcinoma Procalcitonin SARS-COV-2 Calcitonin Case report

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Vitamin C and E supplementation and high intensity interval training induced changes in lipid profile and haematological variables of young males

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2023年第2期5卷 137-145页

作者： Surojit Sarkar Swapan Kr Dey Gouriprosad Datta Amit bandyopadhyay Department of Physiology Rammohan College1021Raja Ram Mohan SaraniBaithakkhanaKolkata700009West BengalIndia Department of Sports Science University of CalcuttaUniversity Colleges of Science and Technology92A.P.C.RoadKolkata700009West BengalIndia Sports and Exercise Physiology Laboratory Department of PhysiologyUniversity of CalcuttaUniversity Colleges of Science and Technology92A.P.C.RoadKolkata700009West BengalIndia

High intensity interval training(HIIT)causes oxidative stress and haematological alteration.Present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of 8 weeks’supplementation of vitamin C and E on HIIT induced changes in lipid profile parameters and haematological variables.Hundred six male adolescent players were randomly assigned into five age-matched groups,i.e.,Control(no exercise+placebo),HIIT(placebo),HIIT+vitamin-C(1000mg/day),HIIT+vitamin-E 400 IU/day)and combined HIIT+vitamin C and E.Morning and evening sessions(90min)of HIIT included 4 phases(15min each)with 3 sets(4min each).Each 4min HIIT set consisted of 2min intense sprint workout(90%–95%of heart rate maximum[HRmax])followed by 1min active recovery(60%–70%HRmax)followed by 1min of complete rest(1:1 work-rest ratio).Lipid profile parameters,haematological variables,endurance capacity and vertical jump were evaluated by standard protocols.Significant decrease in body weight,fat%,total cholesterol,triglyceride,Total Cholesterol/High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and significant increase in High Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol,maximal oxygen consumption,vertical jump were observed for all four intervention groups.White blood cell count,red blood cell count,haemoglobin percentage and haematocrit values were significantly decreased while platelet count and platelet-to-leukocyte ratio(PLR)ratio were increased significantly only for HIIT group.Blood level of tocopherol and ascorbic acid was significantly increased(values were within the normal range)in all the respective vitamin supplemented groups.Supplementation of vitamin C and E secures health protection with suppressed haemolysis and improved inflammatory blood variables with enhanced explosive leg strength and lipid profile parameters without any concomitant change in endurance capacity.

关键词： Sprint interval training Lipid profile Haematological indices Haemolysis Athletes

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