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Current protective strategies in liver surgery

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第48期16卷 6098-6103页

作者： Kurinchi S Gurusamy Hector D Gonzalez Brian R davidson HPB and Liver Transplantation Royal Free CampusUniversity College London Medical SchoolRoyal Free Hospital

During liver resection surgery for cancer or liver transplantation,the liver is subject to ischaemia (reduction in blood flow) followed by reperfusion (restoration of blood flow),which results in liver injury [ischemiareperfusion (IR) or IR injury]. Modulation of IR injury can be achieved in various ways. These include hypothermia,ischaemic preconditioning (IPC) (brief cycles of ischaemia followed by reperfusion of the organ before the prolonged period of ischaemia i.e. a conditioning response),ischaemic postconditioning (conditioning after the prolonged period of ischaemia but before the reperfusion),pharmacological agents to decrease IR injury,genetic modulation of IR injury,and machine perfusion (pulsatile perfusion). Hypothermia decreases the metabolic functions and the oxygen consumption of organs. Static cold storage in University of Wisconsin solution reduces IR injury and has prolonged organ storage and improved the function of transplanted grafts. There is currently no evidence for any clinical advantage in the use of alternate solutions for static cold storage. Although experimental data from animal models suggest that IPC,ischaemic postconditioning,various pharma-cological agents,gene therapy,and machine perfusion decrease IR injury,none of these interventions can be recommended in clinical practice. This is because of the lack of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of ischaemic postconditioning,gene therapy,and machine perfusion. Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials assessing the safety and efficacy of IPC and various pharmacological agents have demonstrated biochemical or histological improvements but this has not translated to clinical benefit. Further well designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to assess the various new protective strategies in liver resection.

关键词： Liver Hepatectomy Liver transplantation Ischemia-reperfusion injury Hypothermia Ischaemic preconditioning

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ON A PRESUMABLY PLEISTOCENE HUMAN TOOTH FROM THE SJARA-OSSO-GOL (SOUTHEASTERN ORDOS) DEPOSITS

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地质学报 1926年第Z1期 285-290+295页

作者： E.LICENT TEILHARD DE CHARDIN davidson BLACK

关键词： ON A PRESUMABLY PLEISTOCENE HUMAN TOOTH FROM THE SJARA-OSSO-GOL SOUTHEASTERN ORDOS DEPOSITS

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NATION OF NATIONS : 4th ed.

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2006年

作者： JAMES WEST davidson ... [ET AL.].

Includes bibliographical references (B-1-B-46) and index.

ISBN: (纸本)0072970871

Includes bibliographical references (B-1-B-46) and index.

关键词： United States

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全身磁共振成像可有效判定、识别结直肠癌患者的转移

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英国医学杂志中文版 2020年第5期23卷 294-295页

作者： Rob Cook Peter davidson Rosie Martin 李婕琳(译) Bazian Economist Intelligence Unit HealthcareLondonUK Wessex Institute University of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK 首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院消化科

研究Taylor S,Mallett S,Beare S et *** accuracy of whole-body MRI versus standard imaging pathways for metastatic disease in newly diagnosed colorectal cancer:the prospective Streamline C *** Gastroenterol Hepatol 2019;4:529-37.该项目由NIHR健康技术评估计划(NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme)资助(项目号10/68/01)。阅读完整版NIHR Signal,见https://***/content/signal-000797/identifying-metastatic-disease-in-colorectal-cancer-withwhole-body-mri.

关键词： al. colorectal cancer

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Development of a Rapid Risk and Impact Assessment Tool to Enhance Response to Environmental Emergencies in the Early Stages of a Disaster: A Tool Developed by the European Multiple Environmental Threats Emergency NETwork (EMETNET) Project

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2021年第4期12卷 528-539页

作者： Emma-Jane Goode Eirian Thomas Owen Landeg Raquel Duarte-davidson Lisbeth Hall Jolanda Roelofs Sjors Schulpen Arnout De Bruin Elisabeth Wigenstam Birgitta Liljedahl Annica Waleij Louise Simonsson Ann Göransson Nyberg Centre for Radiation Chemicals and EnvironmentPublic Health England(PHE)Harwell CampusDidcotOX11 ORQUK Centre for Environmental Safety and Security National Institute for Public Health and the Environment(RIVM)Bilthoven3721 MAThe Netherlands Division of CBRN Defence and Security Swedish Defense Research Agency(FOI)90182UmeåSweden

Every year,numerous environmental disasters and emergencies occur across the globe with far-reaching impacts on human health and the *** ability to rapidly assess an environmental emergency to mitigate potential risks and impacts is ***,collating the necessary evidence in the early stages of an emergency to conduct a robust risk assessment is a major *** article presents a methodology developed to help assess the risks and impacts during the early stages of such incidents,primarily to support the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism but also the wider global community in the response to environmental *** online rapid risk and impact assessment tool has also been developed to promote enhanced collaboration between experts who are working remotely,considering the impact of a disaster on the environment and public health in the short,medium,and long *** methodology developed can support the appropriate selection of experts and assets to be deployed to affected regions to ensure that potential public health and environmental risks and impacts are mitigated whenever *** methodology will aid defensible decision making,communication,planning,and risk management,and presents a harmonized understanding of the associated impacts of an environmental emergency.

关键词： Civil protection Environmental emergencies Impact assessment Risk assessment Systematic expert judgment

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Nation of nations

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1996年

作者： James West davidson ... [et al.].

Includes bibliographical references (A29-A53) and index.

ISBN: (纸本)0070157405 :

Includes bibliographical references (A29-A53) and index.

关键词：

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Nation of nations : a concise narrative of the American republic / 3rd ed. 3rd ed.

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2002年

作者： James West davidson ... [et al.].

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Molecular mechanisms of liver ischemia reperfusion injury:Insights from transgenic knockout models

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第11期19卷 1683-1698页

作者： Gourab Datta Barry J Fuller Brian R davidson Liver Transplantation and Hepatobiliary Unit Division of Surgery and Interventional ScienceRoyal Free CampusUniversity College LondonRoyal Free Hampstead NHS Trust HospitalLondon NW 2QGUnited Kingdom

Ischemia reperfusion injury is a major obstacle in liver resection and liver transplantation *** the mechanisms of liver ischemia reperfusion injury(IRI) and developing strategies to counteract this injury will therefore reduce acute complications in hepatic resection and transplantation,as well as expanding the potential pool of usable donor *** initial liver injury is initiated by reactive oxygen species which cause direct cellular injury and also activate a cascade of molecular mediators leading to microvascular changes,increased apoptosis and acute inflammatory changes with increased hepatocyte *** adaptive pathways are activated during reperfusion that reduce the reperfusion *** involves a complex interplay between neutrophils,natural killer T-cells cells,CD4+ T cell subtypes,cytokines,nitric oxide synthases,haem oxygenase-1,survival kinases such as the signal transducer and activator of transcription,Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases/Akt and nuclear factor κβ *** animals,particularly genetic knockout models,have become a powerful tool at elucidating mechanisms of liver ischaemia reperfusion injury and are complementary to pharmacological *** disruption of the protein at the genetic level is more specific and maintained than pharmacological inhibitors or stimulants of the same *** article reviews the evidence from knockout models of liver IRI about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying liver IRI.

关键词： Liver Ischemia/reperfusion Transgenic Knockout Nitric oxide synthase Haem oxygenase Mitogen-activated protein kinase T cell receptor

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In Vivo Recovery of Cell Type-specific Transcriptome from the Developing Embryo

In Vivo Recovery of Cell Type-specific Transcriptome from th...

引用

第二届全国发育生物学大会

作者： Qiang Tu Julius C Barsi Eric H davidson Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of Sciences Division of Biology California Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCalifornia 91125USA

Cell type-specific gene sets are critical for multiple important problems in developmental *** cell types of interest have been recovered by various methods and ***,systematic recovery of multiple cell type-specific gene sets from whole developing organisms has remained *** we describe a method to recover such cell-type specific gene sets,which utilizes the knowledge of marker genes expressed by given cells of the embryo to define cell type and includes a fluorescence activated cell sorting(FACS)procedure that results in no perturbation of transcript *** have extensively validated the method by spatial and qualitative analyses of the transcriptome expressed in isolated sea urchin embryonic skeletogenic cells and as a consequence,generated a prototypical cell type-specific transcriptome *** cell types that cover the majority of the sea urchin embryo are under investigation.

关键词： cell-type specific transcriptome embryo

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有关慢性阻塞性肺疾病的几个值得关注的问题

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中华结核和呼吸杂志 2012年第1期35卷 73-74页

作者：乔人立 Bruce L davidson Darcy Marciniuk Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine Keck bchoot ot Medicine University of Southern Califonlia Los Angeles California USA Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine University of Washington School of Medicine Seattle Washington USA Division of Respirology Critical Care and Sleep Medicine University of Saskatchewan Canada

COPD已成为全球医学界的难题，其病死率不断攀升，速度超过任何其他主要死因，而且是各种死因中发病率继续上升的惟一病种。目前COPD已超过脑血管疾病，成为美国第3大主要死亡原因。据估计，从2003年到2033年中国死于COPD的人数将累计超...

COPD已成为全球医学界的难题，其病死率不断攀升，速度超过任何其他主要死因，而且是各种死因中发病率继续上升的惟一病种。目前COPD已超过脑血管疾病，成为美国第3大主要死亡原因。据估计，从2003年到2033年中国死于COPD的人数将累计超过6500万。随着COPD造成疾病负担的增长，我们对其影响程度及有效管理的认识也在提高。为全面优化COPD的管理，有必要对COPD需要注意的问题进行深入探讨。为此，我们对COPD患者顽固性呼吸困难、肺动脉高压及合并肺癌的管理等重要临床问题进行简要论述。

关键词：慢性阻塞性肺疾病 COPD患者主要死亡原因有效管理主要死因脑血管疾病肺动脉高压疾病负担

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