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社会风险融入公司治理下的董事合规义务——困境、重释与平衡

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海南大学学报（人文社会科学版） 2025年第1期43卷 162-173页

作者：莫志北京大学法学院北京100871

出于可持续发展的要求,社会风险的概念需融入公司治理,并凭借公司内部的源头预防优势来应对风险现实化后的公共损害。但传统的公司法及公司目的是以股东利益为导向,董事对社会因素的考量面临多元目标冲突和履职技术受限等困境。故要将... 详细信息

出于可持续发展的要求,社会风险的概念需融入公司治理,并凭借公司内部的源头预防优势来应对风险现实化后的公共损害。但传统的公司法及公司目的是以股东利益为导向,董事对社会因素的考量面临多元目标冲突和履职技术受限等困境。故要将董事的监督义务重释为“构建公司社会风险防范体系”的强制性“合规义务”,以公共利益为管理导向,在受托于公司的前提下,与忠实、注意义务并列成为信义义务的子集。董事应在履职中采纳ESG方法,通过设置董事(会)级别的领导机关和“预防、侦察、调查与补救”的类型化流程,缓解风险多元化和技术化的挑战。而专业判断规则与责任区分规则,有助于平衡义务强化下的后端责任,避免董事对合规的过度反应产生的经营懈怠。

关键词：社会风险公司治理董事合规义务

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Quantitative division of succession and spatial patterns among different stand developmental stages in Changbai Mountains

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第9期16卷 2063-2078页

作者： GONG zhi-wen kang Xin-gang GU Li College of Economics and Management Research Center of Resource Economics and Environment Management Northwest A8J7 University Yangling 712100 China College of Forestry Northwest A&F University Yang ling 712100 China College of Forestry Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 China

Broadleaf-Korean pine forests exhibit high species richness and distinctive species composition, which are currently becoming more dominant among natural forests in Changbai Mountains of northeastern China. Understanding the ecological process of restored vegetation is quite important for ecosystem reconstruction. Distinguishing stand development stages and analyzing the dynamic spatial patterns could provide insights into significant community coexistence mechanisms. In the present study, eight permanent study areas were established according to the substituting space for time method in Changbai Mountains of north-eastern China. The optimal division method was used to quantify the successional series into different stand development stages, and the point pattern analysis method(L(r) function) was used to analyse the dynamic changes in spatial patterns and interspecific associations. Our results suggested that:(1) The stand development process was divided into five stages: the first three stages were poplar-birch secondary forests in different stages of recovery, the fourth stage was thespruce-fir mixed forest, and the last stage was the primary broadleaf-Korean pine forest;(2) The spatial pattern showed an aggregated distribution at a small scale and changed to a random distribution as the scale increased in poplar-birch secondary forests, but the spatial pattern appeared to be randomly distributed in spruce-fir mixed forest and broadleafKorean pine forest;(3) The interspecific associations between pioneer species and climax species changed from negative to positive among the different stand stages, and environmental resources were shared among these species. Interspecific differences in shade tolerance among the tree species were key determinants of forest dynamics and structure. Our study is vital to the understanding of the forest development;thus, the spatial change features should receive greater attention when forest management is being planned and restoratio

关键词： Dynamic spatial patterns Interspecific association Optimal division method Stand developmental stages Space for time substitution

Preparation of Water Dispersible Poly(methyl methacrylate)-based Vesicles for Facile Persistent Antibacterial Applications

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2016年第1期34卷 44-51页

作者： Ming-zhi Wang Tao Wang kang Yuan 杜建忠 department of Polymeric Materials School of Materials Science and EngineeringKey Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of EducationTongji UniversityShanghai 201804China Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital Tongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200072China

We report a facile strategy for incorporating persistent and effective antibacterial property into a widely used polymer, poly（methyl methacrylate）（PMMA）, by copolymerizing methyl methacrylate（MMA） with 2-（tert-butylamino）ethyl methacrylate（TA） in one pot via atom transfer radical polymerization（ATRP）. The subsequent self-assembly of the resultant poly（methyl methacrylate）-block-poly[（2-tert-butylamino）ethyl methacrylate]（PMMA20-b-PTA15） diblock copolymer affords well-defined water-dispersible vesicles, which can be facilely sprayed on the walls in hospitals for effective inhibition and killing of bacteria. 1H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography（GPC） studies confirmed the successful synthesis of welldefined copolymer. Transmission electron microscopy（TEM）, atomic force microscopy（AFM） and dynamic light scattering（DLS） studies proved the formation of vesicles with narrow size distribution. DLS studies revealed the excellent stability of vesicles at various temperatures. Antibacterial tests showed effective antibacterial activities of polymer vesicles against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, this strategy may be extended for preparing a wide range of polymeric materials for facile antibacterial applications in many fields.

关键词： ATRP Block Copolymer Vesicle Self-assembly Antibacterial

Experimental validation of sound quality simulation and optimization of a four-cylinder diesel engine

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2013年第5期14卷 341-352页

作者： Jie MAO zhi-yong HAO kang ZHENG Guo-xi JING department of Energy Engineering Zhejiang University

A novel sound quality simulation approach was proposed to optimize the acoustic performance of a four-cylinder diesel *** element analysis,single-input and multiple-output technology,flexible multi-body dynamics,and boundary element codes were used to acquire the hexahedron-element model,experimental modal frequencies,vibration velocities,and structurally radiated noise of the block,*** simulated modal frequencies and vibration velocities agreed well with the experimental data,which validated the finite-element *** acoustic response showed that considerable acoustic power levels existed in 1500-1900 Hz and 2300-2800 Hz as the main frequency ranges to optimize the block ***,the optimal block is determined in accordance with the novel approach,which reduces the overall value,high-frequency amplitudes,and peak values of acoustic power;thus,the loudness,sharpness,and roughness decline to make the sound quieter,lower-pitched,and smoother,***,the optimal block was cast and *** results reveal that the sound quality of the optimal-block engine is substantially improved as numerically expected,which verifies the effectiveness of the research approach.

关键词： Diesel engine Flexible multi-body dynamics Sound quality simulation Block optimization Sound quality improvement

Syntheses of 10-Hydroxy-5,10-dihydrophenophosphazine 10-Oxide and Its Methyl derivatives

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Chemical Research in Chinese Universities 2003年第1期19卷 32-36页

作者： YIN zhi gang ZHAO de feng State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116012P.R.China Chemical Engineering department Zhengzhou Institute of Light IndustryZhengzhou 450002P.R.China

Ph 2NH and PCl 3 interacted at a molar ratio of 1∶1 05 and slow elevated temperature and then at 210-220 ℃ for 6 h. The brown solution obtained was treated with H 2O to produce a very hard brown solid believed to be a mixture of 5,10 dihydrophenophosphazine 10 oxide(1a) and 10,10(5H,5H) spirobipenophosphazinium chloride(1b). This brown solid was directly oxidized with peracetic acid in HOAc prior to the separation of them to give compound 10 hydroxy 5,10 dihydropheno phosphazine 10 oxide(2) with a higher yield(45%) than that of the literature(27%). When treated with excess SOCl 2, compound 2 could quantitatively be converted to the corresponding phosphinyl chloride and the latter could further be transformed into 10 methoxy 5,10 dihydrophenophosphazine 10 oxide in 70% as treated with NaOMe in methanol. Compound 2 could also be converted to a bisanion when treated with NaH in DMF. The resulted bisanion reacted with MeI to give 5 methyl 10 hydroxy 5,10 dihydrophenophosphazine 10 oxide in a 73% yield which would be converted to 5 methyl 10 methoxy 5,10 dihydrophenophosphazine 10 oxide in a 56% yield by the same way of synthesizing 10 methoxy 5,10 dihydrophenophosphazine 10 oxide. All these compounds obtained were identified by surveying their melting points, and spectra and elemental analysis.

关键词： Synthesis 5,10-Dihydrophenophosphazine derivative Structure identification

An analytical method for assessing the initiation and interaction of cracks in fused silica subjected to contact sliding

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Advances in Manufacturing 2023年第3期11卷 363-377页

作者： Chang-Sheng Li Na Zhao Liang-Chi Zhang Jian-Jun Ding Lin Sun Duan-zhi Duan Cheng-Wei kang Zhuang-de Jiang State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering&International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an 710049People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240People's Republic of China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cross-scale Manufacturing Mechanics Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongPeople's Republic of China SUSTech Institute for Manufacturing Innovation Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongPeople's Republic of China department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055GuangdongPeople's Republic of China

Understanding the fracture behavior of fused silica in contact sliding is important to the fabrication of damage-free *** study develops an analytical method to characterize the stress field in fused silica under contact sliding by extending the embedded center of dilation(ECD)model and considering the depth of yield *** effects of densification on the stress fields were considered by scratch volume analysis and finite element *** mechanisms,such as crack initiation and morphology evolution were comprehensively investigated by analyzing the predicted stress fields and principal stress *** predictions were validated by Berkovich scratching *** was found that partial conical,median and lateral cracks could emerge in the loading stage of the contact sliding,but radial and lateral cracks could be initiated during *** was also found that the partial conical crack had the lowest initiation *** intersection of long lateral cracks makes the material removal greater.

关键词： Fused silica Contact sliding Stress field Crack initiation Material removal

Critical audit matters and stock price crash risk

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2021年第1期15卷 64-88页

作者： Xiaoqiang zhi Zuming kang department of Finance Business SchoolRenmin University of ChinaRoom 0204Chongde East Building in Renmin University of ChinaNo.59 Zhongguancun StreetBeijingHaidian DistrictChina department of Finance Business SchoolRenmin University of ChinaRoom 0439Pinyuan

Using manually collected data on the number and category of critical audit matters(CAMs)in the period 2016–2017,we investigate the hitherto unexplored questions of whether CAMs affect firm-specific crash risk,how CAMs influence crash risk in the Chinese capital market,and recognize CAMs that contain incremental *** findings are as follows:(1)Crash risk decreases after implementing the new audit standard requiring the disclosure of CAMs;(2)CAMs release negative information and change the capital market information environment;(3)only corporateidiosyncratic CAMs contain incremental information;(4)crash risk is mitigated only by CAMs disclosed by companies with a high shareholding of institutional *** main conclusion of our study is a positive assessment of the new audit standard and of CAMs in terms of protecting the interests of investors and strengthening the stability of the capital market to provide a new perspective for supervising the implementation of the new audit standard.

关键词： Critical audit matters(CAMs) Crash risk Incremental information New audit standard Corporate-idiosyncratic CAMs

Light interception and radiation use efficiency response to tridimensional uniform sowing in winter wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第3期17卷 566-578页

作者： tao zhi-qiang wang de-mei ma shao-kang yang yu-shuang zhao guang-cai chang xu-hong Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology Ministry ofAgriculture Beijing 100081 P.R. China

Improving radiation use efficiency （RUE） of the canopy is necessary to increase wheat （Triticum aesfivum） production. Tridimensional uniform sowing （U） technology has previously been used to construct a uniformly distributed population structure that increases RUE. In this study, we used tridimensional uniform sowing to create a wheat canopy within which light was spread evenly to increase RUE. This study was done during 2014-2016 in the Shunyi District, Beijing, China. The soil type was sandy loam. Wheat was grown in two sowing patterns：（1） tridimensional uniform sowing （U）; （2） conventional drilling （D）. Four planting densities were used： 1.8, 2.7, 3.6, and 4.5 million plants ha-1. Several indices were measured to compare the wheat canopies： photosynthetic active radiation intercepted by the canopy （IPAR）, leaf area index （LAI）, leaf mass per unit area （LMA）, canopy extinction coefficient （K）, and RUE. In two sowing patterns, the K values decreased with increasing planting density, but the K values of U were lower than that of D. LMA and IPAR were higher for U than for D, whereas LAI was nearly the same for both sowing patterns. IPAR and LAI increased with increasing density under the same sowing pattern. However, the difference in IPAR and LAI between the 3.6 and 4.5 million plants ha-1 treatments was not significant for both sowing patterns. Therefore, LAI within the same planting density was not affected by sowing pattern. RUE was the largest for the U mode with a planting density of 3.6 million plants ha-1 treatment. For the D sowing pattern, the lowest planting density （1.8 million plants ha-1） resulted in the highest yield. Light radiation interception was minimal for the D mode with a planting density of 1.8 million plants ha-1 treatment, but the highest RUE and highest yield were observed under this condition. For the U sowing pattern, IPAR increased with increasing planting density, but yield and RUE were the highest with a planting density of 3.6 millio

关键词： tridimensional uniform sowing extinction coefficient leaf area index leaf mass per unit area wheat

Functions and behaviors of activated sludge extracellular polymeric substances (EPS): a promising environmental interest

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第3期18卷 420-427页

作者： TIAN Yu ZHENG Lei SUN de-zhi department of Environmental Science and Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150090 China.

Extracellular polymeric substances （EPS） are the predominant constituents of activated sludge and represent up to 80% of the mass of activated sludge. They play a crucial role in the flocculation, settling and dewatering of activated sludge. Furthermore, EPS also show great efficiency in binding heavy metals. So EPS are key factors influencing reduction in sludge volume and mass, as well as activity and utilization of sludge. EPS are of considerable environmental interest and hundreds of articles on EPS have been published abroad, while information on EPS in China is limited. In this paper, results of over 60 publications related to constituents and characteristics of EPS and their influences on flocculation, settling and dewatering of sludge are compiled and analyzed. Metal-binding ability of EPS is also discussed, together with a brief consideration of possible research interests in the future.

关键词： activated sludge environmental interest extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)