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Atomic-scale engineering of oxide interfaces yields a new family of synthetic magnetic structures

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Science Bulletin 2017年第17期62卷 1169-1170页

作者： david l.Cortie Xiaolin Wang ARC Centre of Excellence in Future low-Energy Electronics Technologies University of WollongongNorth WoUongongNSW 2522Australia The Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials Australian Institute for Innovative MaterialsUniversity of Wollongong North WollongongNSW 2522Australia

A grand challenge in the field of magnetism is to find material systems that exhibit spin structures ranging from simple ferromagnets to exquisite non-collinear *** bulk three-dimensional(3D)materials,however,the magnetic exchange interactions are constrained by the crystal symmetry and quantum chemistry,making it challenging to adjust the intrinsic magnetic structure.A

关键词：铁磁性工程师原子尺度合成结构族氧化物交换相互作用界面

The skeleton gets a （reproductive） life

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2011年第5期13卷 651-652页

作者： Charles M Allan david l Handelsman ANZAC Research Institute Concord Hospital Universityof Sydney Sydney NSW 2139 Australia

To most well-informed scientists who do not work on bone, the idea that bones determine anything other than your posture and location for the miseries of arthritis would come as quite a surprise. It would be like imagining that the walls of our home played something more than a passive role in the complexities of the lives conducted within. Yet something precisely as radical as that is what Karsenty and his colleagues boldly imagined,1 and then provocatively established in a series of studies over the past decade.20steocalcin （OCN） is a vitamin K- dependent peptide hormone secreted by the bone-formine osteoblasts.

关键词： reproductive david J Handelsman

Kri1l: a novel gene that links defective ribosome biogenesis to impaired hematopoiesis through excessive autophagy

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Science Bulletin 2015年第17期60卷 1547-1548页

作者： Yong Zhang david l.Wiest Blood Cell Development and Function Program Fox Chase Cancer Center Philadelphia

The ribosome is an ancient and conserved molecular machine responsible for translating mRNA into protein in all known organisms. The eukaryotic ribosome is com- posed of - 80 ribosomal proteins （RPs） and four ribosomal RNAs （rRNAs）. These RNA and protein components are assembled within the nucleolus into the small 40S and large 60S subunits of the ribosome, through a process termed ribosome biogenesis. Ribosome biogenesis is a highly orchestrated and carefully controlled process that requires - 150 associated proteins and 70 small nucleolar RNAs （snoRNAs）, which assist in prerRNA transcription and maturation, ribosome component assembly, and trafficking to the cytosol. Defects in ribosome biogenesis resulting from mutations in biogenesis cofactors, or in ribosomal structural components themselves, cause a collection of human diseases termed ＂ribosomopathies＂.

关键词： Ribosome biogenesis Hematopoietic stem cell Autophagy Ribosomopathy Zebrafish

Seasonal metabolic flexibility is correlated with microclimate variation in horned larks and house sparrows

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Current Zoology 2022年第2期68卷 199-210页

作者： Paige OBOIKOVITZ david l.SWANSON Department of Biology University of South DakotaVermillionSD 57069USA

Maximum and minimum metabolic rates in birds are flexible traits and such flexibility can be advantageous in variable *** climatic variability hypothesis(CVH)posits that more variable climates should result in greater metabolic flexibility for geographically distinct *** the CVH applies to sympatric species occupying microclimates differing in variability is *** of open habitats are likely more variable than those of sheltered *** the CVH extends to microclimates,we expect birds from open habitats to show greater flexibility than those from sheltered *** test this extension of the CVH,we compared seasonal variation in microclimates and metabolic rates for sympatric horned larks Eremophila alpestris,which occupy open habitats,and house sparrows Passer domesticus,which occupy sheltered *** measured operative temperature(T_(e′) an integrative measure of the thermal environment),summit metabolic rate(M_(sum′) maximal cold-induced metabolic rate),and basal metabolic rate(BMR,minimal maintenance metabolic rate)in summer and *** both winter and summer,daily minimum Te was similar between open and sheltered habitats but maximum Te was higher for open *** microclimates,however,were colder for open than for sheltered habitats after accounting for convective *** species increased M_(sum) in winter,but seasonal M_(sum) flexibility was greater for larks(43%)than for sparrows(31%).Winter increases in BMR were 92.5% and 11% for larks and sparrows,respectively,with only the former attaining statistical ***,species*season interactions in general linear models for whole-organism metabolic rates were significant for BMR and showed a similar,although not significant,pattern for M_(sum),with greater seasonal metabolic flexibility in horned larks than in house *** results suggest that extending the CVH to sympatric bird species occupying different microclimates

关键词： climatic variability hypothesis Eremophila alpestris metabolic flexibility metabolic rates microclimates Passer domesticus

A New Chinese Anurognathid Pterosaur and the Evolution of Pterosaurian Tail lengths

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Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition) 2012年第6期86卷 1317-1325页

作者： lÜ Junchang david W.E.HONE Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences School of Biology and Environmental Sciences University College Dublin

A new anurognathid pterosaur specimen from the Middle Jurassic Tiaojishan Formation of Qinglong, northern Hebie Province is described. The new specimen is referred to Dendrorhynchoides, based on the general morphology of the skeleton, but it represents a new species, named here as Dendrorhynchoides mutoudengensis sp. nov.. It is characterized by the presence of short, robust and straight teeth, and bearing wing metacarpal approximately 40% of the length of humerus. The new specimen provides further osteological information for anurognathid pterosaurs, especially the presence of a relatively elongate tail.

关键词： Pterosauria rhamphothynchoids anurognathid Dendrorhynchoides mutoudengensis,pterodactyloids tail evolution.

Discharge-Stage Relationship on Urban Streams Evaluated at USGS Gauging Stations,***,Missouri

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Journal of Earth Science 2020年第6期31卷 1133-1141页

作者： Robert E.Criss david l.Nelson Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Washington UniversitySt.Louis MO 63130USA Columbia Cir Pasadena CA 91105USA

Extensive USGS data tables and detailed,1 m2 li DAR surveys are used to determine the optimal power n that relates discharge(Q)to stage(h*)above channel bottom(ho)at 39 gauging stations on small streams in the ***,Missouri area,all of which have catchments of 0.6 to 220 *** different methodologies are employed to determine both n and ho:(1)optimizing linearity in a plot of Q1/n *** stage(hl)using USGS field measurements at each site;(2)optimizing linearity in a plot of Q1/n *** using USGS rating tables at each site;(3)a mathematical inverse method applied to the same USGS rating tables;(4)use of li DAR data on channel geometry to determine the power dependences of channel area A and hydraulic radius H on h*,combined with the Manning and rational equations to predict *** these methods,only methods 2 and 3 compare favorably,and these values compare poorly with Method 1 based on field data,and with method 4 based on theoretical and empirical *** Method 4 is predictive,it provides a useful alternative to methods 1–3 that are based on USGS field measurements,which are heavily weighted toward low *** conclude that the apparent values of n in the USGS rating tables are systematically too low for small streams.

关键词： stream gauging li DAR topography urban flooding discharge hydrology

Artificial intelligence for early detection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma: The future is promising

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第13期27卷 1283-1295页

作者： Antonio Mendoza ladd david l Diehl Department of Internal Medicine Division of GastroenterologyTexas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoEl PasoTX 79905United States Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition Geisinger Medical CenterDanvillePA 17822United States

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC) is a worldwide public health concern. Despite extensive research efforts toward improving diagnosis and treatment, the 5-year survival rate at best is approximately 15%. This dismal figure can be attributed to a variety of factors including lack of adequate screening methods, late symptom onset, and treatment resistance. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains a grim diagnosis with a high mortality rate and a significant psychological burden for patients and their families. In recent years artificial intelligence(AI) has permeated the medical field at an accelerated pace, bringing potential new tools that carry the promise of improving diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases. In this review we will summarize the landscape of AI in diagnosis and treatment of PDAC.

关键词： Pancreatic adenocarcinoma Artificial intelligence Neural network Future perspectives Early diagnosis Improved performance

Factors influencing the establishment of dominance hierarchies of the grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus

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Current Zoology 2010年第1期56卷 18-35页

作者： david W.ClEVElAND Kari l.lAVAllI College of General Studies Division of Natural Sciences & Mathematics Boston University

Unlike other balistids, grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus occur in social groups in subtropical reef assemblages and have been noted to cooperate in capturing large crustacean prey. The objective of this study were to determine the structure of dominance hierarchies of these social groups and the factors that influence hierarchies of wild-caught grey triggerfish in a natu- ralistic setting. From observations of four groups of triggerfish （n = 19 fish） in both dyad and group （4 - 5 fish） settings, we provide a description of triggerfish behaviors and coloration patterns and an explanation of the social context in which suites of behaviors are used by dominant, middle-ranking, and subordinate fish. Sixteen behaviors and nine coloration patterns were noted for grey triggerfish. Grey triggerfish groups form linear hierarchies in both dyads and groups as measured by landau＇s lndex of linearity （h = 1.0 for Groups 1, 3, and 4 and h = 0.95 for Group 2 in dyads; h = 1.0 for all groups in group settings）. Dyadic hierarchies, however, were not necessarily good predictors of the hierarchies found in larger group settings, as they only predicted two of the four group hierarchies. Sex played no role in influencing status or behavior. Size had the greatest influence on domi- nance status, with larger fish being more dominant than smaller fish. An individual＇s dominance ranking influenced both body coloration and posture. These results suggest that color patterns and body postures may also be used by observers as an indicator of an individual＇s social status in groups [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 18-35, 2010].

关键词： Grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus Balistids Dominance hierarchies Status Rank Behavior

Short-term captivity influences maximal cold-induced metabolic rates and their repeatability in summer-acclimatized American goldfinches Spinus tristis

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Current Zoology 2013年第4期59卷 439-448页

作者： david l. SWANSON Marisa O. KING Department of Biology University of South Dakota Vermillion SD 57069 USA

Studies of metabolic variation in birds have involved both wild and captive individuals, but few studies have investi- gated whether captivity directly influences metabolic rates, despite such variation potentially confounding conclusions regarding how metabolic rates respond to the conditions under study. In addition, whether short-term captivity influences metabolic rate re- peatability in birds is currently uninvestigated. In this study, we measured Msum （maximal cold-induced metabolic rates） in sum- mer acclimatized American goldfinches Spinus tristis directly after capture from wild populations, after approximately 2 weeks of indoor captivity （Captive 1）, and again after an additional 1-2 weeks of captivity （Captive 2）. M~ increased significantly （16.9%） following the initial captive period, but remained stable thereafter. Body mass （Mb） also increased significantly （9.2%） during the initial captive period but remained stable thereafter, suggesting that muscle growth and/or remodeling of body composition pro- duced the observed metabolic variation. Mb and Msum were not significantly repeatable between wild and Captive 1 birds, but were significantly repeatable between Captive 1 and Captive 2 groups. These data suggest that caution must be exercised when extrapolating metabolic rates from short-term captive to wild populations. In addition, Msum was a repeatable trait for birds under conditions where mean metabolic rates remained stable, but Msum repeatability disappeared during acclimation to conditions pro- moting phenotypically flexible metabolic responses. This suggests that the capacity for phenotypic flexibility varies among indi- viduals, and such variation could have fitness consequences

关键词： Metabolic rates Msm Birds Captivity Repeatability Phenotypic flexibility