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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第2期67卷 174-180页

作者： Lijun Zhu david Lujan Xiaoqin Li State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Department of Physics Center for Complex Quantum SystemsUniversity of Texas at AustinAustin 78712USA

Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI)is the key ingredient of chiral spintronic phenomena and the emerging technologies based on such phenomena.A nonzero DMI usually occurs at magnetic interfaces or within non-centrosymmetric single ***,we report the observation of a strong unexpected DMI within a centrosymmetric polycrystalline ferromagnet that has neither a crystal inversion symmetry breaking nor a composition *** DMI is a bulk effect,increases with the thickness of the magnetic layer,and is insensitive to the symmetry of the interfaces or the neighboring *** observe a total DMI strength that is a factor of>2 greater than the highest interfacial DMI in the *** DMI most likely arises from the strong spin-orbit coupling,strong orbital hybrization,and a“hidden”long-range asymmetry in the *** discovery of the strong unconventional bulk DMI in centrosymmetric,composition-uniform magnetic single layers provides fundamental building blocks for the emerging field of spintronics and will stimulate the exploitation of unconventional spin-orbit phenomena in a wide range of materials.

关键词： Brillouin light scattering Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction spin wave

Evaluation of hand infections in the emergency department using point-of-care ultrasound

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2024年第4期15卷 283-288页

作者： david Ahmad Haidar david Mintz Brandon M Wubben Omar Rizvi Srikar Adhikari Department of Emergency Medicine Michigan MedicineAnn Arbor 48109-1382USA University of Arizona College of Medicine Tucson 85724USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of IowaIowa City 52242-1009USA Department of Surgery University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA Department of Emergency Medicine University of Arizona College of MedicineTucson 85724USA

BACKGROUND:We aimed to evaluate the utility of point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS)in the assessment of hand infections that present to the emergency department(ED)and its impact on medical decision making and patient ***:We conducted a retrospective review of patients who presented to two urban academic EDs with clinical presentations concerning for skin and soft tissue infections(SSTI)of the hand between December 2015 and December *** trained POCUS fellowship physicians reviewed an ED POCUS database for POCUS examinations of the *** then reviewed patients’electronic health records(EHR)for demographic characteristics,history,physical examination findings,ED course,additional imaging studies,consultations,impact of POCUS on patient care and final ***:We included a total of 50 cases(28 male,22 female)in the final *** most common presenting symptoms and exam findings were pain(100%),swelling(90%),and erythema(74%).The most common sonographic findings were edema(76%),soft tissue swelling(78%),and fluid surrounding the tendon(57%).POCUS was used in medical decision making 68%of the time(n=34),with the use of POCUS leading to changes in management 38%of the time(n=19).POCUS use led to early antibiotic use(11/19),early consultation(10/19),and led to the performance of a required procedure(8/19).The POCUS diagnosis was consistent with the discharge diagnosis of flexor tenosynovitis 8/12 times,abscess 12/16 times,and cellulitis 14/20 ***:POCUS is beneficial for evaluating of hand infections that present to the ED and can be used as an important part of medical decision making to expedite patient care.

关键词： Ultrasound Point-of-care ultrasound Cellulitis Abscess Flexor tenosynovitis

The role of N-glycosylation in cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第3期14卷 1098-1110页

作者： Yu Lin david M.Lubman Department of Surgery University of Michigan Medical CenterAnn ArborMI 48109USA

Despite advances in understanding the development and progression of cancer in recent years,there remains a lack of comprehensive characterization of the cancer *** play an important role in medicine and are involved in various human disease conditions including ***-moieties participate in fundamental cancer processes like cell signaling,invasion,angiogenesis,and *** N-glycosylation significantly impacts cancer processes and targeted therapies in ***,understanding N-glycosylation in a tumor is essential for comprehending disease progression and discovering anti-cancer targets and biomarkers for therapy monitoring and *** review presents the fundamental process of protein N-glycosylation and summarizes glycosylation changes in tumor cells,including increased terminal sialylation,N-glycan branching,and ***,the role of N-glycosylation in tumor signaling pathways,migration,and metabolism are *** and glycopeptides as potential biomarkers for early detection of cancer based on site specificity have been ***,understanding and exploring the cancer glycoproteome,along with its role in medicine,implication in cancer and other human diseases,highlights the significance of N-glycosylation in tumor processes,necessitating further research for potential anticancer targets and biomarkers.

关键词： N-Glycosylated proteins Cancer signaling Cancer angiogenesis Cancer metabolism Cancer biomarkers

Direct-to-indirect mapping for optimal low-thrust trajectories

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Astrodynamics 2024年第1期8卷 27-46页

作者： david Ottesen Ryan P.Russell Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics The University of Texas at AustinAustinTexas78712USA

Optimal,many-revolution spacecraft trajectories are challenging to solve.A connection is made for a class of models between optimal direct and indirect *** transfers that minimize thrust-acceleration-squared,primer vector theory maps direct,many-impulsive-maneuver trajectories to the indirect,continuous-thrust-acceleration *** mapping algorithm is independent of how the direct solution is obtained and requires only a solver for a boundary value problem and its partial derivatives.A Lambert solver is used for the two-body problem in this *** mapping is simple because the impulsive maneuvers and co-states share the same linear space around an optimal *** numerical results,the direct coast-impulse solutions are demonstrated to converge to the indirect continuous solutions as the number of impulses and segments *** two-body design space is explored with a set of three many-revolution,many-segment examples changing semimajor axis,eccentricity,and *** first two examples involve a small change to either semimajor axis or eccentricity,and the third example is a transfer to geosynchronous *** a single processor,the optimization runtime is seconds to minutes for revolution counts of 10 to 100,and on the order of one hour for examples with up to 500 *** of these thrust-acceleration-squared solutions are good candidates to start a homotopy to a higher-fidelity minimization problem with practical constraints.

关键词： direct optimization indirect optimization impulsive maneuvers Lambert's problem two-body dynamics primer vectortheory

为规范处方行为开个处方——一些医学生并不具备熟练开处方的能力

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英国医学杂志中文版 2007年第1期10卷 5-6页

作者： Jeffrey K Aronson Graeme Henderson david J webb Michael D Rawlins 肖月（译） British Pharmacological Society London EC1V 2SC Chairman of the committee of heads and professors of clinical pharmacology Wolfson Unit of Clinical Pharmacology University of NewcastleNewcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH 不详

每年的这个时候，新分配来的医生上岗了，老的担心又出现了——他们受过良好的培训了吗？特别令人担忧的是：他们在临床药物治疗和开处方方面是否受过合格的培训？我们认为培训未必合格。

关键词：处方行为医学生能力药物治疗新分配培训

Exercise immunology:Novel insights

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第3期13卷 277-279,I0001页

作者： david C.Nieman Human Performance Laboratory Appalachian State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNC 28081USA

The coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)pandemic heightened worldwide attention on the influence of exercise on the immune *** were raised about whether regular moderate-to-vigorous physical activity(MVPA)could help prevent COVID-19 or mitigate symptoms when *** MVPA bolster immunity among those most prone to COVID-19 including the elderly,obese,and immunocompromised patients?Does regular MVPA dampen systemic inflammation,thereby lessening the COVID-19 cytokine storm?

关键词： immunity inflammation thereby

Blast waveform tailoring using controlled venting in blast simulators and shock tubes

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第7期37卷 14-26页

作者： Edward Chern Jinn Gan Alex Remennikov david Ritzel Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia Dyn-FX Consulting Ltd 19 Laird Ave NorthAmherstburgONN9V 2T5Canada

A critical challenge of any blast simulation facility is in producing the widest possible pressure-impulse range for matching against equivalent high-explosive *** tubes and blast simulators are often constrained with the lack of effective ways to control blast wave profiles and as a result have a limited performance *** wave shaping techniques employed in some facilities are reviewed but often necessitate extensive geometric modifications,inadvertently cause flow anomalies,and/or are only applicable under very specific *** paper investigates controlled venting as an expedient way for waveforms to be tuned without requiring extensive modifications to the driver or existing geometry and could be widely applied by existing and future blast simulation and shock tube *** use of controlled venting is demonstrated experimentally using the Advanced Blast Simulator(shock tube)at the Australian National Facility of Physical Blast Simulation and via numerical flow simulations with Computational Fluid *** venting is determined as an effective method for mitigating the impact of re-reflected waves within the blast *** control method also allows for the adjustment of parameters such as tuning the peak overpressure,the positive phase duration,and modifying the magnitude of the negative phase and the secondary shock of the blast *** paper is concluded with an illustration of the potential expanded performance range of the Australian blast simulation facility when controlled venting for blast waveform tailoring as presented in this paper is applied.

关键词： Advanced blast simulator Shock wave propagation Far-field explosion Blast loads Blast waves Computational fluid dynamics

Enhanced Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion for rocks exposed to chemical corrosion

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2024年第5期34卷 609-630页

作者： Hao Li Leo Pel Zhenjiang You david Smeulders Department of Mechanical Engineering Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Department of Applied Physics Eindhoven University of TechnologyEindhoven 5600 MBthe Netherlands Center for Sustainable Energy and Resources School of EngineeringEdith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Chemical Engineering The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia Gas and Energy Transition Research Centre The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLD 4072Australia

Underground constructions often encounter water environments,where water–rock interaction can increase porosity,thereby weakening engineering ***,the failure criterion for chemically corroded rocks becomes essential in the stability analysis and design of such *** study enhances the applicability of the Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion for engineering structures operating in chemically corrosive conditions by introducing a kinetic porosity-dependent instantaneous mi(KPIM).A multiscale experimental investigation,including nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),pH and ion chromatography analysis,and triaxial compression tests,is employed to quantify pore structural changes and their linkage with the strength responses of limestone under coupled chemical-mechanical(C-M)*** employing ion chromatography and NMR analysis,along with incorporating the principles of free-face dissolution theory accounting for both congruent and incongruent dissolution,a kinetic chemical corrosion model is *** model aims to calculate the kinetic porosity alterations within rocks exposed to varying H+concentrations and ***,utilizing the generalized mixture rule(GMR),the kinetic porositydependent mi is *** of the KPIM-enhanced H-B criterion using compression test data from 5 types of rocks demonstrated a high level of consistency between the criterion and the experimental results,with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.96,a mean absolute percentage error less than 4.84%,and a root-mean-square deviation less than 5.95 ***,the physical significance of the porosity-dependent instantaneous mi is clarified:it serves as an indicator of a rock’s capacity to leverage the confining pressure effect.

关键词： Hoek-Brown(H-B)criterion Instantaneous mi Kinetic porosity-dependency Chemical corrosion Compressive strength

Role of climatic variability in shaping intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in Mediterranean water beetles

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Insect Science 2024年第1期31卷 285-298页

作者： Susana Pallarés david Garoffolo Belén Rodríguez david Sánchez-Fernández Department of Zoology University of SevilleSevilleSpain Faculty of Biology Department of Ecology and HydrologyUniversity of MurciaCampus EspinardoMurciaSpain

The climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)predicts that organisms in more thermally variable environments have wider thermal breadths and higher thermal plasticity than those from more stable ***,due to evolutionary trade-offs,taxa with greater absolute thermal limits may have little plasticity of such limits(trade-off hypothesis).The CVH assumes that climatic variability is the ultimate driver of thermal tolerance variation across latitudinal and altitudinal gradients,but average temperature also varies along such *** explored intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance in three typical Mediterranean saline water beetles(families Hydrophilidae and Dytiscidae).For each species,we compared two populations where the species coexist,with similar annual mean temperature but contrasting thermal variability(continental *** population).We estimated thermal limits of adults from each population,previously acclimated at 17,20,or 25℃.We found species-specific patterns but overall,our results agree with the CVH regarding thermal ranges,which were wider in the continental(more variable)*** the two hydrophilid species,this came at the cost of losing plasticity of the upper thermal limit in this population,supporting the trade-off hypothesis,but not in the dytiscid *** results support the role of local adaptation to thermal variability and trade-offs between basal tolerance and physiological plasticity in shaping thermal tolerance in aquatic ectotherms,but also suggest that intraspecific variation of thermal tolerance does not fit a general pattern among aquatic *** such intraspecific variation could lead to inaccurate predictions of the vulnerability of aquatic insects to global warming.

关键词： acclimation capacity aquatic insects climate change heat coma temperature supercooling point thermal plasticity

Bed inventory balance and stability of dual circulating fluidized bed systems

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Particuology 2024年第1期84卷 98-106页

作者： Yangjun Wei Leming Cheng david Pallares Bo Leckner Institute for Thermal Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy UtilizationZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China Department of Space Earth and EnvironmentChalmers University of TechnologyS-41296GöteborgSweden

Experiments and modelling are conducted for general understanding on the imbalance phenomenon and for discussion on the strategies to improve the bed inventory balance and stability of a dual circulating fluidized bed(DCFB)*** experiments are carried out in a 15.5 m high pilot-scale DCFB cold test system.A fluid-dynamic DCFB model is developed based on a 1.5-dimensional semi-empirical model of an industrial CFB boiler,validated by experimental *** effects of control methods and operation conditions on the bed inventory balance and on the stability of the pilot-and large-scale DCFB systems are discussed.A"stable-unbalanced"state,where the system reaches a steady state,consisting of un-balanced bed inventories,is observed in both experiments and model *** maintain a balanced state and similar bed inventory in the DCFB systems with similar cross-sectional areas,it is recom-mended to keep similar total pressure drops or gas velocities in both reactors.

关键词： Bed inventory balance Stability Dual circulating fluidized bed(DCFB) Experiment Modelling