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Dislocation Creep Accommodated by Grain Boundary Sliding in Dunite

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Journal of Earth Science 2010年第5期21卷 541-554页

作者： Yonghong Zhao david L Kohlstedt School of Earth and Space Sciences Peking University Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota

To investigate the role of grain boundary sliding during dislocation creep of dunite, a series of deformation experiments were carried out under anhydrous conditions on fine-grained （-15 μm） samples synthesized from powdered San Carlos olivine and powdered San Carlos olivine＋1.5 vol.% MORB. Triaxial compressive creep tests were conducted at a temperature of 1 473 K and confining pressures of 200 and 400 MPa using a high-resolution, gas-medium deformation apparatus. Each sample was deformed at several levels of differential stress between 100 and 250 MPa to yield strain rates in the range of 10^-6 to 10^-4 s^-1. Under these conditions, the dominant creep mechanism involves the motion of dislocations, largely on the easy slip system （010）[100], accommodated by grain boundary sliding （gbs）. This grain size-sensitive creep regime is characterized by a stress exponent of n=3.4±0.2 and a grain size exponent of p=2.0±0.2. The activation volume for this gbs-accommodated dislocation creep regime is v＊=（26±3）×10^-6 m2·mol^-1. Comparison of our flow law for gbs-accommodated dislocation creep with those for diffusion creep and for dislocation creep reveals that the present flow law is important for the flow of mantle rocks with grain sizes of 〈100μm at differential stresses 〉20 MPa. Hence, gbs-accommodated dislocation creep is likely to be an important deformation mechanism in deep-rooted, highly localized shear zones in the lithospheric upper mantle.

关键词： grain boundary sliding creep olivine flow law.

Nationwide retrospective study of hepatitis B virological response and liver stiffness improvement in 465 patients on nucleos(t)ide analogue

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第31期28卷 4390-4398页

作者： Alnoor Ramji Karen Doucette Curtis Cooper Gerald Yosel Minuk Mang Ma Alexander Wong david Wong Edward Tam Brian Conway david Truong Philip Wong Lisa Barrett Hin Hin Ko Sarah Haylock-Jacobs Nishi Patel Gilaad G Kaplan Scott Fung Carla S Coffin Department of Medicine University of British ColumbiaVancouver v6t 1z3Canada Department of Medicine University of AlbertaEdmonton t6g 2r7Canada Department of Medicine The Ottawa Hospital Research InstituteUniversity of OttawaOttawa ON K1H 8L6Canada Department of Medicine University of ManitobaWinnipeg r3e 3j7Canada Department of Medicine University of SaskatchewanSaskatoon s7n 5e5Canada Department of Medicine University Health NetworkToronto m5g 2c4Canada Pacific Gastroenterology Associates Vancouver v6z 2k5Canada vancouver Infectious Disease Centre Vancouver v6z 2c7Canada Department of Medicine McGill UniversityMontreal h3a 0g4Canada Department of Microbiology and Immunology Dalhousie UniversityHalifax b3h 4r2Canada Cumming School of Medicine University of CalgaryCalgary t2n 1n4Canada

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBv)nucleos(t)ide analog(NA)therapy reduces liver disease but requires prolonged therapy to achieve hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)*** is limited North American real-world data using non-invasive tools for fibrosis assessment and few have compared 1st generation NA or lamivudine(LAM)to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF).AIM To assess impact of NA on virological response and fibrosis regression using liver stiffness measurement(LSM)(i.e.,FibroScan®).METHODS Retrospective,observational cohort study from the Canadian HBv *** collected included demographics,NA,HBv DNA,alanine aminotransferase(ALT),and *** were HBv monoinfected patients,treatment naïve,and received 1 NA with minimum 1 year *** In 465(median 49 years,37%female,35%hepatitis B e antigen+at baseline,84%Asian,6%White,and 9%Black).Percentage of 64(n=299)received TDF and 166 were LAM-treated with similar median duration of 3.9 and 3.7 years,*** mean baseline LSM was 11.2 kPa(TDF)vs 8.3 kPa(LAM)(P=0.003).At 5-year follow-up,the mean LSM was 7.0 kPa in TDF vs 6.7 kPa in LAM(P=0.83).There was a significant difference in fibrosis regression between groups(i.e.,mean-4.2 kPa change in TDF and-1.6 kPa in LAM,Pvailable data on treatment showed that all had normal ALT,but more TDF patients were virologically suppressed(vs LAM-treated(n=35/58,60%)(Pves liver fibrosis regression rarely leads to HBsAg loss.

关键词： Nucleos(t)ide analog therapy Functional cure Hepatitis B virus surface antigen loss Fibrosis regression Liver stiffness measurement Transient elastography

Corneal astigmatic outcomes after femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery combined with surface penetrating arcuate keratotomies

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第7期16卷 1084-1092页

作者： Nick Stanojcic david O’Brart Chris Hull vijay Wagh Elodie Azan Mani Bhogal Scott Robbie Ji-Peng Olivia Li Department of Ophthalmology Guy’s and St.Thomas’NHS Foundation TrustLondon SE17EHUK Centre for Applied vision Research School of Health SciencesUniversity of LondonLondon EC1V 0HBUK King’s College London London WC2R 2LSUK

AIM:To evaluate corneal astigmatic outcomes of femtosecond laser-assisted arcuate keratotomies(FAKs)combined with femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery(FLACS)over 12mo ***:Totally 145 patients with bilateral cataracts and no ocular co-morbidities were recruited to a singlecentre,single-masked,prospective randomized controlled trial(RCT)comparing two monofocal hydrophobic acrylic intraocular *** with corneal astigmatism(CA)of>0.8 dioptres(D)received unpaired,unopened,surface penetrating FAKs at the time of *** acuity,subjective refraction and Scheimpflug tomography were recorded at 1,6,and *** vectoral analyses were ***:Fifty-one patients(61 eyes),mean age 68.2±9.6y[standard deviation(SD)],received *** eyes were available for analysis,except at 12mo when 59 *** were no complications due to *** pre-operative CA was 1.13±0.20 *** was a reduction of astigmatism at all post-operative visits(residual CA 1mo:0.85±0.42 D,P=0.0001;6mo:0.86±0.35 D,P=0001;and 12mo:0.90±0.39,P=0.0001).Alpins indices remained stable over ***,the cohort was under-corrected at all time *** 12mo,61%of eyes were within±15 degrees of pre-operative astigmatic ***:Unpaired unopened penetrating FAKs combined with on-axis phacoemulsification are safe but minimally *** is largely under-corrected in this cohort using an existing unmodified *** effect of arcuate keratotomies on CA remained stable over 12mo.

关键词： femtosecond cataract surgery astigmatic keratotomy laser cataract surgery femtosecond-laser assisted cataract surgery arcuate keratotomy

Immunophenotyping identifies distinct cellular signatures for systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis

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Rheumatology & Autoimmunity 2023年第1期3卷 15-25页

作者： Yi Tong v.Aw Phillip J.Whiley Ayla May Lorenzo Tom Lea-Henry Somasundhari Shanmuganandam Maurice Stanley Sonia N.Babu vicki Athanasopoulos Jean Cappello Julia I.Ellyard Matthew Cook Carola vinuesa Giles Walters david A.Fulcher Simon H.Jiang Division of Medicine The Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia The Australian National University Medical School GarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of General Surgery The Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease John Curtin School of Medical ResearchGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Centre for Personalized Immunology NHMRC Centre for Research ExcellenceCanberraAustralia Department of Renal Medicine The Canberra HospitalGarranAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia Department of Immunology The Canberra HospitalCanberraAustralian Capital TerritoryAustralia

Background:Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a complex systemic autoimmune disease characterized by development of autoantibodies and multiorgan *** involvement,termed lupus nephritis,has major impact on life *** is increasingly recognized that SLE is likely a common clinical manifestation of pathophysiologically diverse processes,and lupus nephritis has similarly been associated with several distinct immunological *** compared the immune cell phenotypes of individuals with SLE in the presence or absence of ***:Cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells from SLE patients with and without kidney involvement underwent flow cytometric analysis to identify major populations in T cells,B cells and myeloid ***:We compared the frequencies of lymphocyte populations in 69 SLE patients without nephritis,20 SLE patients with nephritis,and 92 healthy blood *** with SLE and lupus nephritis(LN)had reduced marginal zone B cells(Pve distinct immunologic differences that may reflect the unique pathophysiological processes contributing to disease manifestations.

关键词： immunoprofiling lupus nephritis systemic lupus erythematosus

Computational approaches to understanding protein aggregation in neurodegeneration

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Journal of Molecular Cell Biology 2014年第2期8卷 104-115页

作者： Rachel L. Redler david Shirvanyants Onur Dagliyan Feng Ding Doo Nam Kim Pradeep Kota Elizabeth A. Proctor Srinivas Ramachandran Arpit Tandon Nikolay v. Dokholyan Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Program in Cellular and Molecular Biophysics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Curriculum in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill NC USA Center for Computational and Systems Biology University of NorthCarolina at Chapel Hill chapel Hill NC USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Ctemson University Ctemson SC USA Cellular Growth Mechanisms Section Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Signaling Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research Frederick MD USA Division of Basic Sciences Fred Hutchison Cancer Research Center Seatt{e WA USA

有毒的外国人蛋白质 conformers 的产生作为一个统一线程出现在象 Alzheimer'sdisease， Parkinson 的疾病，和 amyotrophic 那样的混乱之中侧面的硬化。关于动态变化的原子水平的详细那 facilitateprotein 聚集，以及大规模订的总数和... 详细信息

有毒的外国人蛋白质 conformers 的产生作为一个统一线程出现在象 Alzheimer'sdisease， Parkinson 的疾病，和 amyotrophic 那样的混乱之中侧面的硬化。关于动态变化的原子水平的详细那 facilitateprotein 聚集，以及大规模订的总数和可溶的外国人 oligomers 的结构的特征，将为细胞毒素的种类的 inhibitingformation 显著地作出贡献到这些复杂现象和提议潜力策略的当前的理解。然而，试验性的限制经常预防高分辨率的 structuraland 的获得为聚集系统的机械学的信息。计算方法，特别地，那些联合所有原子和 coarse-grainedsimulations 盖住大量时间和长度规模，因此为调查 proteinaggregation 作为关键工具出现了。这里，我们为蛋白质的学习考察计算方法论的当前的状态自己组装，与向在人的 neurodegenerative 混乱的蛋白质总数的理解的这些方法的申请上的 afocus。

关键词：神经退行性疾病蛋白聚集计算天然蛋白质阿尔茨海默氏病有序聚集体变性结构特征

Advances in endovascular aneurysm management: flow modulation techniques with braided mesh devices

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Stroke & vascular Neurology 2020年第1期5卷 1-13页

作者： Jessica K Campos Barry Cheaney II Brian v Lien david A Zarrin Chau D vo Geoffrey P Colby Li-Mei Lin Alexander L Coon Department of Neurosurgery University of California Irvine School of MedicineOrangeCaliforniaUSA Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine PortlandOregonUSA Neurosurgery Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine BaltimoreMarylandUSA UCLA Neurosurgery Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical CenterLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA Carondelet Neurological Institute St.Joseph's HospitalCarondelet Health NetworkTucsonArizonaUnited States

Flow diverters and flow disruption technology,alongside nuanced endovascular techniques,have ushered in a new era of treating cerebral ***,we provide an overview of the latest flow modulation devices and highlight the... 详细信息

关键词： flow braided hered

Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2023年第11期8卷 5233-5269页

作者： Alexei verkhratsky Arthur Butt Baoman Li Peter Illes Robert Zorec Alexey Semyanov Yong Tang Michael v.Sofroniew International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengduChina Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology School of Forensic MedicineChina Medical UniversityShenyangChina Faculty of Biology Medicine and HealthThe University of ManchesterManchesterUK Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience IKERBASQUEBasque Foundation for ScienceBilbaoSpain Department of Stem Cell Biology State Research Institute Centre for Innovative MedicineLT-01102VilniusLithuania Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy and Biomedical SciencesUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Leipzig04109LeipzigGermany Celica Biomedical Lab Cell EngineeringTechnology Park1000LjubljanaSlovenia Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology Institute of PathophysiologyUniversity of LjubljanaFaculty of MedicineLjubljanaSlovenia Department of Physiology Jiaxing University College of Medicine314033JiaxingChina Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease(Chengdu University of TCM) Ministry of Education/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceChengduChina Department of Neurobiology David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA

Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system(CNS).Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder *** changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of *** respond to external,non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure,molecular expression,and *** addition,internally driven,cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS *** pathophysiology is complex,with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder,disorder-stage,comorbidities,age,and ***,we classify astroglial pathophysiology into(i)reactive astrogliosis,(ii)astroglial atrophy with loss of function,(iii)astroglial degeneration and death,and(iv)astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive *** review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders,including neurotrauma,stroke,neuroinfection,autoimmune attack and epilepsy,as well as neurodevelopmental,neurodegenerative,metabolic and neuropsychiatric *** cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies.

关键词： diseases epilepsy degeneration

Rethinking elective colectomy for diverticulitis: A strategic approach to population health

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16609-16614页

作者： vlad v Simianu david R Flum Department of Surgery Surgical Outcomes Research Center UW Medical Center University of Washington

Diverticulitis is one of the leading indications for elective colon resection. Surgeons are trained to offer elective operations after a few episodes of diverticulitis in order to prevent future recurrences and potential emergency. However, most emergency surgery happens during the initial presentation. After recovery from an episode, much of the subsequent management of diverticulitis occurs in the outpatient setting, rendering inpatient "episode counting" a poor measure of the severity or burden of disease. Evidence also suggests that the risk of recurrence of diverticulitis is small and similar with or without an operation. Accordingly, contemporary evaluations of the epidemiologic patterns of treatments for diverticulitis have failed to demonstrate that the substantial rise in elective surgery over the last few decades has been successful at preventing emergency surgery at a population level. Multiple professional societies are calling to "individualize" decisions for elective colectomy and there is an international focus on "appropriate" indications for surgery. The rethinking of elective colectomy should come from a patient-centered approach that considers the risks of recurrence, quality of life, patient wishes and experiences about surgical and medical treatment options as well as operative morbidity and risks.

关键词： Diverticulitis Colectomy Colostomy Indica-tions El

A Simple Method of Managing the Alveolar Antral Artery during Sinus Lift Surgery

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2021年第3期10卷 131-146页

作者： david H. Yang Nathan v. Lee Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery British Columbia Cancer Agency Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology Faculty of Dentistry University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada

The alveolar antral artery resides lateral to the maxillary sinus and can lead to complications in sinus lift surgery. Traditional approaches that decrease intraoperative bleeding into the surgical field include vessel preservation using multiple bony windows or neutralizing the vessel at the surgical site. Unfortunately, these methods are technique sensitive, time intensive, and may lead to hemosinus and graft loss. The variable distance from the crest of the alveolar ridge and vessel diameter further complicates pre-operative planning. This paper discusses the anatomical features of the alveolar antral artery, techniques for clinical assessment, and current management strategies. We then describe a novel protocol to manage the alveolar antral artery in sinus lift procedures via tamponade of the vessel at a proximal site. This method is faster than those described in the literature, does not require any additional equipment or expertise, and aims to improve long-term graft predictability by decreasing the risk of sinus membrane perforation. The alveolar antral artery is an under-reported source of surgical complications and warrants further research.

关键词： Alveolar Antral Artery Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Dental Implants Sinus Lift Maxillary Sinus Membrane Bone Graft