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Evaluation of the Third 90 of the 90-90-90 Cascade for the Period 2019-2020 in the Central African Republic

World Journal of AIDS 2021年第4期11卷 189-198页

作者： Gilles Stéphane Landry Ngaya Brice Martial Yambiyo Alain Farra Pulchérie Pelembi Aubin Bere davy golongba Steve Kamadom Alain Berlioz-Arthaud Laboratory of Medical Analysis of the Institut Pasteur of Bangui (IPB) Bangui Central African Republic Epidemiology Unit of the IPB Bangui Central African Republic National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory IPB Bangui Central African Republic

Introduction In Central-African Republic, according to UNAIDS in 2019, out of approximately 100,000 people living with HIV, 70% (72,000) knew their HIV status and 47,000 (46%) were on ARV therapy;however, there is a paucity of data on viral load suppression in people on ARV therapy. The objective of this study was to assess the third 90 of the UNAIDS strategy for the years 2019 and 2020 in the CAR. Methods We analyzed the available viral load data extracted from the data base of the medical analysis laboratory (SYSLAM) of the Institut Pasteur of Bangui for the years 2019 and 2020. The viral loads were determined based on plasma collected in an EDTA tube with Cepheid’s GeneXpert® 16-module controllers. Viral load data were extracted from SYSLAM, converted to Excel format, and analyzed with STATA version 14 software. The significance threshold for the statistical tests was set at 5%. Results This study included 22,895 patients, of who 72% were female. The average age was 40.82 years, and the majority of the patients (80%) came from the city of Bangui. Regarding the virological parameters associated with this study, 66% of the patients had significant viral load suppression according to the WHO recommendations and 34% were in virological failure. Patients over 50 years of age (71.85%) and age group 40 - 49 years (69.25%) recorded significant levels of viral load suppression. On the other hand, 63.45% of patients under 18 years of age had virological failure. All of these results were statistically significant (p Conclusion There should be a concerted effort, to make viral load accessible and available to all patients receiving ARV treatment in the CAR and the management of HIV/AIDS infection of children and adolescents should be given special attention.

关键词： HIV ARV Viral Load Suppression 90-90-90 Target Central African Republic

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Trends of HIV Viral Load in Patients under Combined Antiretroviral Treatment in Bangui, Central African Republic

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World Journal of AIDS 2018年第2期8卷 53-62页

作者： Yawo Tufa Nyasenu Alain Farra Serge Ghislain Djorie Brice Martial Yambiyo Alexandre Manirakiza Gilles Stephane Ngaya Sandrine Moussa Pulcherie Pelembi davy Martial golongba Aubin Bere Rodolphe Mambely-Nzako Marie-Joelle Mandeng Alain Berlioz-Arthaud Pierre-Alain Rubbo Jean-Pierre Lombart Institut Pasteur of Bangui Medical Analysis LaboratoryBanguiCentral African Republic Institut Pasteur of Bangui Epidemiology ServiceBanguiCentral African Republic Institut Pasteur of Bangui Retrovirus ServiceBanguiCentral African Republic

Background: The success of antiretroviral therapy requires better virological monitoring. We described the virological profile of patients on combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) for HIV/AIDS in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR). Methods: In this prospective cohort study of patients who had been on combined antiretroviral therapy treatment (cART) for at least 12 months in Bangui, only one HIV plasma viral load per patient was realized at the Institut Pasteur of Bangui, between April 4th and November 28th, 2017. Sociodemographic and biological data were collected. Blood samples were taken for viral load. The biocentric generic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) load test was used to quantify a ribonucleic acid (RNA) HIV-1. Data were analyzed with Stata software version 14. Chi-squared test was used to analyse viral load according to sex and age. The level of significance was set at P ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 3569 patients were recruited, with a mean age of 40 years (median, 42 years;range, 1 - 84), patients aged 40 - 49 predominating (34.2%). The sex ratio was 0.4. No virus was detectable in plasma from 49.2% of patients, while 42.4% had virological failure (viral load, ≥1000 copies/mL) according to WHO criteria. The risk for virological failure decreased with age (P = 0.001) and was higher among females than males (P = 0.001). Conclusions: The rate of virological failure among patients on cART is very high in the CAR, despite the availability of and access to monitoring of HIV plasma viral load in Bangui. Therefore, adherence to treatment should be evaluated and reinforced in Bangui, CAR.

关键词： Plasma Viral Load Failure HIV-1 Bangui CAR

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Physicochemical and Thermal Properties of Some Key Tropical Sawdust Woods for Energy Production

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Journal of Sustainable Bioenergy Systems 2024年第1期14卷 1-22页

作者： davy Fiwa Kaoke Yann Le Brech Emmanuel Talla Anthony Dufour Patrick Mountapmbeme Kouotou Department of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon National Advanced School of Engineering of Maroua University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Laboratory of Reactions and Process Engineering University of Lorraine-France Nancy France Higher Institute of Agriculture Wood Water and Environment University of Ebolowa Ebolowa Cameroon

In South Saharan countries, 85% of the population uses biomass as a primary energy source. Cameroon presents one of the highest biomass energy and sawmills produce important sawdust resources which are not used and are burnt in piles leading to significant air toxic emissions. Therefore, we have to valorize industrially these available sawdusts. This study focuses on the physicochemical and thermochemical analysis of Ayous, Sapelli and Tali sawdust. The proximate and ultimate analysis, particle size, structural composition, as well as heavy metal content and calorific value were determined. In addition, the thermogravimetric mass losses were also estimated. The results showed that high water contents (24% - 41%) were recorded in the raw sawdust, and the thermal treatment reduced these contents from 78% to values in the range of 4% - 9%. The values for ash and volatile matter content were respectively between 0.25% - 0.74% and 68% - 76%. The LHV is higher in Ayous (17.5 MJ/kg) and Sapelli (16.8 MJ/kg) than that of Tali (15.7 MJ/kg). The concentration of heavy metals is very low in each species. Extractives are more present in Tali (16.06%) than in the other sawdusts. Pyrolysis of sawdust shows the typical decomposition of hemicellulose (270˚C - 325˚C), cellulose (325˚C - 400˚C) and lignin (200˚C - 550˚C) with a maximum loss of 75% at 370˚C and the melting point is 320˚C. The results of the sawdust parameters determined in the paper can be valorized to reduce pollutants emissions by developing the efficiency and effectiveness of biomass energy processes and promoting the use of biomass as a sustainable alternative to traditional fossil fuels.

关键词： Wood Sawmills Sawdust Combustion Energy

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Evaluation of a Rapid Diagnostic Test, Boson Biotech SARS CoV-2 Ag, for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in Gabon

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2024年第2期14卷 469-477页

作者： Samira Zoa Assoumou Ulrich Leger davy Mouangala Ludovic Mewono davy-Christ Angoune Ndong Guy Paterne Malonga Mbembo Nely Meungang Alain Moutsinga Elvyre Anita Mbongo Kama Rodrigue Mintsa Nguema Dpartement de Bactriologie-Virologie Universit des Sciences de la Sant Libreville Gabon Laboratoire Professeur Daniel Gahouma Libreville Gabon Departement des Sciences de la vie et de la Terre Ecole Normale Suprieure Libreville Gabon Centre de sant de Glass Libreville Gabon Laboratoire National de Sant Publique Libreville Gabon Dpartement de Biologie et Ecologie Animale Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique Libreville Gabon Laboratoire dEcologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT) Universit Libreville Nord (ULN) Libreville Gabon

1) Background: Rapid and acurate diagnostic testing for case identification, quarantine, and contact tracing is essential for managing the COVID 19 pandemic. Rapid antigen detection tests are available, however, it is important to evaluate their performances before use. We tested a rapid antigen detection of SARS-CoV-2, based on the immunochromatography (Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test (Xiamen Boson Biotech Co., Ltd., China)) and the results were compared with the real time reverse transcriptase-Polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) (Gold standard) results;2) Methods: From November 2021 to December 2021, samples were collected from symptomatic patients and asymptomatic individuals referred for testing in a hospital during the second pandemic wave in Gabon. All these participants attending “CTA Angondjé”, a field hospital set up as part of the management of COVID-19 in Gabon. Two nasopharyngeal swabs were collected in all the patients, one for Ag test and the other for RT-PCR;3) Results: A total of 300 samples were collected from 189 symptomatic and 111 asymptomatic individuals. The sensitivity and specificity of the antigen test were 82.5% [95%CI 73.8 - 89.3] and 97.9 % [95%CI 92.2 - 98.2] respectively, and the diagnostic accuracy was 84.4% (95% CI: 79.8 - 88.3%). The antigen test was more likely to be positive for samples with RT-PCR Ct values ≤ 32, with a sensitivity of 89.8%;4) Conclusions: The Boson Biotech SARS-CoV-2 Ag Test has good sensitivity and can detect SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among symptomatic individuals with low viral load. This test could be incorporated into efficient testing algorithms as an alternative to PCR to decrease diagnostic delays and curb viral transmission.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Rapid Diagnostic Test Evaluation COVID-19 Antigen Performance

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Coordination of Regulation Devices for Damping Power Oscillations in a Dynamic Disturbance Context: A Fuzzy Logic-Based Approach Applied to the Electrical Grid of the Republic of Congo

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Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2024年第1期12卷 44-60页

作者： Mavie Grace Mimiesse davy Rostand Souamy Loembe Smaël Magloire Elombo Motoula Désiré Lilongo-Boyenga Laboratoire du Génie É lectrique et &#201lectronique &#201cole Nationale Supérieure Polytechnique Université Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Congo Institut Supérieur d’Architecture Urbanisme Batiment et Travaux Punlics Université Dénis SASSOU-N’GUESSO Kintelé Congo

This article presents a fuzzy logic-based approach to coordinate the control devices of the power system, such as Power System Stabilizers (PSS) and Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), to damp power oscillations caused by dynamic disturbances. At first, we used the Lyapunov method to study the dynamic stability of the power grid in the Republic of Congo. This method allowed us to analyze the eigenvalues of the state variable matrix and highlight the eigenvalues in the complex plane. Secondly, we proposed a fuzzy logic-based controller to account for uncertainties existing near the thresholds. The inputs to this controller are the generator speed and generator rotor angle. We demonstrated the effectiveness and feasibility of this fuzzy control by applying it to the power grid of the Republic of Congo, with three power stabilizers and two STATCOMs. .

关键词： Fuzzy Logic STATCOM PSS Lyapunov Republic of Congo

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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Some Honeys from the Savannah-Gallery Forest Complex and Primary Forest in Gabon

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2024年第7期14卷 1904-1917页

作者： Charline Obone Madi Guirema Abaker Silas davy Mbadinga Boubala Estelle Dumont Gino Boussiengui-Boussiengui Alexis Nicaise Lepengue Dpartement Sciences Fondamental de lIngnieur Institut National Suprieur dAgronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon Dpartement de Biochimie Facult des Sciences Universit des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon LAboratoire de Recherche Multidisciplinaire en Environnement (LARME) USTM Franceville Gabon Dpartement de Phytotechnologie Institut National Suprieur dAgronomie et de Biotechnologies Universit des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku Franceville Gabon

Honey harvesting throughout beekeeping is a technology recently introduced in Gabon comparing to the other African countries well known in international honey trade. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the quality of multi-flower honeys from the savannah-gallery forest complex and primary forest not well documented in Gabon. Physical and chemical parameters of different honeys were analyzed using the official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. The results of physico-chemical analysis show variations in pH (3.4 to 3.9), free acidity (37.12 to 76.65 meq∙kg−1), water content (17.49% to 21.21%), electrical conductivity (0.64 to 1.24 mS∙cm−1), density (1.02 to 1.03) and total sugar content (77% to 82%). These variations were significantly different (p < 0.05) between certain honeys, but independent of the type of ecosystem considered. The pH values confirmed the botanical origin of the five honeys. The physico-chemical parameters of the honeys show significant correlations (p < 0.05). Moisture content is negatively correlated with conductivity (r = −0.628), pH (r = −0.631), density (r = −0.552) and total sugar content (r = −0.890). Conductivity is positively correlated with free acidity (r = 0.688) and total sugar content (r = 0.776), and negatively correlated with water content (r = −0.628). All honeys were in line with Codex Alimentarius standards, except for 3 types of honey (M1, M2 and M4) for free acidity and electrical conductivity, showing possible fermentation of these honeys.

关键词： Physico-Chemical Parameters Honey Gabon Codex Alimentarius

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Insight of Natural Compounds Halimane Diterpenoids against Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Virtual Screening, DFT, Drug-Likeness, and Molecular Dynamics Approach

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Computational Molecular Bioscience 2024年第2期14卷 35-58页

作者： Laurent Gael Eyia Andiga Boris davy Bekono Désiré Mama Bikele Pie Pascal Onguéné Amoa Luc Calvin Owono Owono Luc Léonard Mbaze Meva’a Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon Department of Physics Ecole Normale Suprieure University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon Center for Drug Discovery Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Department of Chemistry University of Yaound I Institute of Wood Technology Mbalmayo Cameroon CEPAMOQ Faculty of Science University of Douala Douala Cameroon

In the purpose to design novel antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), we have built a molecular library around 42 Halimane Diterpenoids isolated from natural sources. Two Mtb enzymes drug targets (Mtb Mycothiol S-transferase and Mtb Homoserine transacetylase) have been adopted. The pharmacological potential was investigated through molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation, density functional theory (gas phase and water) and ADMET analysis. Our results indicate that (2R,5R,6S)-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydro-5-((E)-5-hydroxy-3-methylpent-3-enyl)-1,1,5,6-tetramethylnaphtha-lene-2-ol (compound 20) has displays higher docking score with each of the selected drug targets. In addition, this molecule exhibits a satisfactory drug potential activity and a good chemical reactivity. Its improved kinetic stability in the Mtb Mycothiol S-transferase enzyme reflects its suitability as a novel inhibitor of Mtb growth. This molecule has displayed a good absorption potential. Our results also show that its passive passage of the intestinal permeability barrier is more effective than that of first-line treatments (ethambutol, isoniazid). In the same way, this anti-TB druglikeness has shown to be able to cross the blood brain barrier.

关键词： Antituberculosis Druglikeness Density Functional Theory Halimane Diterpenoids Molecular Docking Molecular Dynamics Simulation

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A Rare Cause of Leukocoria in Children: Persistent Hyperplastic Primary Vitreous

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 63-68页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Yoan Mboussou Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Helene Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Médivision Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Leukocoria, a whitish pupillary reflection, is a common warning sign of various pediatric ocular pathologies, including Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHVP). This case report describes the observation of a 3-year-old child with melanoderma, presenting with a white spot in the left eye since birth. Observation: Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye and hand movements were perceived at 2 meters in the left eye. Examination of the anterior segment in the left eye revealed leukocoria and microphthalmia. The fundus examination was normal in the right eye but revealed a white mass extending from the center of the optic disc towards the temporal region in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ocular ultrasound and optical coherence tomography, confirmed the diagnosis of PHVP, illustrated by a residual white mass at the center of the optic disc in the left eye. Conclusion: PHVP should be considered in the presence of leukocoria in a child, with urgent exclusion of retinoblastoma. This observation underscores the importance of early diagnosis for appropriate management. .

关键词： PHVP Leukocoria Amblyopia Ocular Imaging Childhood

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Birth Defects of the Child Optic Disc: Diagnostic Challenges and Prospects for Care

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 128-135页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Congenital optic disc anomalies in children refer to structural variations of the optic nerve head present from birth. These deformations involve the size, shape, color, and vessels of the optic disc. Although often asymptomatic, these anomalies can impact the visual development of the child, underscoring the importance of a thorough fundus examination for early detection and appropriate medical follow-up. We present two cases of congenital optic disc anomalies in children, illustrating the diagnostic challenges and complexity of their management. Case 1: A 3-year-old girl presented with a white spot in her left eye present since birth. Uncorrected distance visual acuity was 2/10 in the right eye, while she could perceive hand movements at 2 meters with the left eye. Normal examination in the right eye showed leukocoria, microphthalmia, and a white mass at the center of the optic disc on fundus examination in the left eye. Ocular imaging, including ultrasound and optical coherence tomography (OCT), confirmed the diagnosis of persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous (PHPV) in its mixed form in the left eye. Management included prescribing full optical correction and functional rehabilitation, without resorting to surgery. The course was marked by persistent amblyopia leading to a poor prognosis. Case 2: A 7-year-old girl consulted for vision disturbance in her right eye. Visual acuity was finger counting at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Anterior segment examination revealed no abnormalities in both eyes. However, fundus examination highlighted a large funnel-shaped excavation associated with central glial proliferation, wheel spoke vessels, and neuroretinal ring atrophy in the right eye. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) of the right eye confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory syndrome. Management included full optical correction and orthoptic rehabilitation. The course was marked by the absence of ocular com

关键词： Optic Disc PHPV Morning Glory Diagnosis Treatment

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Morning Glory Syndrome or Bindweed Flower Papilla Syndrome

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 143-148页

作者： Prudence Ada Assoumou davy Alex Mouinga Abayi Yoan Mboussou Annick Kougou Ntoutoume Hélène Nyinko Aboughe Olive Matsanga Tatiana Harly Mba Aki Emmanuel Mve Mengome Owendo University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Omar Bongo Ondimba Military Instructions Hospital Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon Mé division Clinic Libreville Gabon Jeanne Ebori Foundation Mother and Child University Hospital Center Department of Surgery at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Health Sciences Libreville Gabon

Introduction: Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) is a rare anomaly of the optic nerve characterized by a flower-shaped excavation in the optic disc. This anatomical peculiarity is of growing interest due to its impact on vision and the therapeutic challenges it presents. Despite research advances, gaps persist, requiring thorough exploration to better understand this rare condition. We present the case of a young girl. Observation: A 7-year-old girl presented with persistent deterioration of vision in the right eye since birth. Visual acuity was counting fingers at 2 meters in the right eye and 10/10 in the left eye. Biomicroscopy was normal in both eyes, and fundus examination revealed a funnel-shaped excavation at the optic disc of the right eye, associated with central glial proliferation, thin blood vessels in a radial distribution, and atrophy of the neuroretinal rim. Additional tests confirmed the diagnosis of isolated unilateral Morning Glory Syndrome in the right eye. Combined treatment included appropriate optical correction and functional rehabilitation. Regular ophthalmological follow-up over a one-year period was established to monitor visual acuity evolution, optic disc stability, and detect any potential complications. The reserved prognosis was marked by the absence of ocular complications and maintenance of initial visual acuity in the right eye. Conclusion: The positive response to management underscores the importance of an integrated approach, early diagnosis, therapeutic adherence, and personalized strategies.

关键词： Morning Glory Anomaly Congenital Disc OCT

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