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Neuroprotection and neuroregeneration:roles for the white matter

Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第11期17卷 2376-2380页

作者： Vito Antonio Baldassarro Agnese Stanzani Luciana Giardino laura Calzà luca Lorenzini department of Veterinary Medical Science University of BolognaBolognaItaly Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies University of BolognaBolognaItaly Fondazione IRET Ozzano EmiliaItaly department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology University of BolognaBolognaItaly Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute ImolaItaly

Efficient strategies for neuroprotection and repair are still an unmet medical need for neurodegenerative diseases and lesions of the central nervous *** the last few decades,a great deal of attention has been focused on white matter as a potential therapeutic target,mainly due to the discovery of the oligodendrocyte precursor cells in the adult central nervous system,a cell type able to fully repair myelin damage,and to the development of advanced imaging techniques to visualize and measure white matter *** combination of these two events has greatly increased the body of research into white matter alte rations in central nervous system lesions and neurodegenerative diseases and has identified the oligodendrocyte precursor cell as a putative target for white matter lesion repair,thus indirectly contributing to *** review aims to discuss the potential of white matter as a therapeutic target for neuroprotection in lesions and diseases of the central nervous *** conditions are discussed,specifically multiple scle rosis as a white matter disease;spinal cord injury,the acute lesion of a central nervous system component where white matter prevails over the gray matte r,and Alzheimer's disease,where the white matter was considered an ancilla ry component until *** first describe oligodendrocyte precursor cell biology and developmental myelination,and its regulation by thyroid hormones,then briefly describe white matter imaging techniques,which are providing information on white matter involvement in central nervous system lesions and degenerative ***,we discuss pathological mechanisms which interfere with myelin repair in adulthood.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease multiple sclerosis oligodendrocyte precursor cells spinal cord injury thyroid hormone traumatic brain injury white matter white matter imaging

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Dietary Supplementation of Oregano and Sage Dried Leaves on Performances and Meat Quality of Rabbits

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2013年第11期12卷 1937-1945页

作者： luca Rotolo Francesco Gai Silvana Nicola Ivo Zoccarato Alberto Brugiapaglia laura Gasco department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences(DiSAFA)University of Turin Institute of Science of Food Production National Research Council

The aim of this research was to evaluate the dietary supplementation 1% （w/w） of oregano and sage dried leaves on performances and meat quality of broiler rabbits. A feeding trial, which lasted 48 d, was carried out on 105 male Bianca Italiana rabbits randomly divided in seven groups and fed ad libitum. At the end of the trial ten animals per group were slaughtered and samples of dorsal muscle were taken in order to perform laboratory analysis. Mortality rate did not statistically differ between groups. Growth performances of animals fed diets supplemented with aromatic plants were higher （P〈0.05） than those of animals of control group, whereas carcass parameters were not affected by treatments excepting for the slaughter weight that showed the same trend as growth performances. Meat quality traits, oxidative lipid stability and fatty acid proifle were not inlfuenced by aromatic plant supplementation. In conclusion, oregano and sage in form of dried leaves can be used in rabbit without adverse effects on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality traits.

关键词： oregano sage lipid oxidation fatty acids meat quality rabbits

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Standardization issues in botanicals:A metabolomic and in silico approach to Monascus purpureus food supplements

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 1064-1073页

作者： laura Righetti luca dellafiora Enrico Rolli Chiara Dall’Asta Renato Bruni Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti e del Farmaco University of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze27a43124ParmaItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche della Vita e della Sostenibilità AmbientaleUniversity of ParmaParco Area delle Scienze11a43124ParmaItaly

A metabolomic strategy was explored to profile 33 Monascus purpureus botanicals,revealing low standardization levels in terms of monacolins and Monascus pigments.A fast and highly accurate screening method was applied by means of UHPLC-TWIMS-QTOF,enabling the monitoring of 36 monacolins and 8 *** confirmed that very different fermentation processes are used for red yeast rice production,resulting in erratic profiles and large variability among ***,minor monacolins represented on average a 37%(range 8–54%)of the sum of monacolins and *** and dihydromonacolins were spanning from 7 to 43%with as many as 26 products containing a relative percentage exceeding 20%.Total pigments average ranged between traces and 65%,with a percentage exceeding 20%in 12 *** silico docking results showed that monacolins other than Monacolin K had lower but not negligeable inhibitory potential for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase for precise structural *** results confirms that standardization of Monascus purpureus botanicals is dubious and strict quality control must be *** the same time,they reinforce the opportunity to take advantage of new metabolomic tools to properly describe raw materials or food supplements used in investigations and clinical trials,suggesting extensive phytochemical analysis beyond the mere quantification of Monacolin K.

关键词： Food supplements Metabolomics Monacus pigments Monacolins Ion mobility Standardization

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Metagenomic analysis reveals changes of the Drosophila suzukii microbiota in the newly colonized regions

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Insect Science 2018年第5期25卷 833-846页

作者： Isabel Martinez-Sanudo Mauro Simonato Andrea Squartini Nicola Mori laura Marri luca Mazzon department of Agronomy Food Natural resources Animals and Environment (DAFNAE) University of Padova Legnaro (PD) Italy Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita Universit& di Siena Siena Italy

The spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzula＇i （Matsumura）（Diptera： Drosophilidae） is a highly polyphagous pest of a wide variety of wild or cultivated berry and stone fruit. Originating from Southeast Asia, it has recently invaded a wide range of regions in Europe and North America. It is well known that insect microbiotas may significantly influence several aspects of the host biology and play an important role in invasive species introduction into new areas. However, in spite of the great economic im- portance of D. suzukii, a limited attention has been given so far to its microbiota. In this study, we present the first in-depth characterization of gut bacterial diversity from field （native and invasive range） and lab-reared populations of this insect. The gut bacterial communities of field insects were dominated, regardless of their origin, by 2 families of the phylum Proteobacteria： Acetobacteraceae and Enterobacteriaceae, while Firmicutes, mainly represented by the family Staphylococcaceae, prevailed in lab-reared population. Locality was the most significant factor in shaping the microbiota of wild flies. More- over, a negative correlation between diversity and abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and the time elapsed since the establishment of D. suzukii in a new region was observed. Altogether our results indicate that habitat, food resources as well as the colonization phase of a new region contribute to shape the bacterial communities of the invasive species which, in turn, by evolving more quickly, could influence host adaptation in a new environment.

关键词： 16S rRNA Enterobacteriaceae illumina invasive insects microbiota spot-ted wing drosophila

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Proteomic insights on the metabolism in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第7期26卷 696-705页

作者： laura Francesca Pisani Manuela Moriggi Cecilia Gelfi Maurizio Vecchi luca Pastorelli Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Policlinico San DonatoSan Donato Milanese 20097Italy department of Biomedical Science for Health University of the Study of MilanIRCCS Istituto Ortopedico GaleazziMilan 20122Italy Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Ca'Granda FoundationPoliclinico HospitalUniversity of the Study of MilanMilan 20122Italy department of Biomedical Science for Health University of the Study of MilanMilan 20122Italy

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)are chronic and relapsing inflammatory conditions of the gut that include Crohn's disease and ulcerative *** pathogenesis of IBD is not completely unraveled,IBD are multi-factorial diseases with reported alterations in the gut microbiota,activation of different immune cell types,changes in the vascular endothelium,and alterations in the tight junctions’structure of the colonic epithelial *** represents a useful tool to enhance our biological understanding and to discover biomarkers in blood and intestinal *** is expected to provide reproducible and quantitative data that can support clinical assessments and help clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of *** a differential diagnosis of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and the prediction of treatment response can be deducted by finding meaningful *** some non-invasive biomarkers have been described,none can be considered as the“gold standard”for IBD diagnosis,disease activity and therapy *** these reason new studies have proposed an“IBD signature”,which consists in a panel of biomarkers used to assess *** above described approach characterizes“omics”and in this review we will focus on proteomics.

关键词： Proteomics Inflammatory bowel disease Cronh’s disease Ulcerative colitis Proteins Biomarkers discovery

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Diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA of small(≤15 mm) solid pancreatic lesions using a 25-gauge needle

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2018年第1期17卷 70-74页

作者： Stefano Francesco Crinò Maria Cristina Conti Bellocchi laura Bernardoni Erminia Manfrin Alice Parisi Antonio Amodio Nicolò de Pretis luca Frulloni Armando Gabbrielli Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit The Pancreas Institute University of Verona G.B. Rossi University Hospital department of Pathology University of Verona G.B. Rossi University Hospital

Background: Early detection of small solid pancreatic lesions is increasingly common. To date, few and contradictory data have been published about the relationship between lesion size and endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration(EUS-FNA) diagnostic yield. The aim of this study was to assess the relation between the size of solid pancreatic lesions and the diagnostic yield of EUS-FNA using a 25-gauge needle in a center without available rapid on-site ***: In the retrospective cohort study, we selected patients who underwent EUS-FNA for solid pancreatic lesions with a 25-gauge needle from October 2014 to October 2015. Patients were divided into three groups(≤15 mm, 16–25 mm and >25 mm), and the outcomes were ***: We analyzed 163 patients. Overall adequacy, sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were 85.2%,81.8%, 93.7%, and 80.4%, respectively. When stratified by size, the sensitivity and accuracy correlated with size(P = 0.016 and P = 0.042, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed that lesion size was the only independent factor(P = 0.019, OR = 4.76) affecting accuracy. The role of size as an independent factor affecting accuracy was confirmed in a separate multivariate analysis, where size was included in the model as a covariate(P = 0.018, OR = 1.08).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that, in the absence of rapid on-site evaluation, mass size affects the accuracy of EUS-FNA of solid pancreatic lesions.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasound Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration Pancreatic cancer Benign pancreatic tumors Pancreatic neoplasms

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Nutritional value of a partially defatted and a highly defatted black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens L.) meal for broiler chickens: apparent nutrient digestibility,apparent metabolizable energy and apparent ileal amino acid digestibility

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 897-905页

作者： Achille Schiavone Michele de Marco Silvia Martínez Sihem Dabbou Manuela Renna Josefa Madrid Fuensanta Hernandez luca Rotolo Pierluca Costa Francesco Gai laura Gasco department of Veterinary Sciences University of Turin Largo Paolo Braccini 2 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy department of Animal Production University of Murcia Campus de Espinardo 30071 Murcia Spain department of Agricultural Forest and Food Sciences University of Turin Largo Paolo Braccini 2 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy Institute of Science of Food Production National Research Council Largo Paolo Braccini 2 10095 Grugliasco TO Italy

Background: The study aimed to determine the apparent total tract digestibility coefficients(ATTDC) of nutrients, the apparent metabolizable energy(AME and AMEn) and the amino acid(AA) apparent ileal digestibility coefficients(AIDC)of a partially defatted(BSFp) and a highly defatted(BSFh) black soldier fly larvae meal. The experimental diets were: a basal diet and two diets prepared by substituting 250 g/kg(w/w) of the basal diet with BSFp or BSFh, ***: Significant differences were found between BSFp and BSFh meals for ATTDC of the nutrients: BSFp resulted more digestible than BSFh, except for ATTDC of CP which did not differed between meals, while a statistical trend was observed for ATTDC of DM and EE. The AME and AMEn values were significantly(P defatted BSF meals can be considered as an excellent source of AME and digestible AA for broilers with a better efficient nutrient digestion. These considerations suggested the effective utilization of defatted BSF larvae meal in poultry feed formulation.

关键词： Amino acid Apparent digestibility Black soldier fly meal Broiler chicken Metabolizable energy

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Control of wind-wave power on morphological shape of salt marsh margins

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Water Science and Engineering 2020年第1期13卷 45-56页

作者： Alvise Finotello Marco Marani luca Carniello Mattia Pivato Marcella Roner laura Tommasini Andrea D'alpaos department of Geosciences University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy department of Environmental Sciences Informatics and StatisticsUniversity of Venice Ca'FoscariVenice 30172Italy Center for Lagoon Hydrodynamics and Morphodynamics University of PadovaPadova 35131Italy department of Civil Environmental and Architectural EngineeringUniversity of PadovaPadova 35131Italy

Salt marshes are among the most common morphological features found in tidal landscapes and provide ecosystem services of primary ecological and economic ***,the continued rise in relative sea level and increasing anthropogenic pressures threaten the sustainability of these *** alarmingly high rates of salt marsh loss observed worldwide,mainly dictated by the lateral erosion of their margins,call for new insights into the mutual feedbacks among physical,biological,and morphological processes that take place at the critical interface between salt marshes and the adjoining tidal *** combined field measurements,remote sensing data,and numerical modeling to investigate the interplays between wind waves and the morphology,ecology,and planform evolution of salt marsh margins in the Venice Lagoon of *** results confirm the existence of a positive linear relationship between incoming wave power density and rates of salt marsh lateral *** addition,we show that lateral erosion significantly decreases when halophytic vegetation colonizes the marsh margins,and that different erosion rates in vegetated margins are associated with different *** marsh cliffs and smooth shorelines are expected along rapidly eroding margins,whereas erosion rates are reduced in gently sloped,irregular edges facing shallow tidal flats that are typically exposed to low wind-energy *** highlighting the relationships between the dynamics and functional forms of salt marsh margins,our results represent a critical step to address issues related to conservation and restoration of salt marsh ecosystems,especially in the face of changing environmental forcings.

关键词： Salt marshes Wind waves Lateral erosion Morphodynamics Vegetation

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Mature versus emerging technologies for CO2 capture in power plants： Key open issues in post-combustion amine scrubbing and in chemical looping combustion

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2018年第2期12卷 315-325页

作者： Giorgia de Guido Matteo Compagnoni laura A. Pellegrini Ilenia Rossetti department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta" Politecnico di Milano Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32 20133 MilanItaly department of Chemistry Universita degli Studi di Milano INSTM Unit Milano-Universita and CNR-ISTM Via Camillo Golgi 19 20133 Milan Italy

Carbon capture and storage （CCS） have acquired an increasing importance in the debate on global wanning as a mean to decrease the environmental impact of energy conversion technologies, by capturing the CO2 produced from the use of fossil fuels in electricity generation and industrial processes. In this respect, post-combustion systems have received great attention as a possible near-term CO2 capture technology that can be retrofitted to existing power plants. This capture technology is, however, energy-intensive and results in large equipment sizes because of the large volumes of the flue gas to be treated. To cope with the demerits of other CCS technologies, the chemical looping combustion （CLC） process has been recently considered as a solution for CO2 separation. It is typically referred to as a technology without energy penalty. Indeed, in CLC the fuel and the combustion air are never mixed and the gases from the oxidation of the fuel （i.e., CO2 and H2O） leave the system as a separate stream and can be separated by condensation of H2O without any loss of energy. The key issue for the CLC process is to find a suitable oxygen carrier, which provides the fuel with the activated oxygen needed for combustion. The aim of this work is to explore the feasibility of using perovskites as oxygen carriers in CLC and to consider the possible advantages with respect to the scrubbing process with amines, a mature post-combustion technology for CO2 separation.

关键词： CO2 capture monoethanolamine chemical looping combustion oxygen carder perovskites

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Pancreaticoduodenectomy in patients ≥ 75 years of age:Are there any differences with other age ranges in oncological and surgical outcomes? Results from a tertiary referral center

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第17期23卷 3077-3083页

作者： Salvatore Paiella Matteo de Pastena Tommaso Pollini Giovanni Zancan debora Ciprani Giulia de Marchi luca Landoni Alessandro Esposito luca Casetti Giuseppe Malleo Giovanni Marchegiani Massimiliano Tuveri Enrico Marrano laura Maggino Erica Secchettin deborah Bonamini Claudio Bassi Roberto Salvia General and Pancreatic Surgery department Pancreas InstituteUniversity and Hospital Trust of Verona Gastroenterology B department Pancreas InstituteUniversity and Hospital Trust of Verona

AIM To compare surgical and oncological outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD) in patients ≥ 75 years of age with two younger cohorts of patients. METHODS The prospectively maintained Institutional database of pancreatic resection was queried for patients aged ≥ 75 years(late elderly, LE) submitted to PD for any disease from January 2010 to June 2015. We compared clinical, demographic and pathological features and survival outcomes of LE patients with 2 exact matched cohorts of younger patients [≥ 40 to 64 years of age(adults, A) and ≥ 65 to 74 years of age(young elderly, YE)] submitted to PD, according to selected variables. RESULTS The final LE population, as well as the control groups, were made of 96 subjects. Up to 71% of patients was operated on for a periampullary malignancy and pancreatic cancer(PDAC) accounted for 79% of them. Intraoperative data(estimated blood loss and duration of surgery) did not differ among the groups. The overall complication rate was 65.6%, 61.5% and 58.3% for LE, YE and A patients, respectively, P = NS). Reoperation and cardiovascular complications were significantly more frequent in LE than in YE and A groups(P = 0.003 and P = 0.019, respectively). When considering either all malignancies and PDAC only, the three groups did not differ in survival. Considering all benign diseases, the estimated mean survival was 58 and 78 mo for ≥ and < 75 years of age(YE + A groups), respectively(P = 0.012). CONCLUSION Age is not a contraindication for PD. A careful selection of LE patients allows to obtain good surgical and oncological results.

关键词： Pancreatic cancer Periampullary cancer Pancreaticoduodenectomy Elderly Pancreatic surgery

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