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Energy and Exergy Analysis of a Vegetable Oil Refinery

Energy and Power Engineering 2012年第5期4卷 358-364页

作者： Musediq Adedoyin Sulaiman Abayomi Olufemi Oni david Abimbola Fadare Mechanical Engineering Department Olabisi Onabanjo University P.M.B. Ago-Iwoye Ogun-State Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department University of Agriculture Abeokuta Ogun state P.M.B. Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Department University of Ibadan P. M.B. Ibadan Oyo State Nigeria

Energy and exergy analysis was conducted for a vegetable oil refinery in the Southwest of Nigeria. The plant, powered by two boilers and a 500 kVA generator, refines 100 tonnes of crude palm kernel oil (CPKO) into edible vegetable oil per day. The production system consists of four main group operations: neutralizer, bleacher, filter, and deodourizer. The performance of the plant was evaluated by considering energy and exergy losses of each unit operation of the production process. The energy intensity for processing 100 tonnes of palm kennel oil into edible oil was estimated as 487.04 MJ/tonne with electrical energy accounting for 4.65%, thermal energy, 95.23% and manual energy, 0.12%. The most energy intensive group operation was the deodourizer accounting for 56.26% of the net energy input. The calculated exergy efficiency of the plant is 38.6% with a total exergy loss of 29919 MJ. Consequently, the exergy analysis revealed that the deodourizer is the most inefficient group operation accounting for 52.41% of the losses in the production processes. Furthermore, a critical look at the different component of the plant revealed that the boilers are the most inefficient units accounting for 69.7% of the overall losses. Other critical points of exergy losses of the plant were also identified. The increase in the total capacity of the plant was suggested in order to reduce the heating load of the boilers. Furthermore, the implementation of appropriate process heat integration can also help to improve the energy efficiency of the system. The suggestion may help the company to reduce its high expenditure on energy and thus improve the profit margin.

关键词： Vegetable Oil Refining Crude Palm Kernel Oil Energy Exergy Irreversibility

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The interplay of aging,genetics and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2019年第1期8卷 279-289页

作者： Shirley Yin-Yu Pang Philip Wing-Lok Ho Hui-Fang Liu Chi-Ting Leung Lingfei Li Eunice Eun Seo Chang david Boyer Ramsden Shu-Leong Ho Division of Neurology Department of MedicineQueen Mary HospitalUniversity of Hong KongHong KongPeople’s Republic of China Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research University of BirminghamBirminghamUK

Background:Parkinson’s disease(PD)is characterized by dopaminergic neuronal loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies(LB).During the course of disease,misfoldedα-synuclein,the major constituent of LB,spreads to different regions of the brain in a prion-like fashion,giving rise to successive non-motor and motor *** is likely multifactorial,and involves interplay among aging,genetic susceptibility and environmental *** body:The prevalence of PD rises exponentially with age,and aging is associated with impairment of cellular pathways which increases susceptibility of dopaminergic neurons to cell ***,the majority of those over the age of 80 do not have PD,thus other factors in addition to aging are needed to cause *** of neurotoxins which can result in parkinsonism led to efforts in identifying environmental factors which may influence PD ***,the causality of most environmental factors is not conclusively established,and alternative explanations such as reverse causality and recall bias cannot be *** lack of geographic clusters and conjugal cases also go against environmental toxins as a major cause of *** mutations as well as common variants in genes such as SNCA,LRRK2 and GBA are associated with risk of PD,but Mendelian causes collectively only account for 5%of PD and common polymorphisms are associated with small increase in PD *** of PD has been estimated to be around 30%.Thus,aging,genetics and environmental factors each alone is rarely sufficient to cause PD for most ***:PD is a multifactorial disorder involving interplay of aging,genetics and environmental *** has implications on the development of appropriate animal models of PD which take all these factors into *** converging pathways likely include mitochondrial dysfunction,impaired autophagy,oxidative stress and neuroinflammation,which are

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Genetics Aging Environmental toxins

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Determination of Rebaudioside A and Stevioside in Leaves of *** Bertoni Grown in Mexico by a Validated HPLC Method

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2015年第11期6卷 878-885页

作者： Irma Aranda-Gonzalez Yolanda Moguel-Ordonez david Betancur-Ancona Facultad de Medicina Universidad Autonoma de YucatanMeridaMexico Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agricolas y Pecuarias(INIFAP)Campo Experimental MocochaCarretera Merida-MotulMocochaMexico Facultad de Ingenieria Quimica Universidad Autonoma de YucatanMeridaMexico

Stevia rebaudiana is a plant with high sweetening capacity due to its content of glycosides, mainly stevioside and rebaudioside A. Several techniques have been used to determine the concentrations of glycosides in Stevia, although an HPLC method is recommended by the FAO/WHO-JECFA. Varieties of Stevia have been recently grown in Mexico, with no previous report of glycosides by a validated method. The aim of this study was to validate an isocratic HPLC method for content determination of main glycosides in the leaves of Stevia cultivated in Mexico. HPLC method was performed using a C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) and UV detector set at 210 nm. The mobile phase consisted of 32:68 (v/v) mixture of acetonitrile and sodium-phosphate buffer (10 mmol/L, pH 2.6), set to a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Rebaudioside A and stevioside were determined in two Stevia varieties: Morita II and Criolla, and also validation parameters were calculated. Rebaudioside A content (g/100g) in Morita II was 15.15 ± 0.02 while stevioside was 3.97 ± 0.003;in the case of Criolla they were 4.03 ± 0.01 and 8.80 ± 0.14, respectively (p < 0.001). The recoveries of fortified samples were 100% ± 10% and precision RSD was ≤6.27%. The criteria of validation showed accuracy, linearity (≥0.99), and precision;therefore, the determination of glycosides was performed with reliability.

关键词： Stevia rebaudiana Rebaudioside A Stevioside HPLC Validation

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双螺杆膨化机与水产饲料加工

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中国粮油学报 2006年第3期21卷 426-433页

作者：石戴卫美国金地集团北京101119

膨化加工技术具有其他饲料加工技术无可比拟的优越性,膨化水产饲料是一种低污染、低浪费、高效率的优质环保型饲料。挤压膨化加工技术具有独特的优点:原料使用范围广、淀粉的糊化程度高、水中稳定性远远高于普通颗粒饲料,且由于挤压颗... 详细信息

膨化加工技术具有其他饲料加工技术无可比拟的优越性,膨化水产饲料是一种低污染、低浪费、高效率的优质环保型饲料。挤压膨化加工技术具有独特的优点:原料使用范围广、淀粉的糊化程度高、水中稳定性远远高于普通颗粒饲料,且由于挤压颗粒的结构比较疏松(密度可调),有利于采用后喷涂技术,避免热敏性原料的损失,提高营养价值,降低生产成本。挤压膨化技术在水产饲料的应用发展十分迅猛,水产膨化饲料在水产养殖中的应用也日趋广泛和成熟。要想生产出熟化均匀、外观熟化度高且在水中可沉可浮的饲料,只有采用双螺杆膨化机。以金地三福为代表的国内优秀膨化机生产厂家不断研究,致力于提高膨化机的各项性能及实现全自动控制,从而推动我国水产养殖业的发展。

关键词：双双螺杆膨化机水产饲料加工

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Amniotic membrane transplantation in a patient with impending perforated corneal ulcer caused by Streptococcus mitis: A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第12期10卷 3923-3929页

作者： Fang-Chi Hsiao Yaa-Jyuhn James Meir Lung-Kun Yeh Hsin-Yuan Tan Ching-Hsi Hsiao david Hui-Kang Ma Wei-Chi Wu Hung-Chi Chen Department of Ophthalmology Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333423Taiwan Biomedical Sciences College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33305Taiwan Department of Medicine College of MedicineChang Gung UniversityTaoyuan 33305Taiwan Center for Tissue Engineering Chang Gung Memorial HospitalTaoyuan 333423Taiwan

BACKGROUND Streptococcus mitis(***)is an opportunistic pathogen that can lead to severe ocular *** previous reports,penetrating keratoplasty(PK)was usually adopted for the treatment of persistent corneal *** report describes an unusual case of nonhealing descemetocele caused by *** treated by antibiotics plus amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT).CASE SUMMARY A 63-year-old woman presented with a right persistent corneal ulcer that she had suffered from for the past 9 *** culture of a corneal scraping yielded *** right eye descemetocele decreased in diameter from 3 to 0.8 mm after the continuous administration of topical vancomycin and ceftriaxone for 2 *** to the slow healing,AMT was *** corneal erosion healed and gradually became *** visual acuity recovered from initially counting fingers to 100/200 at the last follow-up,67 mo after *** Antibiotics plus AMT may be an effective alternative treatment other than PK to promote epithelializationand to reduce inflammation in the corneas complicated by S. mitis keratitis.

关键词： Persistent corneal ulcer Amniotic membrane transplantation Streptococcus mitis Case report

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Endoglin in liver fibrogenesis: Bridging basic science and clinical practice

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World Journal of Biological Chemistry 2014年第2期5卷 180-203页

作者： Steffen K Meurer Muhammad Alsamman david Scholten Ralf Weiskirchen Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry RWTH University Hospital Aachen D-52074 Aachen Germany Department of Internal Medicine Ⅲ RWTH University Hospital Aachen D-52074 Aachen Germany

Endoglin, also known as cluster of differentiation CD105, was originally identified 25 years ago as a novel marker of endothelial cells. Later it was shown that endoglin is also expressed in pro-fibrogenic cells including mesangial cells, cardiac and scleroderma fibroblasts, and hepatic stellate cells. It is an integral membranebound disulfide-linked 180 kDa homodimeric receptor that acts as a transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) auxiliary co-receptor. In humans, several hundreds of mutations of the endoglin gene are known that give rise to an autosomal dominant bleeding disorder that is characterized by localized angiodysplasia and arteriovenous malformation. This disease is termed hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type Ⅰ and induces various vascular lesions, mainly on the face, lips, hands and gastrointestinal mucosa. Two variants of endoglin(i.e., S- and L-endoglin) are formed by alternative splicing that distinguishes from each other in the length of their cytoplasmic tails. Moreover, a soluble form of endoglin, i.e.,sol-Eng, is shedded by the matrix metalloprotease-14 that cleaves within the extracellular juxtamembrane region. Endoglin interacts with the TGF-β signaling receptors and influences Smad-dependent and-independent effects. Recent work has demonstrated that endoglin is a crucial mediator during liver fibrogenesis that critically controls the activity of the different Smad branches. In the present review, we summarize the present knowledge of endoglin expression and function, its involvement in fibrogenic Smad signaling, current models to investigate endoglin function, and the diagnostic value of endoglin in liver disease.

关键词： Telangiectasia Signalling Transforming growth factor-β Disease Bleeding disorders

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Observational Study of a Multi-Active Ingredient Over-the-Counter Cold Remedy Following Active Pharmacist Recommendation

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Open Journal of Respiratory Diseases 2017年第1期7卷 41-52页

作者： Gillian Lisa Phillipson John david Hull Boleslaw Samoliński Procter&Gamble Greater London Innovation CentreSurreyUK Department of the Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology Faculty of Health SciencesMedical University of WarsawWarsawPoland

Real-world user satisfaction with a fixed dose combination over-the-counter cold remedy (Vicks Symptomed Complete Cytrynowy hot drink;VSCC) was evaluated in a prospective, non-comparative, observational study involving 176 pharmacies in Poland from February to April 2015. 1391 participants completed a questionnaire in the pharmacy and several paper questionnaires at home following use of the product at their own discretion. Participants returned their completed questionnaires to the pharmacy. 1356 participants were included in the intent-to-treat analysis. Participants highly valued the advice from their pharmacist (97%, P < 0.0001, important vs. not important) and thought the quality of that advice was good (93%, P < 0.0001, good/very good vs. very bad-fair). 96% of participants found VSCC to be effective in some way against their cold symptoms (P < 0.0001, effective vs. not effective) and 68% of them stated that it was better than any other cold therapy they had used before (P < 0.0001, better/best vs. same/worse). Adverse event reporting was very low.

关键词： Common Cold Upper Respiratory Tract Infection Observational Pharmacy Over-the-Counter Fixed-Dose Combination Common Cold Symptoms

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Dispersive Traveling Wave Solution for Non-Linear Waves Dynamical Models

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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Physics 2019年第10期7卷 2467-2480页

作者： Kwasi Boateng Weigou Yang Michael Ezra Otoo david Yaro Faculty of Science Jiangsu University Zhenjiang China Department of Mathematics Presbyterian University College Abetifi Eastern Region Ghana

In waves dynamics, Generalized Kortewegde Vries (gKdV) equation and Sawada-Kotera equation (Ske) have been used to study nonlinear acoustic waves, an inharmonic lattice and Alfven waves in a collisionless plasma, and a lot of more important physical phenomena. In this paper, the simple equation method (SEM) is used to obtain new traveling wave solutions of gKdv and Ske. The physical properties of the obtained solutions are graphically illustrated using suitable parameters. The computational simplicity of the proposed method shows the robustness and efficiency of SEM.

关键词： Simple Equation Method Traveling Wave Solutions Generalized Kortewegde Vries (gKdV) Sawada-Kotera Equation (Ske)

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Study of the Influence of a Young Synthetic Leachate on the Hydromechanical Properties of a Swelling Clay

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2017年第11期6卷 569-581页

作者： Hamma Fabien Yonli david Yemboini Kader Toguyeni Moussa Sougoti Department of Physics the University Ouaga I Pr Joseph KI-ZERBO BP 7021 Ouagadougou 03 Burkina Faso Department of Civil Engineering the University of Fada N'Gourma BP 46 Fada N'Gourma Burkina Faso

Despite the developments of sectors which aim at valorizing recyclable materials, landfills remain essential in integrated waste management. The construction of such infrastructures is an engineering challenge that must be proven over the long term. The purpose of this study is to understand the modification of the hydromechanical properties of bottom liners of landfills that may occur during their exploitation under leachate action. To do so, on the basis of its parameters of nature, a swelling clay from Burkina Faso is selected from soils of seven localities in Burkina Faso （West Africa）. Laboratory tests carried out with distilled water and then with a young synthetic leachate show a degradation of the permeability of this clay from 2.42 × 10^-10 m/s to 1.01 × 10^-9 m/s. In addition, leachate leads to an inhibition of the swelling and a remarkable increase of its compressibility, inducing significant settlement. With the increase in permeability, the primary consolidation settlement is increasing faster. Changes in the hydromechanical behavior can be attributed to the clays mineralogy, mainly cation exchange and the development of the diffuse double layer.

关键词： Bottom liner leachate hydraulic conductivity compressibility consolidation.

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Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography:Current practice and future research

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2021年第8期13卷 260-274页

作者： david J Sanders Shivanand Bomman Rajesh Krishnamoorthi Richard A Kozarek Digestive Disease Institute Virginia Mason Medical CenterSeattleWA 98101United States

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)has evolved from a primarily diagnostic to therapeutic procedure in hepatobiliary and pancreatic *** commonly,ERCPs are performed for choledocholithiasis with or without cholangitis,but improvements in technology and technique have allowed for management of pancreatic duct stones,benign and malignant strictures,and bile and pancreatic *** an example of necessity driving innovation,the new disposable duodenoscopes have been introduced into *** the advantage of eliminating transmissible infections,they represent a paradigm shift in quality improvement within *** procedures becoming more complicated,the necessity for anesthesia involvement and safety of propofol use and general anesthesia has become better *** improvements in endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)have allowed for direct bile duct access and EUS facilitated bile duct access for *** patients with surgically altered anatomy,selective cannulation can be performed with overtube-assisted enteroscopy,laparoscopic surgery assistance,or the EUS-directed transgastric *** and pancreatoscopy use has become ubiquitous with defined indications for large bile duct stones,indeterminate strictures,and hepatobiliary and pancreatic *** review summarizes the recent advances in infection prevention,quality improvement,pancreaticobiliary access,and management of hepatobiliary and pancreatic *** appropriate,future research directions are included in each section.

关键词： Cholangiopancreatography Endoscopic retrograde Cholangioscopy Cannulation Endoscopic ultrasound Disposable duodenoscopes

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