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Contribution of precursor compounds to the release of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) from waste water treatment plants(WWTPs)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第11期29卷 80-90页

作者： Ulrika Eriksson Peter haglund Anna K?rrman Man-Technology-Environment (MTM) Research Centre School of Science and Technology ?rebro University department of Chemistry Umea University

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances（PFASs） are ubiquitous in sludge and water from waste water treatment plants, as a result of their incorporation in everyday products and industrial processes. In this study, we measured several classes of persistent PFASs,precursors, transformation intermediates, and newly identified PFASs in influent and effluent sewage water and sludge from three municipal waste water treatment plants in Sweden, sampled in 2015. For sludge, samples from 2012 and 2014 were analyzed as *** of precursors in sludge exceeded those of perfluoroalkyl acids and sulfonic acids（PFCAs and PFSAs）, in 2015 the sum of polyfluoroalkyl phosphoric acid esters（PAPs） were 15–20 ng/g dry weight, the sum of fluorotelomer sulfonic acids（FTSAs） was 0.8–1.3 ng/g,and the sum of perfluorooctane sulfonamides and ethanols ranged from non-detected to 3.2 ng/g. Persistent PFSAs and PFCAs were detected at 1.9–3.9 ng/g and 2.4–7.3 ng/g dry weight, respectively. The influence of precursor compounds was further demonstrated by an observed substantial increase for a majority of the persistent PFCAs and PFSAs in water after waste water treatment. Perfluorohexanoic acid（PFHxA）, perfluorooctanoic acid（PFOA）, perfluorohexane sulfonic acid（PFHxS）, and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid（PFOS）had a net mass increase in all WWTPs, with mean values of 83%, 28%, 37% and 58%,respectively. The load of precursors and intermediates in influent water and sludge combined with net mass increase support the hypothesis that degradation of precursor compounds is a significant contributor to PFAS contamination in the environment.

关键词： diPAPs FTSAs Waste water Daily discharge PFCA precursor

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Helicobacter pylori infection and low serum pepsinogen I level as risk factors for gastric carcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第7期11卷 1032-1036页

作者： Arto Kokkola Johanna Louhimo Pauli Puolakkainen Henrik Alfthan Caj haglund Hilpi Rautelin department of Surgery department of Clinical Chemistry department of Bacteriology and Immunology

AIM: To study whether examination of CagA antibodies could increase the odds ratio for gastric cancer in a casecontrol study, and how often other serum markers of gastric cancer risk could be found in Helicobacter pylori-negative patients. METHODS: H pylori CagA and parietal cell antibodies (PCAs), and serum pepsinogen I (SPGI) levels were compared between patients with gastric cancer and controls who received endoscopic examination due to reasons other than gastrointestinal malignancy. RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) for gastric cancer was 2.9 (95% CI 1.4-5.8) in H pylori + patients, and 2.4 (95% CI 1.2-4.9) in CagA+ patients. When results of H pylori and CagA antibodies were combined, OR increased to 5.0 (95% CI 2.5-10.0). Furthermore, if cardia cancer patients were excluded, the OR increased to 6.8 (95% CI 3.1-14.8). Among patients with a low SPGI level, the OR was 12.0 (95% CI 4.1-35.3). However, the risk was significant only in the older age group. The number of patients with low SPGI was significantly higher in H pylori -/CagA+ patients as compared to other cancer patients. CONCLUSION: Examination of both H pylori and CagA antibodies increases the OR for gastric cancer in our casecontrol study. CagA antibodies are important in detecting previous H pylori infection in advanced atrophic gastritis or cancer when spontaneous decline of H pylori antibodies occurs. SPGI may be helpful in screening elderly gastric cancer patients.

关键词： Gastric cancer Risk factor Atrophic gastritis

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主体间性心理治疗

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作者： (美)博斯克 (美)Pamela·haglund

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被多氯二苯并二恶英/呋喃以及其它多氯代芳香化合物污染土壤的处理方法

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AMBIO－人类环境杂志 2007年第6期36卷 445-451页

作者： Peter haglund 王大伟于默奥大学

本文综述了处理被多氯代芳香化合物,尤其是被二恶英和呋喃(PCDD/Fs)污染土壤的方法。与其它土壤污染物所不同的是PCDD/Fs与土壤颗粒紧密结合,这严重削弱了大多数水处理过程的效果,也使得除传统方法以外(填埋法、固化/稳定化、原位玻璃... 详细信息

本文综述了处理被多氯代芳香化合物,尤其是被二恶英和呋喃(PCDD/Fs)污染土壤的方法。与其它土壤污染物所不同的是PCDD/Fs与土壤颗粒紧密结合,这严重削弱了大多数水处理过程的效果,也使得除传统方法以外(填埋法、固化/稳定化、原位玻璃化技术)没有几种切合实际的选择方案。焚化法的应用时间很长,并且仍是最有效的处理技术,清除效率超过99.9999%。但是超临界水氧化法、碱性催化分解法、蒸馏法和其它多种萃取技术的清除效率也可超过95%,例如溶剂和液化气体以及亚临界水提取等。这些替代技术中的很多种可能比焚化法更廉价,有可能适用于被二恶英中度污染的土壤。然而,许多方法仍然处于发展初期,需要进行更多的试验评估其真正的潜力。

关键词：多氯二苯并二恶英氯代芳香化合物污染土壤呋喃玻璃化技术 PCDD/Fs 超临界水氧化法清除效率

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Quality of life following laparoscopic nissen fundoplication: Assessing short-term and long-term outcomes

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第24期19卷 3810-3818页

作者： Ilmo Kellokumpu Markku Voutilainen Caj haglund Martti Frkkil Peter J Roberts Hannu Kautiainen department of Surgery Central Hospital of Central Finland40620 Jyvskyl Finland department of Gastroenterology Central Hospital of Central Finland40620 Jyvskyl Finland department of Surgery Helsinki University Central Hospital Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Helsinki University Central Hospital department of Surgery Turku University Hospital Biostatistician Unit of Primary Health Care Helsinki University Hospital department of General Practice Primary Health Care Unit Turku University Hospital

AIM: To investigate the quality of life following lapa-roscopic nissen fundoplication by assessing short-term and long-term outcomes. METHODS: From 1992 to 2005, 249 patients under-went laparoscopic nissen fundoplication. Short-term outcome data including symptom response, side effects of surgery, endoscopy, and patient's perception of over-all success were collected prospectively. Long-term out-comes were investigated retrospectively in patients witha median follow-up of 10 years by assessment of reflux symptoms, side effects of surgery, durability of antire-flux surgery, need for additional treatment, patient's perception of success, and quality of life. Antireflux sur-gery was considered a failure based on the following criteria: moderate to severe heartburn or regurgitation; moderate to severe dysphagia reported in combination with heartburn or regurgitation; regular proton pump inhibitor medication use; endoscopic evidence of erosive esophagitis Savary-Miller grade 1-4; pathological 24-h pH monitoring; or necessity to undergo an additional surgery. The main outcome measures were short-and long-term cure rates and quality of life, with patient sat-isfaction as a secondary outcome measure. RESULTS: Conversion from laparoscopy to open sur-gery was necessary in 2.4% of patients. Mortality was zero and the 30-d morbidity was 7.6% (95%CI: 4.7%-11.7%). The median postoperative hospital stay was 2 d [interquartile range (IQR) 2-3 d]. Two hundred and forty-seven patients were interviewed for short-term analysis following endoscopy. Gastro-esophageal reflux disease was cured in 98.4% (95%CI: 95.9%-99.6%) of patients three months after surgery. New-onset dysphagia was encountered postoperatively in 13 patients (6.7%); 95% reported that the outcome was better after antireflux surgery than with preopera-tive medical treatment. One hundred and thirty-nine patients with a median follow-up of 10.2 years (IQR 7.2-11.6 years) were available for a long-term evalu-ation. Cumulativ

关键词： Laparoscopy nissen fundoplication Long-term outcome Antireflux Gastrointestinal symptom rating scores RAND-36

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Low trypsinogen-1 expression in pediatric ulcerative colitis patients who undergo surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第21期19卷 3272-3280页

作者： Maija Piekkala Jaana Hagstrm Maarit Tanskanen Risto Rintala Caj haglund Kaija-Leena Kolho Children's Hospital University of HelsinkiFIN-00029 HUSHelsinkiFinland department of Pathology Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiFIN-00029 HUS HelsinkiFinland department of Surgery Helsinki University Central HospitalFIN-00029 HUS HelsinkiFinland

AIM: To investigate whether matrix metalloproteinases-9 (MMP-9) or trypsinogens could serve as histological markers for an aggressive disease course in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC). METHODS: We identified 24 patients with pediatric onset (≤ 16 years) UC who had undergone surgery during childhood/adolescence a median of 2.1 years (range 0.1-7.4 years) after the diagnosis (between 1990 and 2008) in Children's Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. We also identified 27 conservatively treated UC patients and matched them based on their age at the time of diagnosis and follow-up at a median of 6 years (range 3-11 years) to serve as disease controls. Twenty children for whom inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had been excluded as a result of endoscopy served as non-IBD controls. Colon biopsies taken by diagnostic endoscopy before the onset of therapy were stained using immunohistochemistry to study the expression of MMP-9, trypsinogen-1 (Tryp-1), Tryp-2, and a trypsin inhibitor (TATI). The profiles of these proteases and inhibitor at diagnosis were compared between the surgery group, the conservatively treated UC patients and the non-IBD controls. RESULTS: The proportions of Tryp-1 and Tryp-2 positive samples in the colon epithelium and in the inflammatory cells of the colon stroma were comparable between the studied groups at diagnosis. Interestingly, the immunopositivity of Tryp-1 (median 1; range 0-3) was significantly lower in the epithelium of the colon in the pediatric UC patients undergoing surgery when compared to that of the conservatively treated UC patients (median 2; range 0-3; P = 0.03) and non-IBD controls (median 2; range 0-3; P = 0.04). For Tryp-2, there was no such difference. In the inflammatory cells of the colon stroma, the immunopositivities of Tryp-1 and Tryp-2 were comparable between the studied groups at diagnosis. Also, the proportion of samples positive for TATI, as well as the immunopositivity, was comparable between the studied groups in the colon ep

关键词： Children Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bowel disease Matrix metalloproteinase-9 resection Trypsin inhibitor

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Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A multicenter, case-control study

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World Journal of Hepatology 2017年第7期9卷 385-390页

作者： Kathleen E Corey Samer Gawrieh Andrew S deLemos Hui Zheng Andrew E Scanga Jennifer W haglund Jorge Sanchez Christopher J Danford Megan Comerford Krista Bossi Samina Munir Naga Chalasani Julia Wattacheril department of Medicine Gastrointestinal UnitMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyIndiana University School of Medicine department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyCarolinas Medical Center department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyVanderbilt University School of Medicine department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyColumbia University College of Physicians and SurgeonsNew York Presbyterian Hospital

AIM To identify risk factors associated with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), describe tumor characteristics and treatments pursed for a cohort of individuals with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) cirrhosis. METHODS We conducted a retrospective case-control study of a well-characterized cohort of patients among five liver transplant centers with NASH cirrhosis with(cases) and without HCC(controls).RESULTS Ninety-four cases and 150 controls were included. Cases were significantly more likely to be male than controls(67% vs 45%, P der age(61.9 years vs 58 years, P = 0.002). In addition, cases were more likely to have had complications of end stage liver disease(83% vs 71%, P = 0.032). On multivariate analysis, the strongest association with the presence of HCC were male gender(OR 4.3, 95%CI: 1.83-10.3, P = 0.001) and age(OR = 1.082, 95%CI: 1.03-1.13, P = 0.001). Hispanic ethnicity was associated with a decreased prevalence of HCC(OR = 0.3, 95%CI: 0.09-0.994, P = 0.048). HCC was predominantly in the form of a single lesion with regional lymph node(s) and distant metastasis in only 2.6% and 6.3%, respectively. Fifty-nine point three percent of individuals with HCC underwent locoregional therapy and 61.5% underwent liver transplantation for HCC. CONCLUSION Male gender, increased age and non-Hispanic ethnicity are associated with HCC in NASH cirrhosis. NASH cirrhosis associated HCC in this cohort was characterized by early stage disease at diagnosis and treatment with locoregional therapy and transplant.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease Cirrhosis Gender Ethnicity

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Aetiology of Tick-Borne Infections in an Adult Swedish Population—Are Co-Infections with Multiple Agents Common?

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Open Journal of Clinical Diagnostics 2014年第1期4卷 31-40页

作者： Marika Nordberg Pia Forsberg Johan Berglund Anneli Bjoersdorff Jan Ernerudh Ulf Garpmo Mats haglund Kenneth Nilsson Ingvar Eliasson Infectious Medicine Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesLinkoping UniversityLinkopingSweden department of Infectious Diseases County Council of OstergotlandLinkopingSweden Blekinge Institute of Technology School of Health ScienceKarlskronaSweden Djursjukhusgruppen DanderydSweden Clinical Immunology Department of Clinical and Experimental MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesLinkoping UniversityDepartment of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion MedicineCounty Council of OstergotlandLinkopingSweden department of Clinical Microbiology Kalmar County HospitalKalmarSweden department of Infectious Diseases Kalmar County HospitalKalmarSweden Unit of Clinical Microbiology/Infectious Diseases Department of Medical SciencesUppsala UniversityUppsalaSweden department of Laboratory Medicine Norra Alvsborg County HospitalTrollhattanSweden

In Scandinavia, tick-borne infections affecting humans include Lyme borreliosis (LB), tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA). Each of these infections can present with unspecific symptoms. In this prospective clinical study, we recruited patients based on two independent inclusion criteria;1) patients with unspecific symptoms, i.e. fever (≥38.0℃) or a history of feverishness and/or any combination of headache, myalgia or arthralgia and 2) patients with erythema migrans (EM), following an observed tick bite or tick exposure within one month prior to onset of symptoms. A total of 206 patients fulfilled the study. Among these, we could identify 186 cases of LB (174 with EM), 18 confirmed and two probable cases of HGA and two cases of TBE. Thirteen of the HGA cases presented without fever. Furthermore, 22 of the EM patients had a sub-clinical co-infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, based on serology. Both TBE cases had co-infections, one with Borrelia burgdorferi and one with Anaplasma phagocytophilum. We conclude that it is important to consider several causative agents and possible co-infections in the clinical management of infectious diseases where ticks may be suspected as vectors.

关键词： Epidemiology Tick-Borne Infections Tick-Borne Encephalitis Lyme Borreliosis Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis

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大型藻类在东部非洲污水中去除营养物质的潜在利用价值

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人类环境杂志 1995年第7期24卷 510-512页

作者： Kurt haglund Jessica Lindstrm 沈英娃 Uppsala University Department of Physiology Botany

为调查用大型藻类净化东部非洲村庄生活污水的可能性,进行了初步研究。研究工作在坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔的Unguja岛进行。在Unguja东海岸建有海滨饭店的村庄外面调查了潮间地带海藻的多样性。在排污口附近采集海水样品以分析营养物质(氮和磷... 详细信息

为调查用大型藻类净化东部非洲村庄生活污水的可能性,进行了初步研究。研究工作在坦桑尼亚桑给巴尔的Unguja岛进行。在Unguja东海岸建有海滨饭店的村庄外面调查了潮间地带海藻的多样性。在排污口附近采集海水样品以分析营养物质(氮和磷)。分析了14种大型藻类的生长特征和营养物的吸收速率,而且选择其中3种进行了污水处理模型系统的深入研究。尚未发现对大型藻种类组成有何影响。在所选的3种藻类中发现对氨、硝酸盐和磷酸盐的吸收速率很高。对于最佳吸收效率,营养物的负荷及组成(主要是氮:磷值)都是变化的。我们的结论认为,当地大型藻类有利于去除营养物质,同时建议在该地区利用由长有大型藻类的罐或池组成的简易系统进行小规模的污水净化。

关键词：藻类植物东非海洋污染营养物质

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A Longitudinal Study of Patient Reported Positioning-Related Discomfort and Pain after Laparoscopic Surgery in the Lithotomy Position

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Open Journal of Nursing 2022年第10期12卷 650-664页

作者： Ann-Chatrin Linqvist Leonardsen Egil Bekkhus Kristin E. Næss Tvete Kristin E. Næss Tvete Trine Hovland de.nis haglund Astrid Wevling department of Health and Welfare &#216 stfold University College Halden Norway Ø stfold Hospital Trust Gr&#229 lum Norway department of Surgery &#216 stfold Hospital Trust Gr&#229 lum Norway

Background: Our hypothesis was that only established and persistent injuries and complications after positioning in the Trendelenburg position are reported and detected, despite that patients may have great discomfort after surgery. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore patient reported discomfort, pain and functional decrease two hours, 24 hours and four weeks after laparoscopic resection of the colon in the prone lithotomy position, as well as factors potentially associated with reported pain. Methods: A longitudinal self-report questionnaire study was conducted at three time-points. Results: A total of 37 patients responded. Findings show that patients mostly reported pain in relation to the surgical area, but also related to other areas that may be linked to positioning. Conclusion: Even though patients reported mild pain, several of the patients still reported this, four weeks postoperatively, as well as some functional decrease. Our findings support the need to focus on preventing positioning injuries.

关键词： Positioning Injuries Operating Room Nursing Pain Discomfort Functional decrease

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