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pH-mediated synthesis of monodisperse gold nanorods with quantitative yield and molecular level insight

Nano Research 2021年第4期14卷 1167-1174页

作者： Reese Gallagher Xing Zhang Anthony Altomare david lawrence jr. Nicholas Shawver Ninh Tran Melanie Beazley Gang Chen Department of Chemistry University of Central FloridaOrlando32816USA

Although gold nanorods(GNRs)have been produced with different dimensions and aspect ratios,the current synthesis methods through seed-mediated growth are far from ideal,for instance,the quality(rod yield)and the quantity(gold conversion)cannot be simultaneously *** critically,there is no molecular level understanding of the growth ***,we solved the problem by employing the stoichiometric ratio of reactants and tuning the reactivity of the reductant through adjusting the initial pH value of the growth solution to achieve both good quality and high quantity *** also extended our strategy to other enols besides ascorbic acid,such as phenolic compounds,and found that the optimal pH for GNRs synthesis depends on the structure of the individual *** mechanistic insight greatly enriches the toolbox of reductants for GNRs growth and makes it possible to synthesize GNRs at both acidic and basic *** interesting phenomenon is that for most of the phenolic compounds we tested,the morphology of the final products follows the same sphere-rod-sphere trend as the initial pH value of the reaction increases,whether it is under acidic or basic conditions,which cannot be explained by any previously proposed *** effect of pH is mainly attributed to the regulation of the reduction potential of the reductants,and thus the reaction rate.A model has been proposed to explain the dependence of anisotropic growth of GNRs on the concentration gradient of reactants around the seeds,which is decided by both the reaction rate and diffusion rate.

关键词： gold nanorods gold conversion yield shape homogeneity pH value reduction potential concentration gradient

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Applied Management Science 2nd ed.

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2002年

作者： lawrence, John A., jr./ Pasternack, Barry Alan

ISBN: (纸本)9780471391906

在线阅读本书Emphasizes building the most appropriate model possible from the available data. Major focus is on analysis and communication of results to management. Teaches readers how to conduct a management science study, analyze different situations, break down the steps of problem–solving, write a business report, and effectively communicate study results to management. A supporting CD–ROM is packaged with every book to include three complete additional chapters, additional cases and problems for every chapter, coverage of key algorithms and derivations, a review of statistics, the complete WINQSB package developed by Yih–Long Chang, and Excel files for every chapter. Computer Integrated Approach: Use of Excel, WinQSB, and LINDO for windows integrated throughout text for use in solving models.

关键词： Management

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Chocolate Milk with Sucrose and Stevia Preference by Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 1352-1358页

作者： Marta Regina Verruma-Bernardi Kiwon Lee Stephanie Qing Liu Peter lawrence Bordi jr. Center for Agrarian Sciences Federal University of S&atildeo Carlos S&atildeo Paulo Brazil The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Brasilia Brazil São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Ribeir&atildeo Preto Brazil Department of Retail Hospitality and Tourism Management University of Tennessee Knoxville USA School of Hospitality Management Pennsylvania State University University Park USA Center for Food Innovation School of Hospitality Management Pennsylvania State University University Park USA

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the preference of chocolate milk products sweetened with sucrose and stevia by pre- and post-menopausal women and to examine their concerns about bone health. Women panelists were divided into two groups according to age: pre- menopausal (from 18 to 47 years old) and post-menopausal (over 48 years old) and answered the frequency of white and chocolate milk consumption during a week and their concerns about bone health. For preference, five kinds of chocolate milk were used: 1) Non Sucrose Added [NSA] with stevia and NutraFlora?, 2) NSA with stevia, 3) with sucrose and stevia, 4) with sucrose, stevia, and NutraFlora?, and 5) control with sucrose. The results showed that both groups (pre- and post- menopausal women) prefer chocolate milk to white milk. Pre-menopausal women prefer the chocolate milk with NSA stevia and NutraFlora?, while post-menopausal women prefer the chocolate milk NSA with stevia without NutraFlora?. For comparisons between chocolate milk with sucrose and stevia vs. chocolate milk with sucrose and stevia and NutraFlora? and chocolate milk with sucrose vs. chocolate milk with sucrose and stevia, there were no visible differences between pre- and post-menopausal women. Both groups were concerned about bone health, fiber, and calories, and their concerns about which influenced their milk choices. Pre-menopausal women showed a greater positive impact on milk choice when being informed the amount of fibers in the sample than post-menopausal women. Therefore, this study suggests that milk sweetened with stevia needs to be produced as calcium resources without increasing calories.

关键词： Preference Flavor Calories Sweeteners

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A Phase-Field Model Coupled with Lattice Kinetics Solver for Modeling Crystal Growth in Furnaces

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第1期15卷 76-92页

作者： Guang Lin Jie Bao Zhijie Xu Alexandre M.Tartakovsky Charles H.Henager jr. Computational Mathematics Group Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352 USA. Fluid and Computational Engineering Group Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352 USA. Engineering Mechanics and Structure Materials Group Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWA 99352 USA.

In this study,we present a new numerical model for crystal growth in a vertical solidification *** model takes into account the buoyancy induced convective flow and its effect on the crystal growth *** evolution of the crystal growth interface is simulated using the phase-field method.A semi-implicit lattice kinetics solver based on the Boltzmann equation is employed to model the unsteady incompressible *** model is used to investigate the effect of furnace operational conditions on crystal growth interface profiles and growth *** a simple case of macroscopic radial growth,the phase-field model is validated against an analytical *** numerical simulations reveal that for a certain set of temperature boundary conditions,the heat transport in the melt near the phase interface is diffusion dominant and advection is suppressed.

关键词： Phase-field crystal growth diffusion convection lattice kinetics modeling

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Quantifying spatiotemporal variability in occupant exposure to an indoor airborne contaminant with an uncertain source location

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Building Simulation 2023年第6期16卷 889-913页

作者： John E.Castellini jr.Cary A.Faulkner Wangda Zuo Michael D.Sohn Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderUCB 427BoulderCO80309USA Department Architectural Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPA16802USA National Renewable Energy National Laboratory GoldenCO80401USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA94720USA

Well-mixed zone models are often employed to compute indoor air quality and occupant *** effective,a potential downside to assuming instantaneous,perfect mixing is underpredicting exposures to high intermittent concentrations within a *** such cases are of concern,more spatially resolved models,like computational-fluid dynamics methods,are used for some or all of the ***,these models have higher computational costs and require more input information.A preferred compromise would be to continue with a multi-zone modeling approach for all rooms,but with a better assessment of the spatial variability within a *** do so,we present a quantitative method for estimating a room’s spatiotemporal variability,based on influential room *** proposed method disaggregates variability into the variability in a room’s average concentration,and the spatial variability within the room relative to that *** enables a detailed assessment of how variability in particular room parameters impacts the uncertain occupant *** demonstrate the utility of this method,we simulate contaminant dispersion for a variety of possible source *** compute breathing-zone exposure during the releasing(source is active)and decaying(source is removed)*** CFD methods,we found after a 30 minutes release the average standard deviation in the spatial distribution of exposure was approximately 28%of the source average exposure,whereas variability in the different average exposures was lower,only 10%of the total *** also find that although uncertainty in the source location leads to variability in the average magnitude of transient exposure,it does not have a particularly large influence on the spatial distribution during the decaying period,or on the average contaminant removal *** systematically characterizing a room’s average concentration,its variability,and the spatial variability within the room important insights can be gain

关键词： uncertainty variability airborne contaminant spatiotemporal variability well-mixed heterogeneity

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考虑过阻尼模态参与的改进复模态叠加法

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Journal of Southeast University(English Edition) 2023年第3期39卷 213-224页

作者：陈勇 Donald M.Mc.Farland Billie F.Spencer,jr.lawrence A.Bergman 浙江大学建筑工程学院杭州310027 Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana 61801USA Department of Aerospace Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbana 61801USA 浙江工业大学机械工程学院杭州310014

为处理非比例阻尼系统可能出现的过阻尼模态,提出了一种改进的复模态叠加强迫振动分析方法,建议无论模态是否过阻尼,复模态振动分析时应成对使用复模态.以一个连接任意布置外部阻尼器的悬臂梁典型非比例阻尼系统为例,其第1阶模态会随阻... 详细信息

为处理非比例阻尼系统可能出现的过阻尼模态,提出了一种改进的复模态叠加强迫振动分析方法,建议无论模态是否过阻尼,复模态振动分析时应成对使用复模态.以一个连接任意布置外部阻尼器的悬臂梁典型非比例阻尼系统为例,其第1阶模态会随阻尼系数的增加而过阻尼.在厘清复模态响应与实际动力响应关系的基础上阐述了采用改进复模态叠加法获得时域响应、传递函数和方差的完整理论方法.将方程分为实部和虚部,使得原复数域运动方程成为基于实数矩阵的增广状态空间方程,从而克服了采用复数矩阵计算时变响应的困难.此外,针对基于白噪声滤波的外部激励,提出了一种高效方差响应评估方法,降低了计算资源消耗.结果表明,相较于假设模态法,复模态叠加法的结果更接近于有限元结果.基于遍历法研究最优阻尼器参数和位置时,采用多个小阻尼阻尼器优于单个大阻尼阻尼器.

关键词：非经典阻尼系统连续系统强迫振动复模态叠加法过阻尼模态动力响应

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Fast prediction of indoor airflow distribution inspired by synthetic image generation artificial intelligence

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Building Simulation 2023年第7期16卷 1219-1238页

作者： Cary A.Faulkner Dominik S.Jankowski John E.Castellini jr.Wangda Zuo Philipp Epple Michael D.Sohn Ali Taleb Zadeh Kasgari Walid Saad Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCOUSA HySON Institut SonnebergGermany Department of Architectural Engineering Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA Department of Mechanical Engineering Coburg University of Applied SciencesCoburgGermany Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia TechArlingtonVAUSA

Prediction of indoor airflow distribution often relies on high-fidelity,computationally intensive computational fluid dynamics(CFD)*** intelligence(Al)models trained by CFD data can be used for fast and accurate prediction of indoor airflow,but current methods have limitations,such as only predicting limited outputs rather than the entire flow ***,conventional Al models are not always designed to predict different outputs based on a continuous input range,and instead make predictions for one or a few discrete *** work addresses these gaps using a conditional generative adversarial network(CGAN)model approach,which is inspired by current state-of-the-art Al for synthetic image *** create a new Boundary Condition CGAN(BC-CGAN)model by extending the original CGAN model to generate 2D airflow distribution images based on a continuous input parameter,such as a boundary ***,we design a novel feature-driven algorithm to strategically generate training data,with the goal of minimizing the amount of computationally expensive data while ensuring training quality of the Al *** BC-CGAN model is evaluated for two benchmark airflow cases:an isothermal lid-driven cavity flow and a non-isothermal mixed convection flow with a heated *** also investigate the performance of the BC-CGAN models when training is stopped based on different levels of validation error *** results show that the trained BC-CGAN model can predict the 2D distribution of velocity and temperature with less than 5%relative error and up to about 75,ooo times faster when compared to reference CFD *** proposed feature-driven algorithm shows potential for reducing the amount of data and epochs required to train the Al models while maintaining prediction accuracy,particularly when the flow changes non-linearlywith respectto an input.

关键词： artificial intelligence indoor airflow conditional generative adversarial network computational fluid dynamics

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Rationale for reconsidering current regulations restricting use of hybrids in orange juice

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Horticulture Research 2020年第1期7卷 2375-2381页

作者： Ed Stover Frederick G.Gmitter jr.Jude Grosser Elizabeth Baldwin Guohong Albert Wu Jinhe Bai Yu Wang Peter Chaires Juan Carlos Motamayor USDA/ARS US Horticultural Research Lab.2001 S Rock Rd.Ft.PierceFL 34945USA Citrus Research and Education Center Univ.Florida700 Experiment Station Rd.Lake AlfredFL 33850USA US Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteLawrence Berkeley National Laboratory1 Cyclotron RoadBerkeleyCA 94720USA New Varieties Development&Management Corp. PO Box 941058MaitlandFL 32794USA The Coca-Cola Company 2651 Orange Ave.ApopkaFL 32703USA

Huanglongbing(HLB)is a disease that has devastated the Florida citrus industry,threatens the entire *** industry,and globally is rapidly ***’s citrus production is 90%sweet orange,which is quite sensitive to *** heavy reliance on sweet orange for Florida citrus production makes the industry especially vulnerable to diseases that are damaging to this type of ***,90%of Florida oranges are used in producing orange juice that is defined by a federal regulation known as the“orange juice standard”,specifying that at least 90%of“orange juice”must be derived from Citrus *** analyses definitively reveal that sweet orange is not a true species,but just one of many introgression hybrids of *** and ***,with phenotypic diversity resulting from accumulated mutations in this single hybrid,the“sweet orange”.No other fruit industry is limited by law to such a narrow genetic ***,there are new citrus hybrids displaying reduced sensitivity to HLB,and in some cases they produce juice,alone or in blends,that consumers would recognize as“orange juice”.Reconsidering current regulations on orange juice standards may permit use of such hybrids in“orange juice”,providing greater latitude for commercialization of these hybrids,leading to higher-quality orange juice and a more sustainable Florida orange juice industry.

关键词： orange Rational stated

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Effectiveness and Safety of 9-Month Treatment Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in the Philippines

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2022年第2期10卷 75-86页

作者： Vivian S. Lofranco Vincent M. Balanag jr.lawrence O. Raymond Noel G. Macalalad Alex Golubkov Mary Rosary T. Santiago Anna Marie Celina G. Garfin National Center for Pulmonary Research-Lung Center of the Philippines Quezon City Philippines National TB Reference Laboratory-Research Institute for Tropical Medicine Muntinlupa City Philippines Global Health Bureau Infectious Diseases Office TB Division U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Washington USA Disease Prevention and Control-Department of Health Manila Philippines

Background: The Philippines has a burden of drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB). One of the key challenges in the programmatic management of DR-TB (PMDT) is the high rate of loss to follow-up (38% in the 2010 cohort). An urgent need for a shorter, more tolerable, less expensive treatment regimen exists. The aim of the operational study is to determine the efficacy and safety of the short treatment regimen among drug resistant TB. Methods: This is a prospective single-arm cohort study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of a shorter 9 - 11-month treatment regimen (9MTR) for rifampicin-resistant/multi-drug resistant TB (RR/MDR-TB) in 10 PMDT facilities. All eligible consenting adult patients with rifampicin-resistant TB were enrolled and received the standardized 9-month treatment regimen (9MTR), including injectables, with a follow-up after 12 months of treatment completion. Results: A total of 329 patients were enrolled from July 2015 to December 2016. At the 6th month post-enrollment, 256 (77.8%) of them had culture-negative test results. The end-of-treatment success rate was 74.1% (224 [68.0%] were cured and 20 [6.1%] completed the treatment). On the other hand, 10 (3.0%) died, 41 (12.5%) lost to follow-up, 33 (10.0%) withdrawn, 1 (0.3%) treatment failure. In the 12th month after 9MTR completion, among the 244 patients with successful treatment, 198 (81.1%) had culture-negative results, while there were 46 patients whose culture tests were not done. One patient developed TB relapse with fluoroquinolone resistance. The majority of the adverse events were mild that occurred mostly during the first 6 months of treatment. Conclusion: The 9-month treatment regimen had a high treatment success rate with a favorable safety profile. The loss to follow-up was reduced;however, it was still a challenge. The introduction of the 9MTR via operational research had a major impact on building national capacity and infrastructure for the programmatic adoption of a new regimen.

关键词： MDR-TB Short Treatment Regimen Treatment Outcomes Prospective Studies

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德国“盘王”厂访问记德国jr.Transrotor厂房之行

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视听前线 2009年第3期 82-86页

作者： lawrence

每年的德国慕尼黑（Munich）的Hi—End高级音响展已经成为欧洲甚至全球最重要的同类型展会，2008年的举行时间由往年的5月提早至4月（24至27日），由于我已提早计划了可以在德国逗留大约一星期，再加上在很早之前已征得jr.Transrotor老... 详细信息

每年的德国慕尼黑（Munich）的Hi—End高级音响展已经成为欧洲甚至全球最重要的同类型展会，2008年的举行时间由往年的5月提早至4月（24至27日），由于我已提早计划了可以在德国逗留大约一星期，再加上在很早之前已征得jr.Transrotor老板及设计师Jochen Rake的同意，可以安排在音响展之后到他的公司和工厂参观，于是在4月2719，即展会的最后一日的下午，我便只身踏上征途，前往位于德国西北部的jr.Transrotor大本营。

关键词：德国访问记厂房音响展慕尼黑设计师西北部展会

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