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Differential regulation of protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs by leucine through an mTORC1-dependent pathway

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 32-41页

作者： Agus Suryawan Hanh V Nguyen Rosemarie D Almonaci Teresa A davis Department of Pediatrics Baylor College of Medicine United States Department of Agriculture/Agriculture Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center 1100 Bates Street Houston TX 77030 USA

Neonatal growth is characterized by a high protein synthesis rate that is largely due to an enhanced sensitivity to the postprandial rise in insulin and amino acids, especially leucine. The mechanism of leucine＇s action in vivo is not well understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of leucine infusion on protein synthesis in skeletal muscle and liver of neonatal pigs. To evaluate the mode of action of leucine, we used rapamycin, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin （mTOR） complex-1 （mTORC1）. Overnight-fasted 7-day-old piglets were treated with rapamycin for 1 hour and then infused with leucine （400 μmol·kg^-1·h^-1） for 1 hour. Leucine infusion increased the rate of protein synthesis, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 （S6K1） and eukaryotic initiation factor （elF） 4E-binding protein-1 （4E-BP1） phosphorylation in gastrocnemius and masseter muscles （P 〈 0.05）, but not in the liver. The leucine-induced stimulation of protein synthesis and S6K1 and 4E-BP1 phosphorylation were completely blocked by rapamycin, suggesting that leucine action is by an mTORC1-dependent mechanism. Neither leucine nor rapamycin had any effect on the activation of the upstream mTQRC1 regulators, AMP-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B, in skeletal muscle or liver. The activation of elF2α and elongation factor 2 was not affected by leucine or rapamycin, indicating that these two pathways are not limiting steps of leucine-induced protein synthesis. These results suggest that leucine stimulates muscle protein synthesis in neonatal pigs by inducing the activation of mTORC1 and its downstream pathway leading to mRNA translation.

关键词： leucine mTORC1 neonatal pigs rapamycin skeletal muscle

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Host plant selection of Chrysolina clathrata （Coleoptera： Chrysomelidae） from Mpumalanga, South Africa

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Insect Science 2009年第1期16卷 81-88页

作者： Robert S. Boyd Micheal A. davis Michael A. wall Kevin Balkwill Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg Mississippi Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herbarium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Private Bag 3 WITS 2050 Johannesburg South Africa

Hyperaccumulated elements such as Ni may defend plants against some natural enemies whereas other enemies may circumvent this defense. The Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii Roessler （Asteraceae） is a host plant species for Chrysolina clathrata （Clark）, which suffers no apparent harm by consuming its leaf tissue. Beetle specimens collected from B. coddii had a whole body Ni concentration of 260μg/g dry weight, despite consuming leaf material containing 15 100μg Ni/g. Two experiments were conducted with adults of this beetle species： a no-choice experiment and a choice experiment. In the nochoice experiment we offered beetles foliage of one of four speeies ofBerkheya： B. coddii, B. rehmannii Thell. var. rogersiana Thell., B. echinacea （Harv.） O. Hoffm. ex Burtt Davey, and B. insignis （Harv.） Thell. The two former species are Ni hyperaccumulators （defined as having leafNi concentration 〉 1 000 μg/g） whereas the latter have low Ni levels （〈 200 μg/g） in their leaves. Masses of beetles were monitored for 6 days. Choice experiments used growing stem tips from the same Berkheya species, placed into Petri dishes with five Chrysolina beetles in each, and the amount of feeding damage caused on each of the four species was recorded. Beetles in the no-choice experiment gained mass when offered B. coddii, maintained mass on leaves of the other Ni hyperaccumulator （B. rehmannii var. rogersiana）, and lost mass when offered non-hyperaccumulator leaves. In the choice test, beetles strongly preferred B. coddii to other Berkheya species. we conclude that C. clathrata may be host-specific on B. coddii.

关键词： Berkheya coddii bioaccumulation heavy metals host plant specialist nickel

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The Dayingzi detachment fault system in Liaodong Peninsula and its regional tectonic significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2011年第10期54卷 1469-1483页

作者： SHEN Liang LIU JunLai HU Ling JI Mo GUAN HuiMei Gregory A davis State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources China University ofGeosciences Beijing 100083 China China National Offshore Oil Corporation Research Institute Beijing 100027 China Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Earth Sciences University of Southern California Los Angeles CA90089-0740 USA

Large scale lithosphere thinning is an important characteristic of the destruction of the North China Craton （NCC） during the late Mesozoic. A series of extensional structures were developed under extensional setting, among which is the Dayingzi detachment fault system （DFS）. The DFS is constituted by three parts, volcano-sedimentary basins at the hanging wall, the Dayingzi-Huanghuadian detachment fault zone, and Paleoproterozoic metamorphic rock series and Mesozoic plutons at the footwall. In the section across the detachment fault zone, there is a sequence of tectonites including fault gouge, microbreccia, cataclastic-mylonites, mylonites, and gneissic biotite monzonite granite. Microstructural characteristics of tectonites and electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD） patterns of quartz indicate that the rocks from the footwall experienced a process from upper greenschist facies to lower greenschist facies. SHRIMP and LA-ICP MS U-Pb dating of zircons from the volcanic rocks in the basins, the tectonic evolution of the DFS is summarized as follows： 1） regional extension started at 135.0±1.2 Ma ago, when the detachment fault cut through the middle crust. Faulting induced the upwelling of magma and eruption of volcanic rocks and deformed a series of medium-acid volcanic rocks; 2） after 135.0±1.2 Ma, a large scale detachment faulting was active cross-cutting the mid-upper crust. The western margin of Jurassic and Triassic granite was ductilly and brittly sheared; besides, the Cretaceous volcanoedimentary rocks were tilted when the master fault approached the surface; 3） at around 127±1 Ma, the detachment fault stopped its activity and was intruded by the unsheared Cretaceous granite near Chaoyang. Comparison with the Liaonan metamorphic core complex （MCC） and other extensional structures in Liaodong Peninsula led to a general trend of including three zones in the Peninsula： MCC zone, detachment fault systems （DFS） zone, and half graben zone. MCC commonly cuts through t

关键词： Liaodong Peninsula detachment fault system Cretaceous extension lithosphere thinning North China Craton

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Host-herbivore studies of Stenoscepa sp. （Orthoptera：Pyrgomorphidae）, a high-Ni herbivore of the South African Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii （Asteraceae）

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Insect Science 2007年第2期14卷 133-143页

作者： ROBERT S. BOYD MICHEAL A. davis MICHAEL A. wALL KEVIN BALKwILL Department of Biological Sciences Auburn University Auburn Alabama University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Department of Biological Sciences University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg MS University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa Entomology Department San Diego Natural History Museum San Diego California USA C.E. Moss Herbarium School of Animal and Plant Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa

Nymphs of Stenoscepa sp. feed on leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator Berkheya coddii at serpentine sites in Mpumalanga Province, South Africa. These sites contain Ni hyperaccumulators, Ni accumulators, and plants with Ni concentrations in the normal range. we conducted studies to：（i） determine the whole-body metal concentration of nymphs （including those starved to empty their guts）; （ii） compare Stenoscepa sp. nymphs against other grasshoppers in the same habitat for whole-body metal concentrations; and （iii）compare the suitability of Ni hyperaccumulator and Ni accumulator plants as food sources for Stenoscepa sp. and other grasshoppers. Stenoscepa nymphs had extremely high whole-body Ni concentrations （3 500μg Ni/g）. This was partly due to food in the gut, as starved insects contained less Ni （950 pg Ni/g）. Stenoscepa nymphs survived significantly better than other grasshoppers collected from either a serpentine or a non-serpentine site when offered high-Ni plants as food. In a host preference test among four Berkheya species （two Ni hyperaccumulators and two Ni accumulators）, Stenoscepa sp, preferred leaves of the Ni hyperaccumulator species. A preference experiment using leaves of three Senecio species （of which one species, Senecio coronatus, was represented by both a Ni hyperaccumulator and a Ni accumulator population） showed that Stenoscepa sp. preferred Ni accumulator Senecio coronatus leaves to all other choices. we conclude that Stenoscepa sp. is extremely Ni-tolerant. Stenoscepa sp. nymphs prefer leaves of hyperaccumulator Berkheya species, but elevated Ni concentration alone does not determine their food preference. we suggest that the extremely high whole-body Ni concentration of Stenoscepa nymphs may affect food web relationships in these serpentine communities.

关键词： Berkheya coddii biomagnification food webs heavy metals hyperaccumulation,South Africa

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Survival and maturation rates of the African rodent, Mastomys natalensis: density-dependence and rainfall

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Integrative Zoology 2007年第4期2卷 220-232页

作者： Vincent SLUYDTS Laurent CRESPIN Stephen davis Mauricio LIMA Herwig LEIRS Evolutionary Biology Group University of AntwerpAntwerpBelgium Danish Pest Infestation Laboratory Department of Integrated Pest ManagementFaculty of Agricultural SciencesUniversity of AarhusKongens LyngbyDenmark Center for Advances Studies in Ecology and Biodiversity Pontifical Catholic University of ChileSantiagoChile IRD UMR CBGP(INRA/IRD/Cirad/Montpellier SupAgro)Montferrier-sur-Lez CedexFrance

Survival and maturation rates of female Mastomys natalensis were analysed based on a ten-year monthlycapture-recapture data set. we investigated whether direct and delayed density dependent and independent (rainfall)variables accounted for the considerable variation in demographic traits. It was estimated that seasonal and annualcovariates accounted for respectively 29 and 26% of the total variation in maturation rates and respectively 17 and11% of the variation in survival rates. Explaining the between-year differences in maturation rates with annual pastrainfall or density did not improve the model fit. On the other hand we showed that maturation rates were correlatednegatively with density the previous month and positively to cumulative rainfall over the past three *** estimates of both adults and subadults varied seasonally, with higher estimates during the increase phase(dry season). The subadults were characterised by a very high survival rate (> 0.95) during this phase. In thedecrease phase only minor differences were found between survival rates of subadults and adults. we found that39% of the between-year variation in survival can be explained by accumulated rainfall over the past year.

关键词： capture-recapture Mastomys maturation multistate model survival

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The Chelsea girls

The Chelsea girls

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作者： Fiona davis.

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Pre-school childcare in England, 1939-2010

Pre-school childcare in England, 1939-2010

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作者： (1981-)davis Angela

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Mastering VBA 6 / Guy Hart-davis.

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2000年

作者： Guy Hart-davis.

ISBN: (纸本)0782126367

From the Publisher: Learn Programming with VBA to Automate Your work. Visual Basic for Applications is the most widespread application programming language around, offering you the ability to automate and customize the behavior of hundreds of VBA-compliant applications. Mastering VBA 6 begins by equipping you with a solid foundation in VBA programming, then moves on to clear, tutorial-based instruction in the specific techniques you need to know to get the performance you want.

关键词： Application software

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A case of giant prostatic hyperplasia

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Asian Journal of Urology 2016年第1期3卷 53-55页

作者： Luke wang Paul davis Kevin McMillan Department of Urology Eastern HealthNelson StBox HillVictoriaAustralia Monash University Eastern Health Clinical SchoolArnold StBox HillVictoriaAustralia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH)is one of the most common conditions experienced by aging males and a frequent cause of bladder outlet obstruction and macroscopic *** prostatic hyperplasia(GPH)is an extremely rare form of prostatic *** present a case of a patient with GPH of 800 *** our knowledge,this is the fourth largest prostatic hyperplasia ever reported in the literature.

关键词： Prostate Prostatic hyperplasia Urology Haematuria Indwelling catheters

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Calibration of a hysteretic model for glass fiber reinforced gypsum wall panels

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Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2014年第2期13卷 347-355页

作者： Maganti Janardhana Robin davis P S.S.Ravichandran A.M.Prasad D.Menon JNTUH College of Engineering National Institute of Technology Rourkela India Leslie E.Robertson Associates Consulting Engineers (India) Pvt.Ltd Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Glass fi ber reinforced gypsum(GFRG) wall panels are prefabricated panels with hollow cores, originally developed in Australia and subsequently adopted by India and China for use in buildings. This paper discusses identifi cation and calibration of a suitable hysteretic model for GFRG wall panels fi lled with reinforced concrete. As considerable pinching was observed in the experimental results, a suitable hysteretic model with pinched hysteretic rule is used to conduct a series of quasi-static as inelastic hysteretic response analyses of GFRG panels with two different widths. The calibration of the pinching model parameters was carried out to approximately match the simulated and experimental responses up to 80% of the peak load in the post peak region. Interestingly, the same values of various parameters(energy dissipation and pinching related parameters) were obtained for all fi ve test specimens.

关键词： glass fi ber reinforced gypsum walls hysteretic model pinching model

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