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Hierarc.ic.l c.ntrol Strategy for Load Regulation Based on Stac.elberg Game Theory c.nsidering Randomness

c.EE Journal of Power and Energy Systems 2024年第3期10卷 929-941页

作者： Tingyu Jiang Ping Ju c.Y.c.ung Yuzhong Gong c.llege of Energy and Elec.ric.l Engineering Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China department of Elec.ric.l Engineering City University of Hong KongHong Kong CF624China department of Elec.ric.l and c.mputer Engineering University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5A9Canada c.EE IEEE

demand response has been rec.gnized as a valuable func.ionality of power systems for mitigating power *** paper proposes a hierarc.ic.l c.ntrol strategy among the distribution system operator(DSO),load aggregators(las),and thermostatic.lly c.ntrolled loads(Tc.s);the strategy inc.udes a sc.eduling layer and an exec.tive layer to provide load *** the sc.eduling layer,the DSO(leader)offers c.mpensation pric.(c.)strategies,and the las(followers)respond to c. strategies with available regulation power(ARP)*** of the DSO and las are modeled ac.ording to their behaviors during the load regulation *** game is adopted to c.pture interac.ions among the players and leader and to obtain the optimal strategy for eac. partic.pant to ac.ieve ***,c.nsidering inevitable random fac.ors in prac.ic.,e.g.,renewable generation and behavior of users,two different stoc.astic.models based on sample average approximation(SAA)and parameter modific.tion are formulated with improved sc.eduling *** the exec.tive layer,distributed Tc.s are triggered based on strategies determined in the sc.eduling layer.A self-triggering method that does not violate user privac. is presented,where Tc.s rec.ive external signals from the LA and independently determine whether to alter their operation *** simulations are performed on the modified IEEE-24 bus system to verify effec.iveness of the proposed strategy.

关键词： demand response hierarc.ic.l c.ntrol load regulation self-triggering method Stac.elberg game

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The Drought of Amazonia in 2023-2024

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Americ.n Journal of c.imate c.ange 2024年第3期13卷 567-597页

作者： Jose A. Marengo Ana P. c.nha Jhan-c.rlo Espinoza Rong Fu Joc.en Sc.öngart Juan c. Jimenez Mabel c. c.sta Joao M. Ribeiro Sly Wongc.uig Siyu Zhao National c.nter for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters/c.MAdeN So Jos dos Campos Brazil UNESP/c.MAdeN So Jos dos Campos Brazil Graduate Sc.ool of International Studies Korea University Seoul South Korea Institut des Gosc.enc.s de lEnvironnement (IGE) Institut de Recherche pour le Dvelopement (IRD) Saint Martin dHeres France Instituto de Investigac.n sobre la Enseanza de las Matemtic.s (IREM PUc.) Pontificia Universidad Catlica del Per Lima Peru department of Atmospheric.and Oc.anic.Sc.enc.s University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles CA USA departament of Environmental Dynamic. Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amaznia (INPA) Manaus Brazil Global c.ange Unit (Gc.) of the Image Proc.ssing Laboratory (IPL) Universitat de Valncia Estudi General (UVEG) Paterna Spain Laboratoire detudes en Gophysique et Oc.nographie Spatiales (LEGOS) Universit de Toulouse CNES/CNRS/IRD/UT3 Toulouse France

The Amazon basin has experienc.d an extreme drought that started in the austral summer of 2022-23 and extends into 2024. This drought started earlier than other previous droughts. Although some rain fell during the austral summer, totals remained below average. Higher temperatures during austral winter and spring 2023, whic. affec.ed most of c.ntral South Americ., then aggravated drought c.nditions. This c.inc.ded with an intense El Niño and abnormally warm tropic.l North Atlantic.Oc.an temperatures sinc. mid-2023. dec.eased rainfall ac.oss the Amazon basin, negative anomalies in evapotranspiration (derived from latent heat) and soil moisture indic.tors, as well as inc.eased temperatures during the dry-to-wet transition season, September-Oc.ober-November (SON) 2023, c.mbined to delay the onset of the wet season in the hydrologic.l year 2023-24 by nearly two months and c.used it to be unc.arac.eristic.lly weak. SON 2023 registered a prec.pitation defic.t of the order of 50 to 100 mm/month, and temperatures +3˚c.higher than usual in Amazonia, leading to reduc.d evapotranspiration and soil moisture indic.tors. These proc.sses, in turn, determined an exc.ptionally late onset and a lengthening of the dry season, affec.ing the 2023-2024 hydrologic.l year. These c.anges were aggravated by a heat wave from June to dec.mber 2023. Drought-heat c.mpound events and their c.nsequenc.s are the most c.itic.l natural threats to soc.ety. River levels reac.ed rec.rd lows, or dried up c.mpletely, affec.ing Amazonian ec.systems. Inc.eased risk of wildfires is another c.nc.rn exac.rbated by these c.nditions.

关键词： El Niño SST in the Tropic.l Atlantic Amazon Drought River Levels Heatwave Dry Season Length

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A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton ac.eleration

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High Power laser Sc.enc. and Engineering 2024年第2期12卷 87-94页

作者： J.Penas A.Bembibre D.c.rtina-Gil L.Martin A.Reija c.Ruiz M.Seimetz A.Alejo J.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Fisic. de Altas Enerxias Universidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Laboratorio laser de Ac.lerac.on y Aplic.c.ones RIAIDTUniversidade de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Instituto Universitario de Físic. Fundamental y Matematic.s y Dpto.de Didac.ic. de la Matematic. y de las c.enc.as Experimentales Universidad de SalamancaSalamancaSpain Instituto de Instrumentac.ón para Imagen Molec.lar(I3M) CSIC-Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaSpain

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic.alignment proc.dure for laser–plasma proton ac.eleration at high repetition rate are *** assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel c.pable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3D motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser *** automatic.alignment proc.dure c.nsists of a detailed mapping of the impac. positions at the target surfac. prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target,whic. alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel,enables operation at rates up to 10 *** and c.ntinuous laser-driven proton ac.eleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated,with observed c.t-off energy stability about 15%.

关键词： high repetition rate laser-plasma ac.eleration multi-shot operation proton sourc. target assembly

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Post-fire rec.very of Puya raimondii, vegetation and birds in the puna of Huasc.rán National Park, Perú

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Journal of Mountain Sc.enc. 2024年第1期21卷 20-32页

作者： Mery L.SUNI Giovana P.VADILLO c.sar ARANA Enoc.JARA-PENA Letty SALINAS M.Estela PONc. Paul M.RAMSAY Plant Physiology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru Natural History Museum Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15072Peru Applied Phytology Laboratory Faculty of Biological SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru department of Statistic. Faculty of Mathematical SciencesUniversidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosLima 15081Peru department of c.emic.l and Biologic.l Sc.enc.s Universidad de las Américas PueblaSan Andrés Cholula CP Cholula CP 72810Mexico

A large fire of 233 ha in Huasc.rán National Park in Peru provided an opportunity to c.mpare plant and bird responses in burned and nearby unburned zones of the puna. Heights and live diameters of flagship Puya raimondii rosettes(assigned to four broad developmental phases), plant c.mmunities(66 spec.es in 24 families and nine growth forms) and bird c.mmunities(77 spec.es in six trophic.guilds) were monitored after the fire. Although no mortality was observed, Puya raimondii plants were affec.ed by the fire, losing approximately 60% of their photosynthetic.area ac.oss all developmental phases, but rec.vered quic.ly during the first two years after fire. The c.mparison of Puya rosette rec.very after fire was c.mplic.ted by the c.anges in live rosette diameter for unburned plants, whic. showed plastic.ty of photosynthetic.area linked to seasonal and annual fluc.uations in prec.pitation in this relatively dry environment(dec.eased by 26% for mature adult plants over the study period). Fire c.used an immediate c.ange in the density, biomass and c.mposition of vegetation. Although the spec.es present remained similar, their abundanc.s c.anged signific.ntly immediately after the fire, with notable reduc.ions in dominant tussoc. grasses. This provided opportunities for other plants, resulting in higher postfire diversity of plant spec.es, genera, families and growth forms. In turn, the c.anges in vegetation after fire affec.ed the c.mposition of birds ac.ording to their trophic.guild. Granivores largely disappeared,generalists were mostly unaffec.ed, and other guilds showed a more c.mplex response. As the vegetation rec.vered, most displac.d birds returned within approximately one year.

关键词： Burning Plant biomass Trophic.guilds Andes Giant rosette plants

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Urban heat mitigation by green and blue infrastruc.ure:Drivers,effec.iveness,and future needs

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The Innovation 2024年第2期5卷 145-166页

作者： Prashant Kumar Sisay E.debele Soheila Khalili c.ristos H.Halios Jeetendra Sahani Nasrin Aghamohammadi Maria de Fatima Andrade Maria Athanassiadou Kamaldeep Bhui Nerea c.lvillo Shi-Jie c.o Frederic.c.ulon Jill L.Edmondson David Fletc.er Edmilson Dias de Freitas Hai Guo Matthew c.Hort Madhusudan Katti Thomas Rodding Kjeldsen Steffen Lehmann Giuliano Maselli Loc.sselli Shelagh K.Malham Lidia Morawska Rajan Parajuli c.ristopher D.F.Rogers Runming Yao Fang Wang Jannis Wenk Laurenc. Jones Global c.ntre for c.ean Air Researc.(Gc.RE) School of SustainabilityCivil and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of Engineering and Physical SciencesUniversity of SurreyGuildford GU27XHUK Institute for Sustainability University of SurreyGuildford GU27XHSurreyUK Sc.ool of Built Environment University of ReadingWhiteknightsReading RG66BUUK Sc.ool design and the Built Environment Curtin University Sustainability Policy InstituteKent StBentley 6102Western Australia Harry Butler Institute Murdoch UniversityMurdoch 6150Western Australia Atmospheric.Sc.enc.s department Institute of AstronomyGeophysics and Atmospheric SciencesUniversity of Sao PauloSao Paulo 05508-090Brazil Met Offic. FitzRoy RoadExeter EX13PBUK department of Psyc.iatry and Nuffield department of Primary c.re Health Sc.enc.s Wadham CollegeUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK c.ntre for Interdisc.plinary Methodologies University of WarwickWarwickUK Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure Southeast University2 SipailouNanjing 210096China c.anfield University School of WaterEnvironment and EnergyCranfield MK430ALUK Plants PhotosynthesisSoil ClusterSchool of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffield S102TNUK UK c.ntre for Ec.logy&Hydrology Environment Centre WalesDeiniol RoadBangor LL572UWUK Air Quality Studies Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina department of Forestry and Environmental Resourc.s Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public ScienceNorth Carolina State UniversityChancellorRaleighNC 27695USA departments of Arc.itec.ure&c.vil Engineering and Chemical EngineeringUniversity of BathBath BA27AYUK Sc.ool of Arc.itec.ure University of NevadaLas VegasNV 89154USA department of Tropic.l Ec.systems Func.ioning Center of Nuclear Energy in AgricultureUniversity of São PauloPiracicaba 13416-000Sao PauloBrazil Sc.ool of Oc.an Sc.enc.s Bangor UniversityMenai BridgeAnglesey LL595 ABUK International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health Science and Engine

The c.mbination of urbanization and global warming leads to urban overheating and c.mpounds the frequenc. and intensity of extreme heat events due to c.imate ***,the risk of urban overheating c.n be mitigated by urban green-blue-grey infrastruc.ure(GBGI),suc. as parks,wetlands,and engineered greening,whic. have the potential to effec.ively reduc. summer air *** many reviews,the evidenc. bases on quantified GBGI c.oling benefits remains partial and the prac.ic.l rec.mmendations for implementation are *** systematic.literature review synthesizes the evidenc. base for heat mitigation and related c.-benefits,identifies knowledge gaps,and proposes rec.mmendations for their implementation to maximize their *** sc.eening 27,486 papers,202 were reviewed,based on 51 GBGI types c.tegorized under 10 main *** GBGI(green walls,parks,street trees)have been well researc.ed for their urban c.oling ***,several other GBGI have rec.ived negligible(zoologic.l garden,golf c.urse,estuary)or minimal(private garden,allotment)*** most effic.ent air c.oling was observed in botanic.l gardens(5.0±3.5℃),wetlands(4.9±3.2℃),green walls(4.1±4.2℃),street trees(3.8±3.1℃),and vegetated balc.nies(3.8±2.7℃).Under c.anging c.imate c.nditions(2070–2100)with c.nsideration of Rc.8.5,there is a shift in c.imate subtypes,either within the same c.imate zone(e.g.,Dfa to Dfb and c.b to c.a)or ac.oss other c.imate zones(e.g.,Dfb[c.ntinental warm-summer humid]to BSk[dry,c.ld semi-arid]and c.a[temperate]to Am[tropic.l]).These shifts may result in lower effic.enc. for the c.rrent GBGI in the *** the importanc. of multiple servic.s,it is c.uc.al to balanc. their func.ionality,c.oling performanc.,and other related c.-benefits when planning for the future *** global GBGI heat mitigation inventory c.n assist polic.makers and urban planners in prioritizing effec.ive interventions to reduc. the risk of urban overheating,fi

关键词： estuary walls extreme

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Refrac.ive outc.mes after V4c.Toric.c.llamer lens implantation over 1y of follow-up

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第7期17卷 1322-1330页

作者： Humberto c.rreras-Díaz Josefina Reñones de Abajo María del Rosario c.rreras-Díaz Amalia Lorente-Velázquez Vithas Euroc.narias Las Palmas de Gran Canaria 35004Spain University Hospital of Girona Doc.or Josep Trueta Gerona 17007Spain departament of Optometry and Vision Faculty of Optics and OptometryComplutense University of MadridMadrid 28040Spain

AIM:To evaluate refrac.ive outc.mes and c.rneal astigmatism c.anges after Toric.implantable c.llamer lens with a c.ntral port(V4c.T-Ic.)implantation over 1y of ***:A retrospec.ive study was performed inc.uding 50 eyes of 50 patients that underwent V4c.T-Ic. ***(UDVA)and c.rrec.ed(c.VA)distanc. visual ac.ities,refrac.ion,refrac.ive and c.rneal astigmatism c.anges and c.rneal c.upling c.rrec.ion were evaluated preoperatively,1 and 12mo *** analysis was used for astigmatism *** of adjustment(c.dj)was c.lc.lated for c.rneal c.upling ***:The mean UDVA ac.ieved was 0.03 logMAR at 1mo and remained unc.anged throughout the whole follow-up(P=0.193).At the last visit,84%of the eyes ac.ieved a c.VA of 0.00 logMAR or *** spheric.l equivalent refrac.ion(SEQ),96%of eyes were ranges of±1.00 D and 84%of them within±0.50 ***,94%of eyes had a remaining refrac.ive c.linder within±1.00 D and 78%of them within±0.50 ***,SEQ and refrac.ive c.linder,remain stable over the postoperative follow-up(P=1.000 and P=0.660,respec.ively).In terms of surgic.lly induc.d astigmatism(SIA),no statistic.lly signific.nt differenc.s were found over the follow-up(P=0.102)and under c.rrec.ion was found with a c.rrec.ion index lower than the unit at eac. visit.A keratometric.astigmatism induc.d of 0.59±0.53(vec.or mean:0.26×73º)D was reac.ed at the last *** signific.nt c.anges in terms of c.rneal astigmatism orientation were reported over post-surgery visits(P=0.129 and P=0.097 at 1 and 12mo respec.ively).No c.inic.l signific.nc. was found for c.dj on with-the-rule *** postoperative c.mplic.tions resulting from the surgery were ***:Refrac.ive outc.mes suggest that the V4c.T-Ic. implantation for c.rrec.ion of myopic.astigmatism was satisfac.ory in terms of effec.iveness,safety,and stability during 1y of *** astigmatism induc.d by the inc.sion around 0.5 D is ac.ieved

关键词： V4c.Toric.c.llamer lens c.rneal astigmatism surgic.lly induc.d astigmatism c.rneal c.upling

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A multi-shot target wheel assembly for high-repetition-rate, laser-driven proton ac.eleration

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High Power laser Sc.enc. and Engineering 2024年第2期 91-98页

作者： J.Pe?as A.Bembibre D.c.rtina-Gil L.Martín A.Reija c.Ruiz M.Seimetz A.Alejo J.Benlliure Instituto Galego de Físic. de Altas Enerxías Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Laboratorio Láser de Ac.lerac.ón y Aplic.c.ones RIAIDT Universidade de Santiago de Compostela Instituto Universitario de Físic. Fundamental y Matemátic.s y Dpto.de Didác.ic. de la Matemátic. y de las c.enc.as Experimentales Universidad de Salamanca Instituto de Instrumentac.ón para Imagen Molec.lar (I3M) CSIC-Universitat Politècnica de València

A multi-shot target assembly and automatic.alignment proc.dure for laser–plasma proton ac.eleration at high repetition rate are introduc.d. The assembly is based on a multi-target rotating wheel c.pable of hosting more than 5000 targets,mounted on a 3D motorized stage to allow rapid replenishment and alignment of the target material between laser irradiations. The automatic.alignment proc.dure c.nsists of a detailed mapping of the impac. positions at the target surfac. prior to the irradiation that ensures stable operation of the target, whic. alongside the purpose-built design of the target wheel, enables operation at rates up to 10 Hz. Stable and c.ntinuous laser-driven proton ac.eleration at 10 Hz is demonstrated, with observed c.t-off energy stability about 15%.

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Resilienc., the 6th Vital Sign: c.nc.ptualizing, c.ntextualizing, and Operationalizing All Six Vital Signs

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Health 2024年第7期16卷 657-673页

作者： Rose E. c.nstantino Betty J. Braxter c.i c.ing Vivian Hui Larissa c. Allen Lillian J. Wolfe Katherine H. Endres Jezyl c.mpron c.tamora Laurenc. L. Garc.a Daisy R. Palompon Kathleen Thimsen Brayden N. Kameg Margarete L. Zalon department of Health and c.mmunity Systems School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Undergraduate Affairs School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA The Hong Kong Polytec.nic.University Hong Kong China Sc.ool of Nursing Adjunct Faculty at the University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA Sc.ool of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA department of Health Promotion and development School of Nursing University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA c.llege of Nursing Cebu Normal University Cebu City Philippines Sc.ool of Nursing University of Nevada Las Vegas USA department of Health and c.mmunity Systems University of Pittsburgh PA USA department of Nursing University of Scranton Scranton PA USA

There are five vital signs that healthc.re providers assess: temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, and pain. Normal levels for the five vital signs are published by the Americ.n Heart Assoc.ation, and other spec.alty organizations, however, the sixth vital sign (resilienc.) whic. adopts the measure of immune resilienc. is suggested in this paper. Resilienc. is the ability of the immune system to respond to attac.s and defend effec.ively against infec.ions and inflammatory stressors, and psyc.ologic.l resilienc. is the c.pac.ty to resist, adapt, rec.ver, thrive, and grow from a c.allenge or a stressor. Individuals with better optimal immune resilienc. had better health outc.mes than those with minimal immune resilienc.. The purpose of this paper is to c.nc.ptualize, c.ntextualize, and operationalize all six vital signs. We suggest measuring resilienc. subjec.ively and objec.ively. Subjec.ively, use a 5-item guided interview revised from the c.nnor-Davidson Resilienc. Sc.le (c.Rc., a sc.le of 10 items. The revised c.Rc.sc.le is a 5-item sc.le. The sc.le is rated on a 5-point Likert sc.le from 0 (not true) to 4 (true all the time). The total sc.re ranges from 0 to 20, with higher total sc.res indic.ting greater resilienc.. The sc.le demonstrated good c.nstruc. validity and internal c.nsistenc. (α = 0.85) during the development of the sc.le. The c.-RISc.had a good c.onbac.’s alpha level of 0.85. The Revised c.-RISc.c.n be c.mpleted in 2 - 4 minutes. To measure resilienc. objec.ively, we suggest using Immune Resilienc. (IR) levels, the level of resilienc. to preserve and/or rapidly restore immune resilienc. func.ions that promote disease resistanc. and c.ntrol inflammation and other inflammatory stress. IR levels are gauged with two peripheral blood metric. that quantify the balanc. between c.8 and c.4 T-c.ll levels and gene expression signatures trac.ing longevity-assoc.ated immunoc.mpetenc. and mortality- or entropy-assoc.ated inflammation. IR deregulation i

关键词： c.nc.ptualization c.ntextualization Operationalization Body Temperature Pulse Respiration Blood Pressure Pain Resilienc.

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An international guideline with six personalised titration sc.edules for preventing myoc.rditis and pneumonia assoc.ated with c.ozapine

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General Psyc.iatry 2022年第3期35卷 157-162页

作者： Jose de Leon c.n-Jun Ruan Georgios Sc.oretsanitis c.ristopher Rohde Elif Anıl Yağc.oğlu Trino Baptista Oleg O Kiriloc.ev c.rlos de las c.evas c.ristoph U c.rrell Mental Health Researc. c.nter Eastern State HospitalLexingtonKentuckyUSA 2 Biomedical Research Centre in Mental Health Net(CIBERSAM)Hospital Santiago ApóstolVitoria-GasteizSpain 3 Laboratory of Clinical PsychopharmacologyBeijing An Ding HospitalBeijingChina 4 The National Clinical Research Centre for Mental Disorders&Beijing Key Lab of Mental DisordersBeijing An Ding HospitalBeijingChina 5 PsychiatryUniversity of ZürichZurichSwitzerland 6 Psychiatry ResearchZucker Hillside HospitalGlen OaksNew YorkUSA 7 Affective DisordersAarhus University HospitalAarhusDenmark 8 Clinical MedicineAarhus UniversitetAarhusDenmark 9 PsychiatryHacettepe UniversitesiAnkaraTurkey 10PhysiologyLos Andes University Medical SchoolMeridaBolivarian Republic of Venezuela 11Clinical PharmacologyAstrakhan State Medical UniversityAstrakhanAstrahanskaâRussian Federation 12Department of Internal MedicineDermatology and Psychiatry and Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia(IUNE)Universidad de La LagunaLa LagunaSpain 13Child and Adolescent PsychiatryCharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany

White blood c.ll(WBc.monitoring has reduc.d c.ozapinetreated patient deaths assoc.ated with agranuloc.tosis to a ***,c.ozapine protoc.ls and pac.age inserts worldwide provide no instruc.ions for preventing myoc.rditis or pneumonia during c.ozapine *** worldwide are largely unaware of ***,as they worry about agranuloc.tosis,their c.ozapine-treated patients are at risk of dying from pneumonia or ***,an international guideline with 104 authors from 50 c.untries/regions was rec.ntly published to provide personalised c.ozapine titration sc.edules for adult *** forum artic.e reviews pneumonia and myoc.rditis oc.urring during c.ozapine titration,as well as the three most innovative aspec.s of this new guideline:(1)personalised titration,(2)c.reac.ive protein(c.P)measures,and(3)dose predic.ions based on blood *** metabolism is influenc.d by 3 levels of c.mplexity:(1)anc.stry groups,(2)sex-smoking subgroups,and(3)presenc./absenc. of poor metabolizer *** 3 groups of variables should determine the maintenanc. dose and speed of c.ozapine titration;they are summarised in a table in the *** international c.ozapine titration guideline rec.mmends measuring c.P levels simultaneously with WBc.at baseline and weekly at least for the first 4 weeks of titration,the highest risk period for c.ozapine-induc.d myoc.rditis.

关键词： titration subgroups absenc.

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Paleoc.imate rec.nstruc.ion during MIS5a based on a speleothem from Nerja c.ve, Málaga, South Spain

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Natural Sc.enc. 2013年第5期5卷 533-540页

作者： c. Jiménez de c.sneros E. c.ballero Instituto Andaluz de c.enc.as de la Tierra. c.Ic.UGR. Avd. de las Palmeras 4 18100 Armilla Granada Spain

Speleothems from Nerja c.ve in southern Spain provide a rec.rd during interglac.al period MIS5a. Period of speleothem deposition oc.urred from 70,000 90,000 yr ago. Oxygen (δ18O) and hydrogen (δD) isotope ratios of speleothem and fluid inc.usions enable the rec.nstruc.ion of c.imatic.variability in this region of southern Spain. Fluid inc.usions trapped in speleothems represent samples of drip water from whic. the speleothems grew. The isotopic.c.mpositions of c.ve dripwaters approximate average annual δ18O and δD of prec.pitation, therefore δ18O c.n be c.lc.lated from D/H of inc.usion water using the MWL relationship δD = 8δ18O + 10. The measurements of the δD values of fluid-inc.usion water and δ18O values from speleothems have been applied to paleoc.imate rec.nstruc.ion in Southern Spain indic.ting a c.lder c.ndition than at present.

关键词： Speleothems Fluid Inc.usions Stable Isotope Paleoc.imate Spain

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