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Evaluating and quantifying the effect of various spruce budworm intervention strategies on forest carbon dynamics in Atlantic Canada

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Forest Ecosystems 2022年第4期9卷 547-557页

作者： Zelin liu Changhui Peng david AMaclean louis De Grandpre Jean-Noel Candau Daniel Kneeshaw School of Geographic Sciences Hunan Normal UniversityChangsha410081China Department of Biological Sciences University of Qu�ebec at MontrealMontrealQC H3C 3P8Canada Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management University of New BrunswickFrederictonNB E3B 5A3Canada laurentian Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaQC G1V 4C7Canada Great lake Forestry Centre Canadian Forest ServiceNatural Resources CanadaON P6A 2E5Canada

Spruce budworm (SBW) outbreaks are one of the most devastating natural disturbances in spruce-balsam fir forests of eastern North America. Both early intervention strategy (EIS) and foliage protection strategy (FP) are being tested to limit forest losses, but the quantitative impact on forest carbon (C) dynamics is still unclear. In this study, we designed 19 separate scenarios of no intervention or varying success of EIS, FP, and their combination on SBW caused defoliation and mortality. We then used the TRIPlEX-Insect model to quantify their effects on forest C dynamics in the forests of the four provinces of Atlantic Canada. A scenario applying FP to 10%of the area with the greatest potential C losses of living biomass, protecting foliage in 10%of the forests is more realistic than higher proportion of FP given the high cost and large areas involved, resulted in reducing average cumulative net ecosystem productivity (NEP) from 2020 to 2039 by 56%–127%compared to a no outbreak *** results showed that FP would have to be applied everywhere to reduce tree mortality and increase NEP more than 8 years of successful EIS applied. However, if EIS can be successfully implemented for 12 years, it will maintain more forest C than FP applied everywhere during a moderate outbreak. We also found that the combination of EIS followed by FP in 10%of the areas disturbed by the SBW could maintain average cumulative NEP at similar levels to no defoliation in every province of Atlantic Canada. Black/red spruce forests younger than 60years old underwent the smallest changes in C dynamics whether using EIS, FP, or both. This highlights the importance of forest species, forest age, and their interactions on the effectiveness of a treatment during SBW outbreak. Overall, 31%–76%of the study area in Atlantic Canada could convert from a C sink to a source by 2039,if no protective measures are used under the worst-case scenarios, thus contributing to future climate warming.

关键词： Annual defoliation Natural disturbance Forest protection Net ecosystem productivity TRIPlEX-Insect Conifers

Extensive adhesion formation in a total knee replacement in the setting of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor:A case report

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2022年第5期13卷 538-543页

作者： Steven Mitchell Anderson lee Ryan Stenquist david YatsonskyⅡ Megan l Mooney Vithal B Shendge Department of Orthopaedic Surgery The University of Toledo Medical CenterToledoOH 43614United States

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs)are rare primary neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract,accounting for 1%to 2%of all gastrointestinal neoplasms *** are frequently discovered incidentally during workup for other diagnosis or intestinal obstruction,as they can present with few or no ***,GISTs confer a high degree of malignant transformation,with a progression in about 10%to 30%of *** SUMMARY A 63-year-old healthy female presented to our institution with complaints of right knee pain and limited passive and active motion in the setting of a previous right total knee arthroplasty(TKA).One year after TKA,the patient was incidentally diagnosed with a GIST,which was successfully *** removal,the patient continued to have limited range of motion of the right knee and subsequently underwent revision *** significant fibrotic adhesions were found encapsulating the femoral and tibial *** patient’s pain improved postoperatively,however,she continued to have decreased range of motion with difficulty *** We propose that this case may demonstrate a proinflammatory milieu arising from a GIST,which had a direct influence on the outcome of recent total knee *** proposed mechanism between neoplastic cytokinetic activity and adhesion formation could have implications on preoperative and postoperative orthopedic management of total knee arthroplasty.

关键词： Gastrointestinal stromal tumor Adhesion formation Total knee arthroplasty Inflammatory response Decreased range of motion Case report

Carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery: Risk factors, prevention, and management

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2022年第1期8卷 54-60页

作者： Rahul K.Sharma Alexandria l.I race Jonathan B.Overdevest david A.Gudis Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNewYork-Presbyterian HospitalNew YorkNew YorkUSA Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Vanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA

Objective:Endoscopic approaches for sinus and skull base surgery are increasing in *** objective of this narrative review is to characterize risk factors for internal carotid artery injury in endoscopic endonasal surgery(EES),highlight preventative measures,and illustrate key management *** Sources:Comprehensive literature ***:Relevant literature was reviewed using PubMed/***:Carotid artery injury in EES is rare,with most studies reporting an incidence below 0.1%.Anatomic aberrancies,wide dissection margins,as well as specific provider and hospital factors,may increase the risk of *** teams,comprehensive preoperative imaging,patient risk assessment,and formal training in vascular emergencies may reduce the *** protocols should emphasize proper visualization of the injury site,fluid replacement,rapid packing,angiography,and endovascular techniques to achieve ***:While EES is a relatively safe procedure,carotid artery injury is a devastating complication that warrants full consideration in surgical *** preventative measures include identifying patients with notable risk factors and obtaining preoperative *** teams and management protocols are ultimately necessary to reduce morbidity and mortality.

关键词： carotid injury complications internal carotid pituitary pituitary adenoma pituitary tumor skull base surgery surgical outcomes transphenoidal

leveraging Quantum Computing for the Ising Model to Simulate Two Real Systems: Magnetic Materials and Biological Neural Networks (BNNs)

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Journal of Quantum Information Science 2023年第3期13卷 138-155页

作者： david l. Cao Khoi Dinh Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology Alexandria VA USA

Quantum computing is a field with increasing relevance as quantum hardware improves and more applications of quantum computing are discovered. In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of modeling Ising Model Hamiltonians on the IBM quantum computer. We developed quantum circuits to simulate these systems more efficiently for both closed and open boundary Ising models, with and without perturbations. We tested these various geometries of systems in both 1-D and 2-D space to mimic two real systems: magnetic materials and biological neural networks (BNNs). Our quantum model is more efficient than classical computers, which can struggle to simulate large, complex systems of particles.

关键词： Ising Model Magnetic Material Biological Neural Network Quantum Computting International Business Machines (IBM)

Micromolded honeycomb scaffold design to support the generation of a bilayered RPE and photoreceptor cell construct

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Bioactive Materials 2023年第12期30卷 142-153页

作者： In-Kyu lee Ruosen Xie Agustin luz-Madrigal Seunghwan Min Jingcheng Zhu Jiahe Jin Kimberly l.Edwards M.Joseph Phillips Allison l.ludwig david M.Gamm Shaoqin Gong Zhenqiang Ma Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Wisconsin Institute for Discovery University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53715USA Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA McPherson Eye Research Institute University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Waisman Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53705USA Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences University of Wisconsin–MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Department of Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA Grainger Institute for Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWI53706USA

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)causes blindness due to loss of retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)and photoreceptors(PRs),which comprise the two outermost layers of the *** the small size of the macula and the importance of direct contact between RPE and PRs,the use of scaffolds for targeted reconstruction of the outer retina in later stage AMD and other macular dystrophies is particularly *** developed microfabricated,honeycomb-patterned,biodegradable poly(glycerol sebacate)(PGS)scaffolds to deliver organized,adjacent layers of RPE and PRs to the subretinal ***,an optimized process was developed to photocure PGS,shortening scaffold production time from days to *** resulting scaffolds robustly supported the seeding of human pluripotent stem cell-derived RPE and PRs,either separately or as a dual celllayered *** advanced,economical,and versatile scaffolds can accelerate retinal cell transplantation efforts and benefit patients with AMD and other retinal degenerative diseases.

关键词： Microfabrication Retina Scaffolds Stem cells Tissue engineering

Towards estimating shade response of bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.)using field-based photosynthetic properties

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Grass Research 2022年第1期2卷 20-25,I0001-I0004页

作者： Jonathon l.Fox david Jespersen lisa l.Baxter John l.Snider Marc W.van Iersel Brian M.Schwartz Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia2360 Rainwater Rd.TiftonGA 31794USA Department of Crop and Soil Sciences University of Georgia1109 Experiment St.GriffinGA 30223USA Department of Horticulture University of Georgia1111 Plant Science BuildingAthensGA 30602USA

Shade tolerance is a highly desirable trait when breeding new bermudagrass(Cynodon spp.)lines,but current screening methods can take many years to *** is a clear need for large-scale turfgrass breeding programs to reliably,accurately,and quickly predict shade tolerance in their *** objectives of this research were to:(i)build custom chambers to reproducibly estimate photosynthetic characteristics from turfgrass canopies at different light intensities and(ii)determine which photosynthetic characteristics are indicative of past shade performance.A custom-built chamber was constructed to determine average photosynthetic characteristics for the whole plant by studying the turfgrass canopy at natural leaf angles for light *** tolerant(11-T-56)and shade sensitive(Tifway)bermudagrass cultivars were used to examine the effectiveness of the chamber within an array of photosynthetic characteristics when the grasses were grown in full-sun and 73%shade *** compensation point,chlorophyll content,quantum yield,dark respiration rate,and maximum quantum yield of photosystem II were evaluated in this *** on the results of this study,the authors recommend that light compensation point or maximum quantum yield be further evaluated as an accurate indicator of shade tolerance when performed in the field on spring days with grasses grown in full sun or 73%shade *** Rd rates and ambient temperatures on spring days appear to minimize unexplained variance in the data,which would allow researchers to better detect genotypic differences during this season.

关键词： breeding field estimating

Self-reported physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions, and healthcare utilization patterns in Million Veteran Program enrollees with Traumatic Brain Injury Screening and Evaluation Program data

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Military Medical Research 2023年第5期10卷 587-598页

作者： Alexandra l.Clark Makenna B.McGill Erin D.Ozturk david M.Schnyer Catherine Chanfreau‑Cofnier Victoria C.Merritt Research Service VA San Diego Healthcare System(VASDHS)San DiegoCA92161USA Department of Psychology The University of Texas at AustinAustinTX 78712USA San Diego State University/University of CaliforniaSan Diego Joint Doctoral Program San DiegoCA 92120USA VA Informaticsand Computing Infrastructure(VINCI) VA Salt Lake City Health Care SystemSalt Lake CityUT 84148USA Department of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 29093USA Center of Excel‑lence for Stress and Mental Health VASDHSSan Diego 92161USA

Background Examining the health outcomes of veterans who have completed the United States Veterans Health Administration’s(VHA’s)Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)Screening and Evaluation Program may aid in the refinement and improvement of clinical care initiatives within the *** study compared self-reported physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions,and health care utilization patterns in Million Veteran Program enrollees with TBI Screening and Evaluation Program data(collected between 2007 and 2019),with the goal of enhancing understanding of potentially modifiable health conditions in this *** In this observational cohort study,veterans(n=16,452)were grouped based on the diagnostic outcome of the TBI Screening and Evaluation Program:1)negative TBI screen(Screen^(-));2)positive TBI screen but no confirmed TBI diagnosis[Screen^(+)/Comprehensive TBI Evaluation(CTBIE)^(-)];or 3)positive TBI screen and confirmed TBI diagnosis(Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)).Chi-square tests and analysis of covariance were used to explore group differences in physical functioning,cardiometabolic health conditions,and health care utilization patterns,and logistic regressions were used to examine predictors of Screen^(+/-)and CTBIE^(+/-)group *** The results showed that veterans in the Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(-)and Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)groups generally reported poorer levels of physical functioning(P’slic health conditions(P’slth care utilization(P’s0.5)compared with the Screen-group;however,health outcomes were generally comparable between the Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(-)and Screen^(+)/CTBIE^(+)***-up analyses confirmed that while physical functioning,hypertension,stroke,healthcare utilization,and prescription medication use reliably distinguished between the Screen-and Screen^(+)groups(P’sly physical functioning distinguished bet

关键词： Traumatic brain injury(TBI)screen Comprehensive TBI Evaluation(CTBIE) Health outcomes Cardiometabolichealth Veterans Million Veteran Program(MVP)

Sources and significance of variation in basal,summit and maximal metabolic rates in birds

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Current Zoology 2010年第6期56卷 741-758页

作者： Andrew E. MCKECHNIE david l. SWANSON DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute Department of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of Pretoria Department of Biology University of South Dakota

The rates at which birds use energy may have profound effects on fitness, thereby influencing physiology, behavior,ecology and evolution. Comparisons of standardized metabolic rates (e.g., lower and upper limits of metabolic power output)present a method for elucidating the effects of ecological and evolutionary factors on the interface between physiology and lifehistory in birds. In this paper we review variation in avian metabolic rates [basal metabolic rate (BMR; minimum normothermicmetabolic rate), summit metabolic rate (M_(sum); maximal thermoregulatory metabolic rate), and maximal metabolic rate (MMR;maximal exercise metabolic rate)], the factors associated with this variation, the evidence for functional links between thesemetabolic traits, and the ecological and evolutionary significance of avian metabolic diversity. Both lower and upper limits tometabolic power production are phenotypically flexible traits, and vary in association with numerous ecological and evolutionaryfactors. For both inter- and intraspecific comparisons, lower and upper limits to metabolic power production are generallyupregulated in response to energetically demanding conditions and downregulated when energetic demands are relaxed, or underconditions of energetic scarcity. Positive correlations have been documented between BMR, M_(sum) and MMR in some, but not allstudies on birds, providing partial support for the idea of a functional link between lower and upper limits to metabolic powerproduction, but more intraspecific studies are needed to determine the robustness of this conclusion. Correlations between BMRand field metabolic rate (or daily energy expenditure) in birds are variable, suggesting that the linkage between these traits is subjectto behavioral adjustment, and studies of the relationship between field and maximal metabolic rates are lacking. Our understandingof avian metabolic diversity would benefit from future studies of: (1) the functional and mechanistic links betwe

关键词：最大代谢率鸟类基础代谢率高输出功率基底进化历史电力生产能量消耗

Abnormal psychology / Martin E. P. Seligman, Elaine F. Walker, david l. Rosenhan. 4th ed.

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Abnormal psychology / Martin E. P. Seligman, Elaine F. Walke...