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Statistical measures of genetic differentiation of populations： Rationales, history and current states

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Current Zoology 2015年第5期61卷 886-897页

作者： Liang MA Ya-Jie JI de-xing zhang Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Institute of Applied Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Beijing Institute of Genomics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China

Population differentiation is a fundamental process of evolution, and many evolutionary studies, such as population genetics, phylogeography and conservation biology, all require the inference of population differentiation. Recently, there has been a lot of debate over the validity of FST （and its analogue Gsr） as a measure for population genetic differentiation, notably since the proposal of the new index D in 2008. Although several papers reviewed or explored specific features of these statistical measures, a succinct account of this bewildering issue with an overall update appears to be desirable. This is the purpose of the present review. The available statistics generally fall into two categories, represented by Fsv and D, respectively. None of them is perfect in measuring population genetic differentiation. Nevertheless, they each have advantages and are valuable for current re- search. In practice, both indices should be calculated and a comparison of them can generate useful insights into the evolutionary processes that influence population differentiation. FsT （GsT） has some unique irreplaceable characteristics assuring its standing as the default measure for the foreseeable near future. Also, it will continue to serve as the standard for any alternative measures to contrast with. Instead of being anxious about making choice between these indices, one should pay due attention to the equili-brium status and the level of diversity （especially Hs） of the populations, since they largely sway the power of a given statistic to address a specific question. We provide a multi-faceted comparative summary of the various statistics, which can serve as a basic reference for readers to guide their applications [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 886-897, 2015].

关键词： Population structure and subdivision Coefficient of inbreeding Fixation index Gene identity Gene flow Non-equilibrium conditions Heterozygosity FST and selection

Phylogeography of the desert scorpion illuminates a route out of Central Asia

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Current Zoology 2023年第4期69卷 442-455页

作者： Cheng-Min SHI Xue-Shu zhang Lin LIU Ya-Jie JI de-xing zhang State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation College of Plant ProtectionHebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001China State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 19 Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China

A comprehensive understanding of phylogeography requires the integration of knowledge across different organisms,ecosystems,and geographic ***,a critical knowledge gap exists in the arid biota of the vast Asian *** narrow this gap,here we test an“out-of-Central Asia”hypothesis for the desert scorpion Mesobuthus mongolicus by combining Bayesian phylogeographic reconstruction and ecological niche *** analyses of one mitochondrial and three nuclear loci and molecular dating revealed that *** represents a coherent lineage that diverged from its most closely related lineage in Central Asia about 1.36 Ma and underwent radiation ever *** phylogeographic reconstruction indicated that the ancestral population dispersed from Central Asia gradually eastward to the Gobi region via the Junggar Basin,suggesting that the Junggar Basin has severed as a corridor for Quaternary faunal exchange between Central Asia and East *** major dispersal events occurred probably during interglacial periods(around 0.8 and 0.4 Ma,respectively)when climatic conditions were analogous to present-day status,under which the scorpion achieved its maximum distributional *** underwent demographic expansion during the Last Glacial Maximum,although the predicted distributional areas were smaller than those at present and during the Last *** of desert ecosystems in northwest China incurred by intensified aridification might have opened up empty habitats that sustained population *** results extend the spatiotemporal dimensions of trans-Eurasia faunal exchange and suggest that species’adaptation is an important determinant of their phylogeographic and demographic responses to climate changes.

关键词： aridification ecological niche modeling drylands Mesobuthus Pleistocene population expansion

A simple and reliable method for discriminating between Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta （Lepidoptera： Noctuidae）

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Insect Science 2011年第6期18卷 629-634页

作者： Jia Chen Yu-Chun Wu Xin Chen Ya-Jie Ji de-xing zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Center for Computational and Evolutionary Biology Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Guangdong Entomological Institute Guangzhou Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera and the oriental tobacco budworm H. assulta are sibling species, both being important agricultural pests. Morphologically, the two insects are almost indistinguishable at the egg, larval and pupal stages. One of the big challenges in the study of these insects, in particular in integrated pest management, is a timely and dependable identification of these insects at their early stages of development. Here, we report a H. armigera-specific nuclear DNA marker, and demonstrate that it can be employed to reliably discriminate between 1-1. armigera and 11. assulta by simple polymerase chain reaction amplification experiment.

关键词： Helicoverpa punctigera lepidopteran nuclear DNA marker pest management PCR species identification

Novel polymorphic microsatellite markers developed in the cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera （Lepidoptera：Noctuidae）

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Insect Science 2005年第5期12卷 331-334页

作者： YA-JIE JI YU-CHUN WU de-xing zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

A novel set of five polymorphic di- or trinucleofide microsatellite loci suitable for population genetic study were developed from an enriched genomic library for the pest insect cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, and cross-amplifiability of these and other published loci was tested in a closely related species, the tobacco budworm, ***. The expected heterozygosity at these loci ranges from 0.62 to 0.91 in the cotton bollworm. The observed allele numbers varies from 4 to 12 in the limited number of individuals tested. Although a large proportion of cloned microsatellite sequences are present in multi-copy in the cotton bollworm genome, the overwhelming majority of the finalized polymorphic diallelic loci are tri-nucleotide microsatellites - an unexpected outcome, which should facilitate subsequent genotyping analysis.

关键词： Helicoverpa armigera microsatellite moth PCR primer multi-copy loci population dynamics

An optimization-oriented modeling approach using input convex neural networks and its application on optimal chiller loading

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Building Simulation 2024年第4期17卷 639-655页

作者： Shanshuo xing Jili zhang Song Mu Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024China Guangdong Airport Baiyun Information Technology Co. Ltd.Guangzhou510000China

Optimization for the multi-chiller system is an indispensable approach for the operation of highly efficient chiller *** optima obtained by model-based optimization algorithms are dependent on precise and solvable objective *** classical neural networks cannot provide convex input-output mappings despite capturing impressive nonlinear fitting capabilities,resulting in a reduction in the robustness of model-based *** this paper,we leverage the input convex neural networks(ICNN)to identify the chiller model to construct a convex mapping between control variables and the objective function,which enables the NN-based OCL as a convex optimization problem and apply it to multi-chiller optimization for optimal chiller loading(OCL).Approximation performances are evaluated through a four-model comparison based on an experimental data set,and the statistical results show that,on the premise of retaining prior convexities,the proposed model depicts excellent approximation power for the data set,especially the unseen ***,the ICNN model is applied to a typical OCL problem for a multi-chiller system and combined with three types of optimization *** with conventional and meta-heuristic methods,the numerical results suggest that the gradient-based BFGS algorithm provides better energy-saving ratios facing consecutive cooling load inputs and an impressive convergence speed.

关键词： chiller plant input convex neural network optimal load distribution convex optimization

Numerical simulation study on the hygrothermal performance of building exterior walls under dynamic wind-driven rain condition

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Building Simulation 2024年第2期17卷 207-221页

作者： xing Hu Huibo zhang Hui Yu School of design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China

Wind-driven rain(WDR)has a significant influence on the hygrothermal performance,durability,and energy consumption of building *** calculation of WDR loads using semi-empirical models has been incorporated into the boundary conditions of coupled heat and moisture transfer ***,prior research often relied on fixed WDR absorption ratio,which fail to accurately capture the water absorption characteristics of porous building materials under rainfall ***,this study aims to investigate the coupled heat and moisture transfer of exterior walls under dynamic WDR boundary conditions,utilizing an empirically obtained WDR absorption ratio model based on field *** developed coupled heat and moisture transfer model is validated against the HAMSTAD *** findings reveal that the total WDR flux calculated with the dynamic WDR boundary is lower than that obtained with the fixed WDR boundary,with greater disparities observed in orientations experiencing higher WDR *** variations in moisture flow significantly impact the surface temperature and relative humidity of the walls,influencing the calculation of cooling and heating loads by different *** to the transient heat transfer model,the coupled heat and moisture transfer model incorporating dynamic WDR boundary exhibits maximum increases of 17.6%and 16.2%in cooling and heating loads,*** dynamic WDR boundary conditions provide more precise numerical values for surface moisture flux,offering valuable insights for the thermal design of building enclosures and load calculations for HVAC systems.

关键词： wind-driven rain building component hygrothermal model transient simulation cooling and heating loads

Fabrication of Biomimetic Surface for Hydrophobic and Anti-icing Purposes via the Capillary Force Lithography

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第1期21卷 74-83页

作者： Wenqiang xing Yiping Tang Fengzhou Zhao Lichun zhang dengying zhang School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Ludong UniversityYantai 264025China

In this paper,inspired by lotus leaf surfaces,we fabricated biomimetic multi-scale micro-nano-structures by Two-Step Capillary Force Lithography(TS-CFL)and UV-assisted Capillary Force Lithography(UV-CFL).The experimental results indicated that TS-CFL was unfitted to fabricate large-area multi-scale ***,UV-CFL can fabricate large-area multi-scale *** discussed the hydrophobic and anti-icing properties of the biomimetic surfaces fabricated by these two *** found that small structures are significant for improving the hydrophobic anti-icing properties of single-structured or structureless *** believe that these results can complement the experimental details of both technologies and enable the development of more interesting micro-nano-structures biomimetic surfaces by both technologies in the future.

关键词： Capllary force lithography Biomimetic lotus leaf Multi-scale structures Hydrophobic Anti-icing

Climatic niche defines geographical distribution of Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus(Scorpiones:Buthidae) in Gobi desert

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Zoological Systematics 2015年第3期40卷 339-348页

作者： Cheng-Min Shi Hong-Bin Liang Dorjsuren Altanchimeg Nonnaizab Chultem Chuluunjav de-xing zhang State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of the Zoological Systematics and Evolution Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Biology Mongolian Academy of Sciences College of Life Science and Technology Inner Mongolia Normal University Plant Protection Research Institute Mongolian State University of Agriculture

Scorpion fauna of Mongolia, which are thus far poorly understood, were investigated country-wide during a China-Mongolia joint field survey from 2009 to 2012. Of the total 134 sites we surveyed, scorpions were found at 10 sites in the southern Gobi regions, Umnugovi and Dornogovi Aimags （Provinces） of Mongolia. All scorpions collected from Mongolia belong to a single species, Mesobuthus eupeus mongolicus. Combining with its occurrence records in China, we assembled 98 presence data for M. eupeus mongolicus and predicted its geographical distribution using ecological niche modeling approach. This species occurs exclusively in the arid deserts and steppes, ranging from the west extreme of Junggar Basin （Xinjiang） to the Gobi deserts in North China and South Mongolia, with its distributional margins set by the Altai Mountains in the north, the Tian-Shan Mountains and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south, and the Loess Plateau in the east. We found that ecological niche models could accurately predict （AUC = 0.880 ± 0.016） geographic distribution of M. eupeus mongolicus. Our results show that climate is a reliable predictor for the geographic range of M. eupeus mongolicus, implying that climate might have exerted a dominant control over the natural occurrence of this species. A brief note on the ecology ofM. eupeus mongolicus was also provided,

关键词： Scorpion fauna ecological niche modeling prey Mongolia China.

A brief review on the recent development of phonon engineering and manipulation at nanoscales

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第1期6卷 177-206页

作者： Siqi Xie Hongxin Zhu xing zhang Haidong Wang Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China

Phonons are the quantum mechanical descriptions of vibrational modes that manifest themselves in many physical properties of condensed matter systems. As the size of electronic devices continues to decrease below mean free paths of acoustic phonons, the engineering of phonon spectra at the nanoscale becomes an important topic. Phonon manipulation allows for active control and management of heat fow, enabling functions such as regulated heat transport. At the same time, phonon transmission, as a novel signal transmission method, holds great potential to revolutionize modern industry like microelectronics technology, and boasts wide-ranging applications. Unlike fermions such as electrons, polarity regulation is difficult to act on phonons as bosons, making the development of effective phonon modulation methods a daunting *** work reviews the development of phonon engineering and strategies of phonon manipulation at different scales, reports the latest research progress of nanophononic devices such as thermal rectifiers, thermal transistors, thermal memories, and thermoelectric devices,and analyzes the phonon transport mechanisms involved. Lastly, we survey feasible perspectives and research directions of phonon engineering. Thermoelectric analogies, external field regulation, and acousto-optic co-optimization are expected to become future research hotspots.

关键词： phonon engineering phononic device nanoscale