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Regulation of protein degradation pathways by amino acids and insulin in skeletal muscle of neonatal pigs

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 299-309页

作者： Agus Suryawan Teresa A davis United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center Department of PediatricsBaylor College of Medicine

Background： The rapid gain in lean mass in neonates requires greater rates of protein synthesis than degradation. We previously delineated the molecular mechanisms by which insulin and amino acids, especially leucine, modulate skeletal muscle protein synthesis and how this changes with development. In the current study, we identified mechanisms involved in protein degradation regulation. In experiment 1,6- and 26-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemiohyperaminoacidemic, and 3） hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic clamps for 2 h. In experiment 2, 5-d-old pigs were studied during 1） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-euleucinemic, 2） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-hypoaminoacidemic- hyperleucinemic, and 3） euinsulinemic-euglycemic-euaminoacidemic-hyperleucinemic clamps for 24 h. We determined in muscle indices of ubiquitin-proteasome, i.e., atrogin-1 （MAFbx） and muscle RING-finger protein-1 （MuRF1） and autophagy-lysosome systems, i.e., unc51-1ike kinase 1 （UKL1）, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 （LC3）, and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 （Lamp-2）. For comparison, we measured ribosomal protein 56 （rpS6） and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E （elF4E） activation, components of translation initiation. Results： Abundance of atrogin-1, but not MuRF1, was greater in 26- than 6-d-old pigs and was not affected by insulin, amino acids, or leucine. Abundance of ULK1 and LC3 was higher in younger pigs and not affected by treatment. The LC3-11/LC3-1 ratio was reduced and ULK1 phosphorylation increased by insulin, amino acids, and leucine. These responses were more profound in younger pigs. Abundance of Lamp-2 was not affected by treatment or development. Abundance of elF4E, but not rpS6, was higher in 6- than 26-d-old-pigs but unaffected by treatment. Phosphorylation of elF4E was not affected by treatment, however, insulin, amino acids, and leucine stimulated rpS6 phosphorylation, and the resp

关键词： Amino acids Autophagy Insulin Leucine Muscle Neonate Protein degradation Protein synthesis,Swine Ubiquitin

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Vaccine-associated myocarditis:a case report and summary of the literature

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第6期13卷 485-487页

作者： Joshua davis Lauren Jennings University of Kansas School of Medicine Wichita 67214USA Vituity Wichita 67214USA American Red Cross in Hazelwood Missouri 63042USA

Dear editor,Myocarditis is a known complication of vaccines for COVID-19,particularly mRNA *** it is rare,the exact incidence of vaccine-associated myocarditis is *** of personal choice in vaccination decisions often cite the risk of myocarditis as a reason one might choose not to receive the COVID-19 ***,we describe a case of focal myocarditis associated with the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine and review the literature on the incidence and risk of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis.

关键词： myocarditis vaccine Pfizer

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Time for a Nuclear Meeting： Protein Trafficking and Chromatin Dynamics Intersect in the Plant Circadian System

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Molecular Plant 2012年第3期5卷 554-565页

作者： Eva Herrero Seth J. davis Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research Carl-von-Linne＇weg 10 50829 Cologne Germany Present address： MRC National Institute for Medical Research The Ridgeway Mill Hill NW7 1AA London UK

Circadian clocks mediate adaptation to the 24-h world. In Arabidopsis, most circadian-clock components act in the nucleus as transcriptional regulators and generate rhythmic oscillations of transcript accumulation. In this review, we focus on post-transcriptional events that modulate the activity of circadian-clock components, such as phosphorylation, ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation, changes in cellular localization, and protein-protein interactions. These processes have been found to be essential for circadian function, not only in plants, but also in other circadian systems. Moreover, light and clock signaling networks are highly interconnected. In the nucleus, light and clock compo- nents work together to generate transcriptional rhythms, leading to a general control of the timing of plant physiological processes.

关键词： circadian light signaling chromatin cellular dynamics ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated proteolysis

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Lead-phase and red-stripe color morphs of red-backed salamanders Plethodon cinereus differ in hematological stress indices:A consequence of differential predation pressure?

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Current Zoology 2010年第2期56卷 238-243页

作者： Andrew K.davis Joseph R.MILANOVICH D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources The University of Georgia

Throughout the animal kingdom there are species that have two or more phenotypic forms or ‘morphs＇, and many of these are amphibians. In North America, the red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus can have either a red dorsal stripe or no dorsal stripe （lead-phase form）, and evidence to date indicates the lead-phase form incurs a greater number of attacks from predators. In a recent collection of 51 P cinereus, blood smears of both color morphs （35 red-stripe, 16 lead-phase） were examined to obtain numbers of circulating leukocytes （via light microscopy）, which can be used to indirectly estimate levels of stress hormones in vertebrates via a ‘hematological stress index＇, which is the ratio between the number of two leukocyte types （neutrophils and lymphocytes）. Our results showed that lead-phase salamanders tended to have greater numbers of circulating neutrophils and lower numbers of circulating lymphocytes than red-stripe morphs, leading to higher average neutrophil-lymphocyte ratios in lead-phase individuals. Since the salamanders were held （refrigerated） for 7 days before sampling, we cannot be certain if this effect is a stress reaction to the captivity or the normal level for this morph. However comparison with two sets of related salamanders that were captured and sampled immediately indicates the red-stripe salamanders were either not stressed from the captivity at all, or their white blood cell distributions had returned to normal after 7 days of captivity. Taken together, our results indicate that lead-phase forms of P. cinereus have higher stress levels than the red-stripe forms, which may be a consequence of their higher exposure to, and/or attacks from, predators. They may also indicate that the lead-phase form is less-suited to captivity than the red-stripe form of this species.

关键词： Red-backed salamander Plethodon cinereus Color polyrnorphism Hematological stress index Corticosterone

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Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles as potential mechanism for repair of microvascular damage within and outside of the central nervous system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:perspective schema

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Neural Regeneration Research 2021年第4期16卷 680-681页

作者： Svitlana Garbuzova-davis Cesario V.Borlongan Center of Excellence for Aging&Brain Repair Department of Neurosurgery and Brain RepairUniversity of South FloridaMorsani College of MedicineTampaFLUSA Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology Department of Pathology and Cell BiologyUniversity of South FloridaMorsani College of MedicineTampaFLUSA

Microvascular alterations within and outside the central nervous system(CNS)in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS):ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease leading to paralysis and eventual death within 3 to 5 years of diagnosis due to respiratory *** pathogenic intrinsic and extrinsic effectors are involved in the diffuse motor neuron ***,impairment of neurovascular unit components in the brain and spinal cord in ALS patients and in animal models of disease was noted and points to vascular pathology being a key factor in the recognition of ALS as a neurovascular disease(Garbuzova-davis et al.,2011).

关键词： damage alterations diagnosis

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Physical and chemical processes promoting dominance of the toxic cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2011年第4期29卷 883-891页

作者： Michele A. BURFORD Timothy W. davis Australian Rivers Institute Griffith University Nathan Qld. 4111 Australia

The freshwater cyanobacterium, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii （Woloszyflska） Seenayya and Subba Raju is a common species in lakes and reservoirs globally. In some areas of the world it can produce cytoand hepatotoxins （cylindrospermopsins, saxitoxins）, making blooms of this species a serious health concern for humans. In the last 10 15 years, there has been a considerable body of research conducted on the ecology, physiology and toxin production of this species and this paper reviews these studies with a focus on the cylindrospermopsin （CYN）-producing strains. C. raciborskii has low light requirements, close to neutral buoyancy, and a wide temperature tolerance, giving it the capacity to grow in many lentic waterbodies. It also has a flexible strategy with respect to nitrogen （N） utilisation; being able to switch between utilising fixed and atmospheric N as sources of N fluctuate. Additionally this species has a high phosphate （DIP） affinity and storage capacity. Like many cyanobacteria, it also has the capacity to use dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP）. Changes in nutrient concentrations, light levels and temperature have also been found to affect production of the toxin CYN by this species. However, optimal toxin production does not necessarily occur when growth rates are optimal. Additionally, different strains of C. raciborskii vary in their cell quota of CYN, making it difficult to predict toxin concentrations, based on C. raciborskii cell densities. In summary, the ecological flexibility of this organism means that controlling blooms of C. raciborskii is a difficult undertaking. However, improved understanding of factors promoting the species and toxin production by genetically capable strains will lead to improved predictive models of blooms.

关键词： cyanobacteria freshwater algal toxins nutrients light temperature

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Pelage color of red bats Lasiurus borealis varies with body size:An image analysis of museum specimens

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Current Zoology 2010年第4期56卷 401-405页

作者： Andrew K.davis Steven B.CASTLEBERRY D.B. Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources The University of Georgia

Mammalian pelage color can vary among individuals of many species, although this intraspecific variation is oftenoverlooked by researchers, perhaps because of its sometimes subtle nature and difficulty in assessing it quantitatively. Thus, suchvariation is rarely studied in mammals, and this is especially true within the order Chiroptera, where there has been very little empiricalresearch. We examined museum specimens of red bats (Lasiurus borealis, family Vespertilionidae) from Georgia, USA, todetermine the extent of sexual dimorphism in pelage color and to explore possible associations between body size and pelagecolor. We photographed 54 specimens under uniform lighting, and used an image analysis program to measure pelage hue on theuropatagium region, which is fully furred in members of the genus Lasiurus. Statistical analyses of pelage hue scores showedmales had significantly redder pelage than females when considered alone, but when examined together with effects of body sizeand collection year, sex was not significant, and collection year and body size were. More recent specimens tended to be less redthan older specimens, which might indicate a wearing of the buffy tips of hairs from older specimens, and smaller bats of bothsexes tended to be more red. These interesting findings are encouraging and we suggest that future explorations into intraspecificvariation in pelage color of bats using this or similar approaches are warranted to clarify the significance of the patterns. Thisstudy also demonstrated that care must be taken in analyses of mammalian pelage color from older museum skins, or at least thatresearchers must take into account the age of the specimens .

关键词： Pelage color Sexual dimorphism Red bats Lasiurus borealis Image analysis

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An evaluation of a catch and release trout regulation in Rapid Creek,South Dakota

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Aquaculture and Fisheries 2023年第5期8卷 558-563页

作者： Jacob L.davis South Dakota Department of Game Fish and Parks4130 Adventure TrailRapid CitySD57702USA

Often,catch and release regulations are meant to maximize a fisheries potential to create trophy fish.I evaluated adult Brown Trout populations at five locations within Rapid Creek within Rapid City,SD over a two-year *** each year,one of these locations was within a catch and release area,while two were *** 2012,density and biomass estimates were higher in a site located outside of the catch and release ***,size structure within the catch and release area was only significantly larger than one of the two sites outside of the regulation *** relative weight values were inversely related to density estimates,with the lowest density sites having the highest mean relative ***,a site outside of the catch and release area had the highest abundance and biomass estimates in *** cumulative length distribution was significantly different between the site within the catch and release area and the two located *** weight was significantly higher in the catch and release area than the two sites *** population characteristics within the catch and release area were not consistently better than outside,it is more likely that factors such as habitat and density dependence are impacting the Brown Trout population more than the regulation itself.

关键词： Trout Regulations Catch and release

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Variability of waste copper slag concrete and its effect on the seismic safety of reinforced concrete building: A case study

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2022年第1期16卷 117-130页

作者： Swetapadma PANDA Nikhil P.ZADE Pradip SARKAR Robin davis Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Technical Education and ResearchOdisha 751030India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology RourkelaOdisha 769008India Department of Civil Engineering National Institute of Technology CalicutKerala 673601India

Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built *** numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature,no research has focused on the structural application of this type of *** particular,the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete,which is required for various structural applications,such as limit state design formulation,reliability-based structural analysis,etc.,has so far not attracted the attention of *** paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-,flexural-and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine ***-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory *** addition,the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building,considering the proposed distribution *** results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.

关键词： waste copper slag quantification of variability goodness-of-fit test seismic risk assessment PSDM

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Parallelization of an Implicit Algorithm for Multi-Dimensional Particle-in-Cell Simulations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第8期16卷 599-611页

作者： George M.Petrov Jack davis Naval Research Laboratory Plasma Physics Division4555 Overlook Ave.SWWashingtonDC 20375USA.

The implicit 2D3V particle-in-cell(PIC)code developed to study the interaction of ultrashort pulse lasers with matter[*** and ***,Computer ***.179,868(2008);*** 18,073102(2011)]has been parallelized using MPI(Message Passing Interface).The parallelization strategy is optimized for a small number of computer cores,up to about *** on the algorithm implementation are given with emphasis on code optimization by overlapping computations with *** evaluation for 1D domain decomposition has been made on a small Linux cluster with 64 computer cores for two typical regimes of PIC operation:”particle dominated”,for which the bulk of the computation time is spent on pushing particles,and”field dominated”,for which computing the fields is *** a small number of computer cores,less than 32,the MPI implementation offers a significant numerical *** the”particle dominated”regime it is close to the maximum theoretical one,while in the”field dominated”regime it is about 75-80%of the maximum *** a number of cores exceeding 32,performance degradation takes place as a result of the adopted 1D domain *** code parallelization will allow future implementation of atomic physics and extension to three dimensions.

关键词： Particle-in-cell Maxwell equations MPI lasertarget interaction.

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