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Regulation and Improvement of Cellulase Production: Recent Advances

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Natural Resources 2014年第14期5卷 857-863页

作者： Nasir Ali Muhammad Ammar Athar Yasir Hayat Khan Muhammad Idrees dawood ahmad School of Life Science Xiamen University Xiamen China Chengdu Institute of Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Agricultural University Peshawar Pakistan

Cellulases and hemicellulases are the main industrial sources from different microorganisms used to depolymerise plant biomass to simple sugars that are converted to chemical intermediates and biofuels, such as ethanol. Cellulases are formed adaptively, and several positive (xyr1, Ace2, HAP2/3/5) and negative (Ace1, Cre1) components involved in this regulation are now known. In this review, we summarise current knowledge about how cellulase biosynthesis is regulated, and outline recent approaches and suitable strategies for facilitating the targeted improvement of cellulase production by genetic engineering. Trichoderma reesei is the preferred organism for producing industrial cellulases. However, a more efficient heterologous expression system for enzymes from different organism is needed to further improve its cellulase mixture. In addition those optimizations of the promoter and linker for hybrid genes can dramatically improve the efficiency of heterologous expression of cellulase genes.

关键词： Cellulase Regulation Transcription Promoter Review

Molecular analysis of PFT and UGT genes for FHB resistance in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Molecular analysis of PFT and UGT genes for FHB resistance i...

Primitives towards verifiable computation： a survey

第七届长三角植物科学研讨会暨青年学术报告会

作者： Yi He Xu Zhang dawood ahmad Yu Zhang Lei Wu Peng Jiang Xiang Liu Hongxiang Ma Institute of Food Crops Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering The University of AgriculturePeshawarPakistan

Fusarium head blight(FHB),a devastating disease in wheat worldwide,results in yield loses and mycotoxin accumulation such as deoxynivalenol(DON) in infected *** have been carried out to combat this disease,and the PFT(pore-forming toxin-like) gene at the quantitative trait locus(QTL) Fhb1 and UDP-glycosyltransferase enzymes(UGTs) which known to contribute detoxification were found to confer resistance to *** characterized PFT sequences in 348 wheat accessions,and carried out genome-wide analysis of family-1 UDP glycosyltransferases in wheat based on the PSPG conserved *** haplotypes of PFT were identified,and the wild haplotype of PFT had higher resistance than other haplotypes and explained 13.8% of phenotypic variation in FHB resistance by association ***,PFT existed not only in the FHB-resistant accessions but also in some susceptible accessions,suggesting that FHB resistance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is partially conditioned by *** identified 179 putative UGT genes,and found many UGT genes were up-regulated under Fusarium graminearum inoculation,and six of them were further verified by *** two works offer a foundation for future work aimed at elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance to FHB and DON accumulation.

关键词： Fusarium head blight Wheat PFT UDP-glycosyltransferase

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2018年第3期12卷 451-478页

作者： Haseeb ahmad Licheng WANG Haibo HONG Jing LI Hassan dawood Manzoor AHMED Yixian YANG State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou 310018 China Department of Computer Engineering University of Engineering and Technology Taxila 47050 Pakistan Future Internet & Communication Lab Department of Electronic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Verifiable computation （VC） paradigm has got the captivation that in real term is highlighted by the concept of third party computation. In more explicate terms, VC allows resource constrained clients/organizations to securely outsource expensive computations to untrusted service providers, while acquiring the publicly or privately verifiable results. Many mainstream solutions have been proposed to address the diverse problems within the VC domain. Some of them imposed assumptions over performed computations, while the others took advantage of interactivity /non-interactivity, zero knowledge proofs, and arguments. Further proposals utilized the powers of probabilistic checkable or computationally sound proofs. In this survey, we present a chronological study and classify the VC proposals based on their adopted domains. First, we provide a broader overview of the theoretical advancements while critically analyzing them. Subsequently, we present a comprehensive view of their utilization in the state of the art VC approaches. Moreover, a brief overview of recent proof based VC systems is also presented that lifted up the VC domain to the verge of practicality. We use the presented study and reviewed resuits to identify the similarities and alterations, modifications, and hybridization of different approaches, while comparing their advantages and reporting their overheads. Finally, we discuss implementation of such VC based systems, their applications, and the likely future directions.

关键词： verifiable computation cloud computation interactive non-interactive zero knowledge probabilisticcheckable proofs computationally sound proofs

Unweighted Voting Method to Detect Sinkhole Attack in RPL-Based Internet of Things Networks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第10期77卷 491-515页

作者： Shadi Al-Sarawi Mohammed Anbar Basim ahmad Alabsi Mohammad Adnan Aladaileh Shaza dawood Ahmed Rihan National Advanced IPv6 Centre(NAv6) University Sains MalaysiaGelugorPenang11800Malaysia Applied College Najran UniversityKing Abdulaziz StreetP.O.Box 1988NajranSaudi Arabia Cybersecurity Department School of Information TechnologyAmerican University of Madaba(AUM)Amman11821Jordan

The Internet of Things(IoT)consists of interconnected smart devices communicating and collecting *** Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks(RPL)is the standard protocol for Internet Protocol Version 6(IPv6)in the ***,RPL is vulnerable to various attacks,including the sinkhole attack,which disrupts the network by manipulating routing *** paper proposes the Unweighted Voting Method(UVM)for sinkhole node identification,utilizing three key behavioral indicators:DODAG Information Object(DIO)Transaction Frequency,Rank Harmony,and Power *** indicators have been carefully selected based on their contribution to sinkhole attack detection and other relevant features used in previous *** UVM method employs an unweighted voting mechanism,where each voter or rule holds equal weight in detecting the presence of a sinkhole attack based on the proposed *** effectiveness of the UVM method is evaluated using the COOJA simulator and compared with existing ***,the proposed approach fulfills power consumption requirements for constrained nodes without increasing consumption due to the deployment *** terms of detection accuracy,simulation results demonstrate a high detection rate ranging from 90%to 100%,with a low false-positive rate of 0%to 0.2%.Consequently,the proposed approach surpasses Ensemble Learning Intrusion Detection Systems by leveraging three indicators and three supporting rules.

关键词： Internet of Things IPv6 over low power wireless personal area networks Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks Internet Protocol Version 6 distributed denial of service wireless sensor networks

Structural failure analysis with CMS-based ground motion selection using innovative cost function and weight factors

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2024年第4期23卷 899-918页

作者： Delbaz Samadian Imrose B.Muhit Nashwan dawood School of Computing Engineeringand Digital TechnologiesTeesside UniversityMiddlesbrough TS13BXUK

The selection and scaling of ground motion records is considered a primary and essential task in performing structural analysis and *** methods involve using ground motion models and a conditional spectrum to select ground motion records based on the target *** research demonstrates the influence of adopting different weighted factors for various period ranges during matching selected ground motions with the target hazard *** event data from the Next Generation Attenuation West 2(NGA-West 2)database is used as the basis for ground motion selection,and hazard de-aggregation is conducted to estimate the event parameters of interest,which are then used to construct the target intensity measure(IM).The target IMs are then used to select ground motion records with different weighted vector-valued objective *** weights are altered to account for the relative importance of IM in accordance with the structural analysis application of steel moment resisting frame(SMRF)*** of an ordinary objective function for the matching spectrum,a novel model is introduced and compared with the conventional cost *** results indicate that when applying the new cost function for ground motion selection,it places higher demands on structures compared to the conventional cost ***,submitting more weights to the first-mode period of structures increases engineering demand *** demonstrate that weight factors allocated to different period ranges can successfully account for period elongation and higher mode effects.

关键词： weighted objective function ground motion selection steel moment resisting frame hazard analysis

Hearing evaluation after successful myringoplasty

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Journal of Otology 2017年第4期12卷 192-197页

作者： Mohammed Radef dawood Otolaryngology Department College of Medicine Mustansiriyah University Baghdad Iraq

Objectives: To assess postoperative hearing level, and factors that may have influence hearing improvement after ***: Twenty six cases of successful myringoplasty were included in this prospective study. Patient parameters including age, gender, size and site of the perforation, mastoid status, and etiology were evaluated. Hearing levels were assessed as the mean air conduction(AC), and airbone gap(ABG) at 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, and their relation with aforementioned parameters were ***: The mean AC hearing gain was 22.373 dB and mean ABG reduction was 20.733 dB. The maximum AC hearing gain was 25.93 dB for subtotal perforation and 26.24 dB for big central perforation, and the maximum ABG reduction was 25.63 dB for subtotal perforation and 24.20 for big central perforation. Mean AC hearing gain was 23.01 dB, 22.72 dB, and 21.39 dB for 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, respectively, and mean ABG reduction was 21.52 dB, 20.79 dB, and 19.86 dB for 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, respectively. Patient age, gender, mastoid status and etiology did not seem to have any bearing on postoperative hearing ***: While patient parameters do not seem to correlate with hearing improvement following myringoplasty, the size and location of perforation appear to have an impact on postoperative hearing outcomes. Most hearing improvement appears to occur at 500 Hz.

关键词： Myringoplasty Hearing loss Tympanic membrane

Comparing YOLOv8 and Mask R-CNN for instance segmentation in complex orchard environments

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Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture 2024年第3期13卷 84-99页

作者： Ranjan Sapkota dawood Ahmed Manoj Karkee Center for Precision&Automated Agricultural Systems Washington State University24106 N Bunn RdProsser99350 WashingtonUSA

Instance segmentation,an important image processing operation for automation in agriculture,is used to precisely delineate individual objects of interestwithin images,which provides foundational information for various automated or robotic tasks such as selective harvesting and precision *** study compares the one-stage YOLOv8 and the two-stage Mask R-CNN machine learning models for instance segmentation under varying orchard conditions across two *** 1,collected in dormant season,includes images of dormant apple trees,which were used to train multi-object segmentation models delineating tree branches and *** 2,collected in the early growing season,includes images of apple tree canopies with green foliage and immature(green)apples(also called fruitlet),which were used to train single-object segmentation models delineating only immature green *** results showed that YOLOv8 performed better than Mask R-CNN,achieving good precision and near-perfect recall across both datasets at a confidence threshold of ***,for Dataset 1,YOLOv8 achieved a precision of 0.90 and a recall of 0.95 for all *** comparison,Mask R-CNN demonstrated a precision of 0.81 and a recall of 0.81 for the *** Dataset 2,YOLOv8 achieved a precision of 0.93 and a recall of *** R-CNN,in this single-class scenario,achieved a precision of 0.85 and a recall of ***,the inference times for YOLOv8 were 10.9 ms for multi-class segmentation(Dataset 1)and 7.8 ms for single-class segmentation(Dataset 2),compared to 15.6 ms and 12.8 ms achieved by Mask R-CNN's,*** findings showYOLOv8's superior accuracy and efficiency in machine learning applications compared to two-stage models,specifically Mask-R-CNN,which suggests its suitability in developing smart and automated orchard operations,particularly when real-time applications are necessary in such cases as robotic harvesting and robotic immature green fruit thin

关键词： YOLOv8 Mask R-CNN Deep learning Machine learning Automation Robotics Artificial intelligence Machine vision

An automated framework for advertisement detection and removal from sports videos using audio-visual cues

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2021年第2期15卷 185-188页

作者： Abeer TOHEED Ali JAVED Aun IRTAZA Hassan dawood Hussain dawood Ahmed S.ALFAKEEH Department of Software Engineering University of Engineering and Technology-TaxilaTaxila47050Pakistan Department of Computer&Network Engineering University of JeddahJeddah21577Saudi Arabia Information System Department King Abdulaziz UniversityJeddah21577Saudi Arabia

1 Introduction Advertisements detection and replacement with different ads based on the user preferences is employed during sports rebroadcasts that offers more value to both the distributor and *** advertisements detection is a laborious activity and demands an urgent need to develop automated advertisement detection techniques to save the time,storage space,and transmission bandwidth.

关键词： automated visual framework

Hydrogenation of nanostructured semiconductors for energy conversion and storage

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第18期59卷 2144-2161页

作者： Jingxia Qiu Jacob dawood Shanqing Zhang Centre for Clean Environment and Energy Environmental Futures Research InstituteGold CoastQLD 4222Australia Griffith School of Environment Gold Coast CampusGriffith UniversityGold CoastQLD 4222Australia

Nanostructured semiconductors have been researched intensively for energy conversion and storage applications in recent *** of tremendous findings and achievements,the performance of the devices resulted from the nanomaterials in terms of energy conversion efficiency and storage capacity needs further improvement to become economically viable for subsequent *** is a simple,efficient,and cost-effective way for tailoring the electronic and morphological properties of the nanostructured *** work reviews a series of hydrogenated nanostructured materials was produced by the hydrogenation of a wide range of *** materials with improved inherent conductivity and changed characteristic lattice structure possess much enhanced performance for energy conversion application,e.g.,photoelectrocatalytic production of hydrogen,and energy storage applications,e.g.,lithium-ion batteries and *** hydrogenation mechanisms as well as resultant properties responsible for the efficiency improvement are explored in *** work provides guidance for researchers to use the hydrogenation technology to design functional materials.

关键词：能量转换效率纳米结构材料存储能力半导体氢化纳米材料加氢技术电子商务