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Interplay between intestinal alkaline phosphatase, diet, gut microbes and immunity

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第42期20卷 15650-15656页

作者： Mehrbod Estaki Daniella DeCoffe deanna l gibson Department of Biology University of British Columbia Okanagan

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase(IAP) plays an essential role in intestinal homeostasis and health through interactions with the resident microbiota, diet and the gut. IAP's role in the intestine is to dephosphorylate toxic microbial ligands such as lipopolysaccharides, unmethylated cytosine-guanosine dinucleotides and flagellin as well as extracellular nucleotides such as uridine diphosphate. IAP's ability to detoxify these ligands is essential in protecting the host from sepsis during acute inflammation and chronic inflammatory conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease. Also important in these complications is IAP's ability to regulate the microbial ecosystem by forming a complex relationship between microbiota, diet and the intestinal mucosal surface. Evidence reveals that diet alters IAP expression and activity and this in turn can influence the gut microbiota and homeostasis. IAP's ability to maintain a healthygastrointestinal tract has accelerated research on its potential use as a therapeutic agent against a multitude of *** IAP has been shown to have beneficial effects when administered during ulcerative colitis,coronary bypass surgery and *** are currently a handful of human clinical trials underway investigating the effects of exogenous IAP during sepsis,rheumatoid arthritis and heart *** light of these findings IAP has been marked as a novel agent to help treat a variety of other inflammatory and infectious *** purpose of this review is to highlight the essential characteristics of IAP in protection and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis while addressing the intricate interplay between IAP,diet,microbiota and the intestinal epithelium.

关键词： Intestinal alkaline phosphatase Inflamma-tion Infe

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Evaluation of a hepatic biomarker of nutritional imbalance in juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed 60% soybean meal-based diets using NMR-based metabolomics

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第1期16卷 45-61页

作者： Fabio Casu Aaron M.Watson Justin Yost T.gibson Gaylord Daniel W.Bearden Michael R.Denson Marine Resources Research Institute South Carolina Department of Natural Resources Bozeman Fish Technology Center United States Fish and Wildlife Service Marine Biochemical Sciences Group Chemical Sciences Division National Institute of Standards and Technology Hollings Marine Laboratory

A 12-week feeding trial with juvenile red drum(Sciaenops ocellatus) fed high-soybean meal(SBM) diets was conducted to investigate a putative biomarker of nutritional imbalance, N-formimino-l-glutamate(FIGlU). Three fishmeal-free, 60% SBM pelleted diets(named B12, Fol, and Met, respectively) were tested to evaluate the effects on growth performance and tissue metabolite profiles of supplementation of vitamin B12(0.012 mg/kg), folate(10 mg/kg), methionine(1 g/kg) respectively, above basal supplementation levels. A fourth SBM-based diet(named B12/Fol/Met) was formulated with a combination of B12, folate, and methionine to attain the above-mentioned target concentrations. A fifth 60% SBM diet(named FWS) with methionine supplementation(1 g/kg above basal supplementation levels), enriched with taurine, lysine and threonine as well as minerals, was also tested. This diet contained formulation targets and additives which have allowed for replacing fishmeal with plant proteins in rainbow trout feeds. Control diets included a fishmeal-based diet(named FM), an unsupplemented basal 60% SBM diet(named SBM60), and a “natural” diet(named N) made up of equal parts of fish(cigar minnows), squid and shrimp as a positive reference for growth performance. Formulated feeds contained approximately 37% total crude protein, approximately 14% total crude lipid and were energetically balanced. Standard growth performance metrics were measured, and tissues(liver, muscle) were collected at week 12 to evaluate diet-induced metabolic changes using nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)-based *** results show that the FWS diet outperformed all other SBM diets and the FM diet under all performance metrics(PlU was not detected in fish fed the N diet but was detected in those fed the SBM diets and the FM diet. Fish fed the FWS diet and the Met diet showed lower hepatic levels of FIGlU compared with the other SBM-based diets(Plementatio

关键词： Aquaculture Metabolomics Nuclear magnetic resonance Red drum Soybean meal N-Formimino-l-glutamate

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label-free superior contrast with c-band ultra-violet extinction microscopy

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light(Science & Applications) 2023年第3期12卷 435-445页

作者： Florian Ströhl deanna l.Wolfson Ida S.Opstad Daniel H.Hansen Hong Mao Balpreet S.Ahluwalia Department of Physics and Technology UiT The Arctic University of NorwayTromsøNorway Department of Clinical Science Intervention and TechnologyKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden

In 1934,Frits Zernike demonstrated that it is possible to exploit the sample’s refractive index to obtain superior contrast images of biological *** refractive index contrast of a cell surrounded by media yields a change in the phase and intensity of the transmitted light *** change can be due to either scattering or absorption caused by the *** cells are transparent at visible wavelengths,which means the imaginary component of their complex refractive index,also known as extinction coefficient k,is close to ***,we explore the use of c-band ultra-violet(UVC)light for high-contrast high-resolution label-free microscopy,as k is naturally substantially higher in the UVC than at visible *** differential phase contrast illumination and associated processing,we achieve a 7-to 300-fold improvement in contrast compared to visible-wavelength and UVA differential interference contrast microscopy or holotomography,and quantify the extinction coefficient distribution within liver sinusoidal endothelial *** a resolution down to 215 nm,we are,for the first time in a far-field label-free method,able to image individual fenestrations within their sieve plates which normally requires electron or fluorescence superresolution *** illumination also matches the excitation peak of intrinsically fluorescent proteins and amino acids and thus allows us to utilize autofluorescence as an independent imaging modality on the same setup.

关键词： wave. extinction violet

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Classical imaging with undetected photons using four-wave mixing in silicon core fibers

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Photonics Research 2023年第2期11卷 137-142页

作者： M.HUANG D.WU H.REN l.SHEN T.W.HAWKINS J.BAllATO U.J.gibson M.BERESNA R.SlAVíK J.E.SIPE M.lISCIDINI A.C.PEACOCK Optoelectronics Research Centre University of SouthamptonSouthamptonSO171BJUK School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Wuhan National laboratory for Optoelectronics Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Centre for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Clemson UniversityClemsonSouth Carolina 29634USA Department of Physics University of TorontoTorontoOntario M5S 1A7Canada Department of Physics University of PaviaI-27100 PaviaItaly

Undetected-photon imaging allows for objects to be imaged in wavelength regions where traditional components are unavailable. Although first demonstrated using quantum sources, recent work has shown that the technique also holds with classical beams. To date, however, all the research in this area has exploited parametric downconversion processes using bulk nonlinear crystals within free-space systems. Here, we demonstrate undetectedphoton-based imaging using light generated via stimulated four-wave mixing within highly nonlinear silicon fiber waveguides. The silicon fibers have been tapered to have a core diameter of915 nm to engineer the dispersion and reduce the insertion losses, allowing for tight mode confinement over extended lengths to achieve practical nonlinear conversion efficiencies(-30 dB) with modest pump powers(48 m W). Both amplitude and phase images are obtained using classically generated light, confirming the high degree of spatial and phase correlation of our system. The high powers(>10 nW) and long coherence lengths(>4 km) associated with our large fiber-based system result in high contrast and stable images.

关键词： mixing fibers nonlinear

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Application of grouped detrital zircon analyses to determine provenance and closely approximate true depositional age:Early Cretaceous McMurray-Clearwater succession,Canada

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 877-892页

作者： l.Rinke-Hardekopf S.E.Dashtgard C.Huang H.D.gibson Applied Research in Ichnology and Sedimentology(ARISE)Group Dept.of Earth SciencesSimon Fraser University8888 University DriveBurnabyBC V5A 1S6Canada

In the lower CretaceousMcMurray-Clearwater succession of the intracontinental Alberta Foreland Basin,Canada,detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology samples(referred to herein as DZ samples)have been used to interpret the strata as representing a paleo-continental-scale drainage ***,the majority of DZ samples are relatively small(n≈90–100),and syndepositional DZ(i.e.,crystallization agelder than depositional age)are *** has forced a reliance on dinocysts with long stratigraphic ranges to chronostratigraphically subdivide the McMurray-Clearwater succession rather than employing maximum depositional ages(MDAs)derived from DZ ***,43 DZ samples(taken from20 subsurface cores)are assigned to 1 of 5 stratigraphic intervals,and in each stratigraphic interval all associated DZ samples are combined to produce a grouped DZ *** and comparison of individual and grouped DZ samples are used to(1)assess variability in provenance through time and space,and(2)assess the accuracy of chronostratigraphically subdividing the succession using *** the main paleo-drainage axis,a comparison of dissimilarity between DZ samples from the same stratigraphic interval,as well as between stratigraphic intervals,reveals increasing average dissimilarity between individual DZ samples and their respective grouped DZ samplewith increasing spatial separation of *** data indicate that in the McMurray Depocenter some sediment is sourced from local tributaries,leading to geographical provenance *** for all 43 DZ samples and groupedMDAs(gMDAs)for the 5 grouped DZ samples are compared to an ash-derived absolute age and existing *** theMcMurray Formation,comparison of MDAs to gMDAs shows that in basins with rare syndepositional DZ,the gMDA method improved depositional age estimates by transforming low-confidence MDAs(e.g.,youngest single grains)into high-confidence(multi-grain)*** the Clearwater Formationwhere

关键词： Detrital zircon Maximum depositional age Provenance variability Intracontinental foreland basin McMurray-Clearwater succession

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A new cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第4期53卷 858-862页

作者： ZAKHAROV lev N. SlEBODNICK Carla RHEINGOlD Arnold l. gibson Harry W. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California Department of Chemistry Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

A new cryptand/paraquat [2]pseudorotaxane and its crown ether analog were synthesized and characterized by proton NMR, mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray analysis. The Job plots based on proton NMR data demonstrated that both the complex between cryptand 1 and paraquat derivative 2a and the complex between bis(p-phenylene)-34-crown-10 (3) and paraquat derivative 2b have 1:1 stoichiometry in solution. The apparent association constants (Ka,exp) of 1·2a and 3·2b calculated for 1:1 complexes were 1.4 (±0.2) × 104 and 4.7 (± 0.5) × 102 M-1, respectively. X-ray analysis showed that 1·2a is stabilized by ten hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions in the solid state, while 3·2b is stabilized by four hydrogen bonds and face-to-face π-stacking interactions. As well as in the X-ray structure of 1·2c, a water molecule acts as a hydrogen bridge between the β-pyridinium protons of 2a and the ether oxygen atoms of 1 in 1·2a. The successful preparation of 1·2a demonstrated that the tert-butyl group is not big enough to be a stopper for rotaxanes based on 1.

关键词： host-guest system self-assembly pseudorotaxane cryptand paraquat

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Characterization of novel Brown midrib 6 mutations affecting lignin biosynthesis in sorghum

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2016年第2期58卷 136-149页

作者： Erin D. Scully Tammy Gries deanna l. Funnell-Harris Zhanguo Xin Frank A. Kovacs Wilfred Vermerris Scott E. Sattler Grain Forage and Bioenergy Research Unit USDA-ARS Lincoln NE 68583 USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA Department of Plant Pathology University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE 68583 USA Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Unit USDA-ARS Lubbock TX 79414 USA Department of Chemistry University of Nebraska-Kearney Kearney NE 68849 USA Department of Microbiology & Cell Science and UF Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville FL 32610 USA

The presence of lignin reduces the quality of lignocellulosic biomass for forage materials and feedstock for biofuels. In C4 grasses, the brown midrib phenotype has been linked to mutations to genes in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. For example, the Bmr6 gene in sorghum （Sorghum bicolor） has been previously shown to encode cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase （CAD）, which catalyzes the final step of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. Mutations in this gene have been shown to reduce the abundance of lignin, enhance digestibility, and improve saccharification efficiencies and ethanol yields. Nine sorghum lines harboring five different bmr6 alleles were identified in an EMS-mutagenized TIllING population. DNA sequencing of Bmr6 revealed that the majority of the mutations impacted evolutionarily conserved amino acids while three-dimensional structural modeling predicted that all of these alleles interfered with the enzyme＇s ability to bind with its NAPPH cofactor. All of the new alleles reduced in vitro CAD activity levels and enhanced glucose yields following saccharification. Further, many of these lines were associated with higher reductions in acid detergent lignin compared to lines harboring the previously characterized bmr6-ref allele. These bmr6 lines represent new breeding tools for manipulating biomass composition to enhance forage and feedstock quality.

关键词： Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) EMS mutagenesis biofuels C4 grass forage

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Chemical forms and extractability of iron in sediments of three contrasting lakes of China and UK

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2003年第6期15卷 728-733页

作者： gibson C.E.,Stewart B.M. Key laboratory of Terrestrial Ecological Process Institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science Queen's University Belfast Shenyang 110016 China Newforge lane Belfast BT9 5PX UK

Iron is a limiting factor for the eutrophication of lakes, especially those lakes that are enriched with phosphorus. Extractability of iron in sediments of West lake and Taihu lake in China and lower lough Erne in Northern Ireland of UK was comparatively investigated on the basis of analysing chemical forms of iron using different extractants. It was shown that extractable iron in sediments of the lakes was greatly different using various extractants. Reactive iron or easily released iron such as “active" iron oxides, total free iron oxide and water-soluble iron was not high, only accounting for 0.01%—0.15% of total iron. The efficiency of the extractants for exchangeable iron was decreased in the sequence 0.1 mol/l HCl DTPA+TEA mixed solution > 1 mol/l NH 4OAc > 0.5 mol/l MgCl 2 = 0.5 mol/l CaCl 2. It seems that the complexion of iron by organic matter was not strong because the concentration of organically bound iron was significantly lower than the concentration it was forecasted. Extractable iron is not entirely consistent with or dependent on total iron in lake sediments. To a certain extent, phosphate can inhibit the release of iron in sediments of the lakes. The selection of extractants is thus the first key step to evaluate bioavailability of iron in lake sediments.

关键词： iron chemical form extractability lake sediment eutrophication

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Time-lapse 3-D Seismic Wave Simulation via the Generalized Multiscale Finite Element Method

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Communications in Computational Physics 2020年第6期28卷 401-423页

作者： Yongchae Cho Richard l.gibson,Jr. Hyunmin Kim Mikhail Artemyev Yalchin Efendiev Shell International Exploration&Production Inc. 150 N Dairy Ashford RoadHoustonTX 77079USA Department of Geology&Geophysics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843-3115USA Shell Exploration&Production Company 701 Poydras StreetNew OrleansLA 70139USA Arista Networks DublinIreland Department of Mathematics Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTexas 77843-3368USA Multiscale Model Reduction laboratory North-Eastern Federal UniversityYakutskRepublic of Sakha 677980Russia

Numerical solution of time-lapse seismic monitoring problems can be challenging due to the presence of finely layered *** wave modeling using fine layered meshes also adds more computational *** approaches such as finite difference and finite element methods may be prohibitively expensive if the whole domain is discretized with the cells corresponding to the grid in the reservoir subdomain.A common approach in this case is to use homogenization techniques to upscale properties of subsurface media and assign the background properties to coarser grid;however,inappropriate application of upscaling might result in a distortion of the model,which hinders accurate monitoring of the fluid change in *** this work,we instead investigate capabilities of a multiscale method that can deal with fine scale heterogeneities of the reservoir layer and more coarsely meshed rock properties in the surrounding domains in the same *** address the 3-D wave problems,we also demonstrate how the multiscale wave modeling technique can detect the changes caused by fluid movement while the hydrocarbon production activity proceeds.

关键词： Fluid simulation time lapse Generalized multiscale finite element elastic wave

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Tributyrin administration improves intestinal development and health in pre-weaned dairy calves fed milk replacer

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 399-411页

作者： Shuai liu Junda Wu Zhaohai Wu gibson Maswayi Alugongo Muhammad Zahoor Khan Jinghui li Jianxin Xiao Zhiyuan He Yulin Ma Shengli li Zhijun Cao State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Guizhou Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuizhou 550005China State Key laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100193China Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences University of AgricultureDera Ismail Khan29220Pakistan

Butyrate and its derivatives possess various nutritional and biological benefits for mammals,whereas its effects on dairy calves have not been well *** study evaluated the effects of tributyrin administration on blood immune,intestinal immune and barrier functions,and microbial composition of pre-weaned dairy *** newborn Holstein bull calves were randomly assigned into a control group(no tributyrin supplementation,CON;n=10)or a treatment group(supplemented with tributyrin at 2 g/l of milk,TRB;n=10).The results showed that diarrhea frequency was decreased significantly by tributyrin administration from d 29 to 56(Ple period(P=0.003,d 1 to 56)though no significant effects were observed on growth *** blood metabolites,tributyrin administration significantly reduced the concentration of interleukin-1b(Il-1b)on d 28(P=0.001)and tended to reduce the concentration of serum amyloid A on d 56(P=0.079),whereas serum oxidative status parameters were not *** intestinal development,tributyrin administration increased the villus height(Pllus height to crypt depth(P=0.046)in the jejunum,and the villus height in the ileum(P=0.074).Furthermore,toll-like receptor 2(TRl2,P=0.045)and Il-1b(P=0.088)gene expressions were downregulated,while claudin-4(P=0.022)gene expression was upregulated in the jejunum following tributyrin *** the ileum,claudin-4(P=0.029)and G-protein coupled receptor 41(P=0.019)gene expressions were upregulated in the TRB group compared to *** significantly higher abundances of microbiota were found in the jejunum or ileum of calves in the CON *** the TRB group,supplementing tributyrin significantly increased the abundance of shortchain fatty acid(SCFA)-producing bacteria,including Ruminococcaceae,lachnospiraceae,Prevotella and Rikenellaceae(lDA>3.5,Ply associated with inflammatory gene expression(TlR2 and Il-1b)but positively associ

关键词： Dairy calves Tributyrin Gut microbiota Inflammation Barrier function

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