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Outlook:Sorghum as a feed grain for Australian chicken-meat production

Animal Nutrition 2018年第1期4卷 17-30页

作者： Peter H.Selle Amy F.Moss Ha H.Truong Ali Khoddami david J.Cadogan Ian D.Godwin Sonia Y.Liu Poultry Research Foundation The University of Sydney Sydney Institute of Agriculture Faculty of ScienceThe University of Sydney Feedworks School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland

This review is an outlook for sorghum as a feed grain for broiler chickens based on a survey of relevant stake-holders and recent research *** grain sorghum production will probably continue to generate a harvest in the order of 2.5×10~6t of which some 7.9×10~5t will be used as a feed grain for poultry and *** grains are included primarily to provide energy from starch,but energy utilisation by broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets is relatively inferior,because of incomplete starch ***,the dominant protein fraction,‘non-tannin’phenolic compounds and phytate are 3‘starch extrinsic’factors in sorghum that compromise starch digestibility and energy utilisation in broiler chickens offered sorghum-based *** concentrations in 6 sorghum varieties were negatively correlated with metabolizable energy to gross energy(ME:GE)ratios(r=0.891;P<0.02)or the efficiency of energy utilisation in broiler ***,kafirin proportions of sorghum protein may be increasing with time in *** so,this represents a fundamental challenge to sorghum breeders which presumably could be met by the development of sorghum varieties with different characteristics,especially in relation to the g-and b-kafirin *** sorghum varieties contain lower polyphenol concentrations which should be advantageous as concentrations of total phenolic compounds were negatively correlated to ME:GE ratios(r=0.838;P<0.04)in 6 sorghum *** would be desirable if more white varieties were to become *** is suggested that responses to exogenous phytase in birds offered sorghum-based diets would be more robust if sorghum were to contain lower concentrations of kafirin and phenolic ***,while better sorghum varieties almost certainly could be developed,it may not necessarily follow that they will command a price premium from poultry and pig producers.

关键词： Kafirin Phenolic compounds Phytate Poultry Sorghum Starch

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中国的新经济精英:家庭历史和社会变迁

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西北师大学报（社会科学版） 2016年第2期53卷 5-17页

作者：古德曼西交利物浦大学中国研究系江苏苏州215123 南京大学社会学院江苏南京210093

有关中国自1978年以来出现的新经济精英的研究总是把政治和经济因素当作最为关键的因素,学界很少有人关注经济精英的社会关系,尤其是家庭背景对于他们创业活动的决定性影响。为了探索家庭因素对新经济精英的影响,通过在昆明、兰州、南... 详细信息

有关中国自1978年以来出现的新经济精英的研究总是把政治和经济因素当作最为关键的因素,学界很少有人关注经济精英的社会关系,尤其是家庭背景对于他们创业活动的决定性影响。为了探索家庭因素对新经济精英的影响,通过在昆明、兰州、南京、青岛、太原和中山等地进行的调查,访谈当代企业家在1979年(一般为父母)和1949年(通常为祖父母)的家庭背景,初步的调查结果表明:2009年出现的经济精英,其家庭背景的重要性需要追溯到1949年之前,这些精英的出现在很大程度上要归因于他们在党政机关中工作的父母或者1949年以前处于统治阶层的祖父母,其家庭背景对于这些精英的个人行为及性格的形成都具有极其重要的影响。

关键词：市场转型新经济精英家庭背景家庭历史社会变迁

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Dual neuronal response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha following spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第12期5卷 917-926页

作者： Lingyi ChiO Jin YuO Hong ZhuO Xingang Li Shugan Zhu Zhenzhong Li L. Creed PetticlrewO david GrassO James J. HickmanO Mark S. KindyO Department of Neurosurgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Laboratory of Neurosurgery Qilu Hospital of Shandong University Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Department of Neurosciences Medical University of South Carolina Charleston 29425 South Carolina USA Department of Anatomy Shandong University School of Medicine Jinan 250012 Shandong Province China Stroke Program Sanders-Brown Center on Aging University of Kentucky College of Medicine Lexington Kentucky Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center Lexington 40536 Kentucky USA Xenogen Corporation 5 Cedar Brook Drive Cranbury 08512 New Jersey USA NanoScience Technology Center University of Florida Orlando 32826 Florida USA Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center Charleston 29401 South Carolina USA

BACKGROUND： Numerous studies have shown that tumor necrosis factor α （TNF-α） is closely correlated with spinal cord injury （SCI）, but the mechanisms of TNF-α and therapeutic treatments for SCI are still poorly understood. OBJECTIVE： To determine the role of TNF-α in the pathogenesis of SCI. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： An in vivo experiment based on genetically engineered animals was performed at the Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA, between June 2007 and October 2008. MATERIALS： TNF-α transgenic rats （Xenogen Biosciences in Cranbury, New Jersey, USA） were utilized in this study. METHODS： TNF-α transgenic （tg） and wild-type （WT） rats underwent a complete single-level laminectomy at the 10^th thoracic vertebra （T10）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Motor function of rat hindlimb was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan hindlimb locomotor rating scale. Histological evaluation of spinal cord tissue loss was conducted. Immunohistochemistry for astrocytes, microglia/macrophages, and TNF receptors （TNFRs） was performed on spinal cord tissue sections. TNF-α mRNA expression was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The concentrations of nerve growth factor （NGF） and brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF） in the supernatant were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit for rat NGF or BDNF, respectively. The rats were injected subcutaneously with etanercept to verify that TNF-α was the direct effect of the modulation of behavioral and neurodegenerative outcomes in the TNF-α tg rats. RESULTS： TNF-α tg rats showed higher expression of TNF-α mRNA in the spinal cord prior to SCI. TNF-α tg rats showed worse motor deficits than WT rats in the acute period （〈 3 days） after SCI （P 〈 0.01）, while in the chronic period, TNF-α tg rats exhibited persistent elevated baseline levels of TNF-α mRNA and improved recovery in motor function and tissue healing compared to WT rats （P 〈 0.01 ）. Following SCI, the number of microgli

关键词： spinal cord injury tumor necrosis factor-α rats inflammation motor function astrocytes microglia nerve growth factor brain-derived neurotrophic factors

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Prevention of beta cell death in chronic pancreatitis

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2012年第6期3卷 782-787页

作者： Huansheng Dong Katherine A Morgan david B Adams Hongjun Wang Department of Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC wangho@musc.edu

Chronic pancreatitis is best described as a relentless, continuous inflammatory destruction of the pancreas parenchyma, characterized by irreversible destruction of the exocrine tissues, fibrosis, and at the late stage, the destruction of endocrine cells. Current therapies for chronic pancreatitis patients focus on pain relief by medical and minimally invasive endoscopic treatment as well as surgical management with resection of diseased parenchyma and drainage of obstructed ducts. Radical treatment of chronic pancreatitis has been successful with total pancreatictomy and islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT) that may prevent maladaptive intractable pain pathways and also avoid pancreatogenic diabetes in the well-selected patient. Distinct loss of pancreatic islet cells occurs in about 30%-50% of patients during the progression of chronic pancreatitis when severe fibrosis develops at the late stage of the disease. Profound β cell apoptosis induced by stresses encountered during islet isolation and transplantation further compromises β cell survival and function after TP-IAT. The molecular mechanisms that lead to β cell dysfunction in chronic pancreatitis remain largely undelineated. In this review, we summarize factors that may contribute β cell apoptosis during the disease progress and after TP-IAT and discuss potential interventional approaches that may prevent islet cell death during these processes. Such information is critical to the development of therapeutic protocols that can preserve the viability and function of β cell in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

关键词： Chronic Pancreatitis Islet Autotransplantation Beta Cell Apoptosis Protective Gene

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Secondary malignancy estimation in patients after mastectomy and adjuvant therapy

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2018年第1期4卷 620-627页

作者： Oludare Folajimi Adeyemi Okhuomaruyi david Osahon Enosakhare Godwin Okungbowa Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology University of Benin Teaching HospitalBenin City 234Nigeria Department of Physics University of BeninBenin City 234Nigeria Department of Radiography and Radiation Science University of BeninBenin City 234Nigeria

Aim:Secondary malignancy estimation after radiotherapy of post mastectomy patients is becoming an important subject for comparative treatment *** data from modern treatment planning systems provide accurate three-dimensional dose distributions for each individual patients,thereby opening up new possibilities for more precise estimates of secondary cancer incidence rates in the irradiated ***:This study estimates the probability of secondary malignancy using radiobiological model for post mastectomy patients in a low-resource center,*** secondary cancer complication probability(SCCP)was computed for linear,linear-exponent and linear-plateau ***:The result shows that comparing the three models the mean SCCP for the contralateral breast ranged between 0.41%-0.93%;for the lung(0.34%-5.93%);while for the chest wall is between 0.65%-31.95%.Also,the result showed that based on the differential dose volume histogram,the SCCP in the chest wall is highest compared to the lung and contralateral breast;while the linear model overestimate the risk of secondary malignancy,the linear-exponent and the linear plateaus gave values not outrageously ***:The models in this study have shown that the risk of secondary malignancy in these post mastectomy patients is low.

关键词： Probability radiobiological model complication malignancy

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Consensus for prevention and management of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) for neurologists

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2020年第2期5卷 146-151页

作者： Huijuan Jin Candong Hong Shengcai Chen Yifan Zhou Yong Wang Ling Mao Yanan Li Quanwei He Man Li Ying Su david Wang Longde Wang Bo Hu Department of Neurology Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubeiChina Neurovascular Division Department of NeurologyBarrow Neurological Institute/Saint Joseph Hospital Medical CenterPhoenixAZUSA Stroke Prevention and Control Steering Committee National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of ChinaBeijingChina

Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID‐19)has become a pandemic disease *** COVID-19 directly invades lungs,it also involves the nervous ***,patients with nervous system involvement as the presenting symptoms in the early stage of infection may easily be misdiagnosed and their treatment *** become silent contagious sources or‘virus spreaders’.In order to help neurologists to better understand the occurrence,development and prognosis,we have developed this consensus of prevention and management of COVID‐*** can also assist other healthcare providers to be familiar with and recognise COVID-19 in their evaluation of patients in the clinic and hospital environment.

关键词： prevention involvement prognosis

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Cryopreservation for delayed circulating tumor cell isolation is a valid strategy for prognostic association of circulating tumor cells in gastroesophageal cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第7期24卷 810-818页

作者： Daniel Brungs david Lynch Alison WS Luk Elahe Minaei Marie Ranson Morteza Aghmesheh Kara L Vine Martin Carolan Mouhannad Jaber Paul de Souza Therese M Becker Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute University of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia School of Biological Sciences University of WollongongWollongong 2500Australia Illawarra Cancer Centre Wollongong HospitalWollongong 2500Australia CONCERT-Translational Cancer Research Centre New South Wales 2000Australia Centre for Circulating Tumor Cell Diagnostics and Research Ingham Institute for Applied Medical ResearchLiverpool HospitalSydney 2170Australia School of Medicine University of Western SydneySydney 2170Australia South Western Medical School University of New South WalesSydney 2170Australia

AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) for prognostic circulating tumor cell(CTC) detection in gastroesophageal *** Using 7.5 m L blood samples collected in EDTA tubes from patients with gastroesopheagal adenocarcinoma, CTCs were isolated by epithelial cell adhesion molecule based immunomagnetic capture using the Iso Flux platform. Paired specimens taken during the same blood draw(n = 15) were used to compare number of CTCs isolated from fresh and cryopreserved PBMCs. Blood samples were processed within 24 h to recover the PBMC fraction, with PBMCs used for fresh analysis immediately processed for CTC isolation. Cryopreservation of PBMCs lasted from 2 wk to 25.2 mo(median 14.6 mo). CTCs isolated from pre-treatment cryopreserved PBMCs(n = 43) were examined for associations with clinicopathological variables and survival *** While there was a significant trend to a decrease in CTC numbers associated with cryopreserved specimens(mean number of CTCs 34.4 vs 51.5, P = 0.04), this was predominately in samples with a total CTC count of > 50, with low CTC count samples less affected(P = 0.06). There was no significant association between the duration of cryopreservation and number of CTCs. In cryopreserved PBMCs from patient samples prior to treatment, a high CTC count(> 17) was associated with poorer overall survival(OS)(n = 43, HR = 4.4, 95%CI: 1.7-11.7, P = 0.0013). In multivariate analysis, after controlling for sex, age, stage, ECOG performance status, and primary tumor location, a high CTC count remained significantly associated with a poorer OS(HR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.2-12.4, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION PBMC cryopreservation for delayed CTC isolation is a valid strategy to assist with sample collection, transporting and processing.

关键词： Cryopreservation Circulating tumor cells Liquid biopsy Gastroesophageal cancer Gastric cancer

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Abdominal obesity adversely affects bone mass in children

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2018年第1期7卷 43-48页

作者： Sowmya Krishnan Michael P Anderson david A Fields Madhusmita Misra Department of Pediatrics University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Harold Hamm Diabetes Center College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Science Center Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Harvard Medical School

AIM To determine the effect of childhood obesity and insulin resistance on bone health. METHODS We conducted a cross sectional study in pubertal adolescents and young adults 13-20 years old who were either overweight/obese or normal weight. Participants were Tanner 3 or above for pubertal stage, and had fasting blood work done to measure glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein and lipid levels. Homeostatic model of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) was calculated using the formula(Fasting Blood Glucose *Insulin/405). Body composition and bone mineral density were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA; Hologic QDR 4500, Waltham, MA, United Kingdom). RESULTS Percent trunk fat was associated inversely with whole body bone mineral content(BMC), whereas HOMA-IR was associated positively with whole body *** Our results suggest that abdominal adiposity may have an adverse effect on whole body bone parameters and that this effect is not mediated by insulin resistance.

关键词： Obesity Bone mineral density Insulin resistance

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Past,present and future of cyanide antagonism research:From the early remedies to the current therapies

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World Journal of Methodology 2015年第2期5卷 88-100页

作者： Ilona Petrikovics Marianna Budai Kristof Kovacs david E Thompson Department of Chemistry Sam Houston State University Department of Pharmaceutics Semmelweis University

This paper reviews milestones in antidotal therapies for cyanide(CN) spanning early remedies,current antidotal systems and research towards next generation *** has been a part of plant defense mechanisms for millions of *** became industrially important in the nineteenth century with the advent of CN assisted gold mining and the use of CN as a pest control *** biochemical basis of CN poisoning was actively studied and key mechanisms were understood as early as *** fundamental studies led to a variety of antidotes,including indirect CN binders that generate methemoglobin,direct CN binders such as hydroxocobalamin,and sulfur donors that convert CN to the less toxic *** on blood gases at the end of the twentieth century shed new light on the role of nitric oxide(NO) in the *** discovery of NO's ability to compete with CN for enzymatic binding sites provided a previously missed explanation for the rapid efficacy of NO generating antidotes such as the *** used CN therapies include:methemoglobin/NO generators(e.g.,sodium nitrite,amyl nitrite,and dimethyl aminophenol),sulfur donors(e.g.,sodium thiosulfate and glutathione),and direct binding agents [(e.g.,hydroxocobalamin and dicobalt salt of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid(dicobalt edetate)].A strong effort is being made to explore novel antidotal systems and to formulate them for rapid administration at the point of intoxication in mass casualty *** antidotes,formulations,and delivery systems are enhancing bioavailability and efficacy and hold promise for a new generation of improved CN countermeasures.

关键词： Cyanide Hydrocyanic acid Antagonist Antidote Cobinamide Sulfanegen Sulfane sulfur donor

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Phylogenetic Position of North Sulawesi <i>Tarsius sp</i>. Based on Partial Cytochrome b Gene Sequences

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Open Journal of Genetics 2014年第4期4卷 332-341页

作者： Decky david Wemvrid Kamagi Aloysius Duran Corebima Mariana Rengkuan Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science State University of Manado Tondano Indonesia Faculty of Natural Science and Mathematic State University of Malang Malang Indonesia

Cyt b gene of North Sulawesi Tarsius sp., T. tumpara, T. sangirensis and T. tarsier (T. spectrum) had been partially sequenced. The homologous sequence of three groups had been compared to describe the phylogenetic position among them, as well as several other species accessed from the Genbank. Total DNA extracted from the muscular tissue had been obtained through tail cut sampling using the innuPREP DNA micro kit, and amplified using a pair of universal primer, L14841 and H15149. The size of the cyt b gene sequence amplified was 307 bp long. Sequence aligned using CLUSTAL-X program and diversity analysis were done using version 5.2.2. MEGA5 program. Genetic distance had been calculated by Tamura 3 parameter method and phylogenetic tree had been built using Neighbor-Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods. Genetic distance based on cyt b gene nucleotide was found from 0 to 0.240 with an average of 0.080. The phylogenetic tree constructed by Neighbor Joining and Maximum Likelihood methods indicated that T. tarsier, T. sangirensis and T. tumpara were closely related with Tarsius tarsier-complex, and distantly related with Cephalopachus bancanus and Carlito syrichta. The genetic distance and the phylogenetic tree had been constructed on the base of partial cyt b gene sequence of T. tarsier, T. sangirensis, T. tumpara and 5 other tarsier species and their accession. Those results are consistent with taxonomy based on morphology and vocal acoustic form.

关键词： Molecular Phylogeny Tarsius sp. Sulawesi Cyt b Gene Partial Sequence

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